Assessment of the shaping ability of R-Motion 30 .04 and 25 .06 in mesial canals of mandibular molars based on automated computational measurement.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in geometry following root canal preparation using R-Motion instruments with different apical sizes and tapers. METHODS: 54 mesial canals of mandibular molars with single curvature of angles ranging between 20° and 30° were stratified into 3 groups according to their internal anatomy (R-Motion 25/.06, 30/.04, Reciproc Blue) (n=18 per group). Micro-computed tomography was used to standardize the samples before instrumentation and, after instrumentation, to assess canal transportation, changes in canal volume and centering ability. Canals were irrigated with 17% EDTA and sodium hypochlorite, and the final rinse included subsonic agitation of these solutions. Measurements were analyzed automatically using the Dragonfly software (Come, Montreal, Canada) and were confirmed by a technician and an endodontist, based on a previously validated methodology. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Mann-Whitney´s tests. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the coronal third for canal transportation, with Reciproc Blue R25 having greater values compared with both R-Motion instruments (p<0.05) and greater changes in volume when compared with R-Motion 30/.04 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: R-Motion of apical size and taper 25/.06 and 30/.04 were associated with similar changes in geometry following root canal preparation in curved mesial canals of mandibular molars, whereas Reciproc Blue was associated with greater canal transportation in the coronal root third.

Paired Primary and Recurrent Rhabdoid Meningiomas: Cytogenetic Alterations, BAP1 Gene Expression Profile and Patient Outcome.

Rhabdoid meningiomas (RM) are a rare meningioma subtype with a heterogeneous clinical course which is more frequently associated with recurrence, even among tumors undergoing-complete surgical removal. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical-histopathological and cytogenetic features of 29 tumors, from patients with recurrent (seven primary and 14 recurrent tumors) vs. non-recurrent RM (n = 8). Recurrent RM showed one (29%), two (29%) or three (42%) recurrences. BAP1 loss of expression was found in one third of all RM at diagnosis and increased to 100% in subsequent tumor recurrences. Despite both recurrent and non-recurrent RM shared chromosome 22 losses, non-recurrent tumors more frequently displayed extensive losses of chromosome 19p (62%) and/or 19q (50%), together with gains of chromosomes 20 and 21 (38%, respectively), whereas recurrent RM (at diagnosis) displayed more complex genotypic profiles with extensive losses of chromosomes 1p, 14q, 18p, 18q (67% each) and 21p (50%), together with focal gains at chromosome 17q22 (67%). Compared to paired primary tumors, recurrent RM samples revealed additional losses at chromosomes 16q and 19p (50% each), together with gains at chromosomes 1q and 17q in most recurrent tumors (67%, each). All deceased recurrent RM patients corresponded to women with chromosome 17q gains, although no statistical significant differences were found vs. the other RM patients.

Primary Cutaneous Acral CD8-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Case Report With Nonacral Presentation.

In this study, we describe a patient of primary cutaneous acral CD8-positive lymphoproliferative disorder located in a nonacral region. A 65-year-old male presented with an ill-defined lesion of rubbery consistency and a maximum diameter of 2.5 cm localized in the right thigh. Histologically, it was composed of a diffuse dermal infiltration of medium-sized atypical lymphocytes that expressed CD3, CD8, and TIA-1. In addition, a characteristic paranuclear positivity with CD68 was observed. During the follow-up, the patient had a recurrence of the disease in the abdomen with a lesion showing similar morphology and phenotype. To our knowledge, < 20 patients of primary cutaneous acral CD8-positive lymphoproliferative disorder with a nonacral presentation have been described in English literature. Although rare, its identification is essential to differentiate it from other T-cell lymphoma that express CD8 and cytotoxic markers, and whose clinical courses are very aggressive.

Annotated Peruvian banknote dataset for currency recognition and classification.

The real-time detection of multinational banknotes remains an ongoing research challenge within the academic community. Numerous studies have been conducted to address the need for rapid and accurate banknote recognition, counterfeit detection, and identification of damaged banknotes [1], [2], [3]. State-of-the-art techniques, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have supplanted traditional digital image processing methods in banknote recognition and classification. However, the success of ML or DL projects critically hinges on the size and comprehensiveness of the datasets employed. Existing datasets suffer from several limitations. Firstly, there is a notable absence of a Peruvian banknote dataset suitable for training ML or DL models. Second, the lack of annotated data with specific labels and metadata for Peruvian currency hinders the development of effective supervised learning models for banknote recognition and classification. Lastly, datasets from different regions may not align with the unique characteristics, design, and security features of Peruvian banknotes, limiting the accuracy and applicability of models in a Peruvian context [4] To address these limitations, we have meticulously curated a comprehensive dataset comprising a total of 9,315 images of Peruvian banknotes, encompassing both old and new denominations from 2011 (old) and 2019 (new) [5]. The Peruvian banknote dataset includes denominations of 10, 20, 50, and 100 Peruvian soles. Importantly, as indicated by [5], both the 2011 and 2019 families of banknotes are currently in circulation, further enhancing the dataset's relevance for real-world applications in currency recognition and verification. This dataset serves as a vital resource for addressing the challenges in real-time multinational banknote detection. By offering a comprehensive collection of images of Peruvian banknotes, both old and new, this dataset fills a critical gap in the field of banknote recognition. Researchers can utilize it to train and evaluate advanced machine learning and deep learning models, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of banknote processing systems.

Landscape of tumor and immune system cells-derived exosomes in lung cancer: mediators of antitumor immunity regulation.

The immune system plays a critical role in cancer, including lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade, has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer, but a large subset of patients either do not respond or develop resistance. Exosomes, essential mediators of cell-to-cell communication, exert a profound influence on the tumor microenvironment and the interplay between cancer and the immune system. This review focuses on the role of tumor-derived exosomes and immune cells-derived exosomes in the crosstalk between these cell types, influencing the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Depending on their cell of origin and microenvironment, exosomes can contain immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory molecules that can either promote or inhibit tumor growth, thus playing a dual role in the disease. Furthermore, the use of exosomes in lung cancer immunotherapy is discussed. Their potential applications as cell-free vaccines and drug delivery systems make them an attractive option for lung cancer treatment. Additionally, exosomal proteins and RNAs emerge as promising biomarkers that could be employed for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of the disease. In summary, this review assesses the relationship between exosomes, lung cancer, and the immune system, shedding light on their potential clinical applications and future perspectives.

Design and Implementation of a Prototype Seismogeodetic System for Tectonic Monitoring.

This manuscript describes the design, development, and implementation of a prototype system based on seismogeodetic techniques, consisting of a low-cost MEMS seismometer/accelerometer, a biaxial inclinometer, a multi-frequency GNSS receiver, and a meteorological sensor, installed at the Doñana Biological Station (Huelva, Spain) that transmits multiparameter data in real and/or deferred time to the control center at the University of Cadiz. The main objective of this system is to know, detect, and monitor the tectonic activity in the Gulf of Cadiz region and adjacent areas in which important seismic events occur produced by the interaction of the Eurasian and African plates, in addition to the ability to integrate into a regional early warning system (EWS) to minimize the consequences of dangerous geological phenomena.

Estudio del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de mama por el método OSNA (One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification) tras neoadyuvancia en el Hospital Universitario de Navarra / Sentinel lymph node study in breast cancer using the OSNA (one-step nucleic acid amplification) method after neoadjuvant treatment at Hospital Universitario de Navarra

Introducción: la biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela (GC) es la técnica estándar para la estadificación axilar en el cáncer de mama. No hay consenso en el empleo del método OSNA (One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification) para el análisis del GC en las pacientes que recibieron el tratamiento neoadyuvante (TNA). En este trabajo analizamos los resultados obtenidos con OSNA en estas pacientes para justificar su implantación en nuestro centro. Material y métodos: se seleccionaron 42 casos del grupo de 163 pacientes con CM tratadas con TNA en nuestro centro, a las que se realizó OSNA del GC, obteniéndose una media de 2,1 ganglios por paciente. Se analizó además la expresión de citoqueratina 19 (CK19), grado tumoral, fenotipo molecular y el grado de respuesta al TNA de estas pacientes. Se estudiaron los GC mediante técnica OSNA y los no centinelas por el método tradicional. Resultados: el grado tumoral fue 2-3 en el 97,6% de los casos, el fenotipo luminal A (17%), luminal B (38%), triple-negativo (26,1%) y HER2 (19%). La respuesta al TNA fue completa en el 59,5% de las pacientes y la expresión de CK19 no se vio modificada. Los ganglios estudiados fueron positivos en 9 pacientes (21,4%) en las que posteriormente se realizó una linfadenectomía y un único caso presentó ganglio no centinela afecto (2,3%). Conclusiones: el método OSNA para el estudio del GC tras el TNA es muy superior al método tradicional, ya que permite la detección intraoperatoria de grupo celular aislado y micrometástasis no detectables con los métodos tradicionales, evitando segundas intervenciones y falsos negativos al analizarse completo el GC, y demuestra que no se altera la expresión de CK19 con el TNA. (AU)

Background: Selective sentinel node (SN) biopsy is the standard technique for axillary staging in breast cancer (BC). There is no consensus on the use of OSNA (One-Step Acid Nucleic Amplification) method for SN in patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment (NAT). We have studied the results obtained in our centre to justify the advantages of its implementation. Material and methods: 42 cases were selected from the group of 163 patients with BC treated with NAT, who underwent OSNA of the SN, obtaining a mean of 2.1 nodes per patient. We also analyzed cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression, tumour grade, molecular phenotype and the degree of response to NAT in these patients. The SN were studied using the OSNA technique and non-sentinel nodes using the traditional method. Results: Tumour grade was 2-3 in 97.6% of cases, phenotype luminal A (17%), luminal B (38%), triple-negative (26.1%) and HER2 (19%). The response to NAT was complete in 59.5% of patients and CK19 expression was unchanged. The nodes studied were positive in 9 patients (21.4%) in whom lymphadenectomy was performed and only one case had a non-sentinel node involvement (2.3%). Conclusions: The OSNA method for the study of SN after NAT is far superior to the traditional method as it: It allows intraoperative detection of isolated cell group and micrometastases not detectable with traditional methods, avoiding second interventions. It avoids false negatives when the whole SN is analyzed. It shows that CK19 expression is not altered by NAT. (AU)

MIL-100(Fe)-derived catalysts for CO2 conversion via low- and high-temperature reverse water-gas shift reaction.

Fe-derived catalysts were synthesized by the pyrolysis of MIL-100 (Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF) and evaluated in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. The addition of Rh as a dopant by in-situ incorporation during the synthesis and wet impregnation was also considered. Our characterization data showed that the main active phase was a mixture of α-Fe, Fe3C, and Fe3O4 in all the catalysts evaluated. Additionally, small Rh loading leads to a decrease in the particle size in the active phase. Despite all three catalysts showing commendable CO selectivity levels, the C@Fe* catalyst showed the most promising performance at a temperature below 500 °C, attributed to the in-situ incorporation of Rh during the synthesis. Overall, this work showcases a strategy for designing novel Fe MOF-derived catalysts for RWGS reaction, opening new research opportunities for CO2 utilization schemes.

Aberrant Methylation of the Imprinted C19MC and MIR371-3 Clusters in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as an important contributor to tumor development through the modulation of gene expression. Our objective was to identify the methylation profile of the imprinted C19MC and MIR371-3 clusters in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to find their potential target genes, as well as to study their prognostic role. DNA methylation status was analyzed in a NSCLC patient cohort (n = 47) and compared with a control cohort including COPD patients and non-COPD subjects (n = 23) using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip. Hypomethylation of miRNAs located on chromosome 19q13.42 was found to be specific for tumor tissue. We then identified the target mRNA-miRNA regulatory network for the components of the C19MC and MIR371-3 clusters using the miRTargetLink 2.0 Human tool. The correlations of miRNA-target mRNA expression from primary lung tumors were analyzed using the CancerMIRNome tool. From those negative correlations identified, we found that a lower expression of 5 of the target genes (FOXF2, KLF13, MICA, TCEAL1 and TGFBR2) was significantly associated with poor overall survival. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the imprinted C19MC and MIR371-3 miRNA clusters undergo polycistronic epigenetic regulation leading to deregulation of important and common target genes with potential prognostic value in lung cancer.

Leveraging a nationwide infection surveillance program to implement a colorectal surgical site infection reduction bundle: a pragmatic, prospective, and multicenter cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Bundled interventions usually reduce surgical site infection (SSI) when implemented at single hospitals, but the feasibility of their implementation at the nationwide level and their clinical results are not well established. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pragmatic interventional study to analyze the implementation and outcomes of a colorectal surgery care bundle within a nationwide quality improvement program. The bundle consisted of antibiotic prophylaxis, oral antibiotic prophylaxis (OAP), mechanical bowel preparation, laparoscopy, normothermia, and a wound retractor. Control group (CG) and Intervention group (IG) were compared. Overall SSI, superficial (S-SSI), deep (D-SSI), and organ/space (O/S-SSI) rates were analyzed. Secondary endpoints included microbiology, 30-day mortality, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 37 849 procedures were included, 19 655 in the CG and 18 194 in the IG. In all, 5462 SSIs (14.43%) were detected: 1767 S-SSI (4.67%), 847 D-SSI (2.24%), and 2838 O/S-SSI (7.5%). Overall SSI fell from 18.38% (CG) to 10.17% (IG), odds ratio (OR) of 0.503 [0.473-0.524]. O/S-SSI rates were 9.15% (CG) and 5.72% (IG), OR of 0.602 [0.556-0.652]. The overall SSI rate was 16.71% when no measure was applied and 6.23% when all six were used. Bundle implementation reduced the probability of overall SSI (OR: 0.331; CI 95 : 0.242-0.453), and also O/S-SSI rate (OR: 0.643; CI 95 : 0.416-0.919). In the univariate analysis, all measures except normothermia were associated with a reduction in overall SSI, while only laparoscopy, OAP, and mechanical bowel preparation were related to a decrease in O/S-SSI. Laparoscopy, wound retractor, and OAP decreased overall SSI and O/S-SSI in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort study, the application of a specific care bundle within a nationwide nosocomial infection surveillance system proved feasible and resulted in a significant reduction in overall and O/S-SSI rates in the elective colon and rectal surgery. The OR for SSI fell between 1.5 and 3 times after the implementation of the bundle.

Clinical, Histopathologic and Genetic Features of Rhabdoid Meningiomas.

Rhabdoid meningiomas (RM) shows heterogeneous histological findings, and a wide variety of chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) are associated with an unpredictable course of the disease. In this study, we analyzed a series of 305 RM samples from patients previously reported in the literature and 33 samples from 23 patients studied in our laboratory. Monosomy 22-involving the minimal but most common recurrent region loss of the 22q11.23 chromosomal region was the most observed chromosomal alteration, followed by losses of chromosomes 14, 1, 6, and 19, polysomies of chromosomes 17, 1q, and 20, and gains of 13q14.2, 10p13, and 21q21.2 chromosomal regions. Based on their CNA profile, RM could be classified into two genetic subgroups with distinct clinicopathologic features characterized by the presence of (1) chromosomal losses only and (2) combined losses and gains of several chromosomes. The latter displays a higher frequency of WHO grade 3 tumors and poorer clinical outcomes.

Surviving rectal cancer at the cost of a colostomy: global survey of long-term health-related quality of life in 10 countries.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer management may require an ostomy formation; however, a stoma may negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to compare generic and stoma-specific HRQoL in patients with a permanent colostomy after rectal cancer across different countries. METHOD: A cross-sectional cohorts of patients with a colostomy after rectal cancer in Denmark, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands, China, Portugal, Australia, Lithuania, Egypt, and Israel were invited to complete questionnaires regarding demographic and socioeconomic factors along with the Colostomy Impact (CI) score, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and five anchor questions assessing colostomy impact on HRQoL. The background characteristics of the cohorts from each country were compared and generic HRQoL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 presented for the total cohort. Results were compared with normative data of reference European populations. The predictors of reduced HRQoL were investigated by multivariable logistic regression, including demographic and socioeconomic factors and stoma-related problems. RESULTS: A total of 2557 patients were included. Response rates varied between 51-93 per cent. Mean time from stoma creation was 2.5-6.2 (range 1.1-39.2) years. A total of 25.8 per cent of patients reported that their colostomy impairs their HRQoL 'some'/'a lot'. This group had significantly unfavourable scores across all EORTC subscales compared with patients reporting 'no'/'a little' impaired HRQoL. Generic HRQoL differed significantly between countries, but resembled the HRQoL of reference populations. Multivariable logistic regression showed that stoma dysfunction, including high CI score (OR 3.32), financial burden from the stoma (OR 1.98), unemployment (OR 2.74), being single/widowed (OR 1.35) and young age (OR 1.01 per year) predicted reduced stoma-related HRQoL. CONCLUSION: Overall HRQoL is preserved in patients with a colostomy after rectal cancer, but a quarter of the patients interviewed reported impaired HRQoL. Differences among several countries were reported and socioeconomic factors correlated with reduced quality of life.

Cirugía de salvamento de extremidad con endóprotesis tumoral de rodilla en un paciente con osteosarcoma ewing / Salvage surgery limb with knee tumor endoprosthesis in a patient with osteosarcoma ewing

La cirugía de salvamento de extremidad luego de la resección de sarcomas óseos ha demostrado mejoría en el resultado funcional de los pacientes y la sobrevida libre de enfermedad. El reemplazo total de la rodilla es una cirugía infrecuente. Este es el reporte del primer reemplazo total de rodilla con endoprótesis tumoral de rodilla en Bolivia. El sarcoma de Ewing es un tumor poco frecuente, de gran agresividad que puede aparecer en relación con otras lesiones óseas, de pronóstico infausto y supervivencias cortas. Para el tratamiento, actualmente se acepta que debe administrarse quimioterapia preoperatoria y favorecer la aparición de calcificaciones. La cirugía debe ser amplia; la contribución con la colaboración de este tipo de implantes, es que el paciente pudo sanar de su afección sin perder la funcionalidad del miembro afectado.

Limb salvage surgery after resection of bone sarcomas has shown improvement in the functional outcome of patients and disease-free survival. Total knee replacement is a rare surgery. This is the report of the first total knee replacement with tumor knee endoprosthesis in Bolivia. Ewing's sarcoma is a rare, highly aggressive tumor that can appear in relation to other bone lesions, with an unfortunate prognosis and short survivals. For treatment, it is currently accepted that preoperative chemotherapy should be administered and favor the appearance of calcifications. The surgery must be extensive.The contribution with the collaboration of this type of implants is that the patient was able to heal from his condition without losing the functionality of the affected limb.

Design and validation of a tunable inertial microfluidic system for the efficient enrichment of circulating tumor cells in blood.

The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is a powerful noninvasive alternative to conventional tumor biopsy. Inertial-based separation is a promising high-throughput, marker-free sorting strategy for the enrichment and isolation of CTCs. Here, we present and validate a double spiral microfluidic device that efficiently isolates CTCs with a fine-tunable cut-off value of 9 µm and a separation range of 2 µm. We designed the device based on computer simulations that introduce a novel, customized inertial force term, and provide practical fabrication guidelines. We validated the device using calibration beads, which allowed us to refine the simulations and redesign the device. Then we validated the redesigned device using blood samples and a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. Finally, as a proof of principle, we tested the device using peripheral blood from a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, isolating more than 17 CTCs/ml, with purity/removal values of 96.03% and 99.99% of white blood cell and red blood cells, respectively. These results confirm highly efficient CTC isolation with a stringent cut-off value and better separation results than the state of the art.

LATIN-19: A Grassroots Coalition to Mitigate the Effect of COVID-19 on the Latinx Community in North Carolina.

BACKGROUND: Social inequity is a primary driver of health disparities, creating multiple barriers to good health. These inequities were exacerbated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with Latinx communities suffering more than others. Grassroots collaborations have long existed to address disparities. OBJECTIVE: We describe the creation and work of the Latinx Advocacy Team and Interdisciplinary Network for COVID-19 (LATIN-19; http://latin19.org/), a multisector coalition in North Carolina created to address the unique challenges of COVID-19 in the Latinx community. METHODS: We discuss challenges and solutions that LATIN-19 addressed and the impact of LATIN-19 on community partners and members. RESULTS: LATIN-19 learned of challenges including, lack of awareness, need for data systems to track disparities, the need to increase access to resources, the need for policy changes, and the need to coordinate services by community organizations. CONCLUSIONS: LATIN-19 represents a grassroots organization that has had an impact on community and community organizations that spans beyond COVID-19.

Life with a stoma across five European countries-a cross-sectional study on long-term rectal cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: Stoma-related problems are known to be important to patients and potentially affect everyday life. The prevalence of stoma-related problems in rectal cancer survivors remains undetermined. This study aimed to examine aspects of life with a long-term stoma, stoma management, and stoma-related problems and explore the impact of stoma-related problems on daily life. METHODS: In total, 2262 patients from 5 European countries completed a multidimensional survey. Stoma-related problems were assessed using the Colostomy Impact score. Multivariable regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, provided odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for stoma-related problems' association with restrictions in daily life. RESULTS: The 2262 rectal cancer survivors completed the questionnaire at a median of 5.4 years (interquartile range 3.8-7.6) after stoma formation. In the total sample, leakage (58%) and troublesome odour (55%) were most prevalent followed by skin problems (27%) and pain (21%). Stoma-related problems were more prevalent in patients with parastomal bulging. A total of 431 (19%) reported feeling restricted in daily activities in life with a stoma. Leakage, odour, skin problems, stool consistency, and frequent appliance changes were significantly associated with restrictions in daily life. The highest risk of experiencing restrictions was seen for patients having odour (OR 2.74 [95% CI: 1.99-3.78]) more than once a week and skin problems (OR 1.77 [95% CI: 1.38-2.27]). CONCLUSION: In this large cohort with rectal cancer, stoma-related problems were highly prevalent and impacted daily life. Supportive care strategies should entail outreach to patients with a long-term stoma.

Mating pair stabilization mediates bacterial conjugation species specificity.

Bacterial conjugation mediates contact-dependent transfer of DNA from donor to recipient bacteria, thus facilitating the spread of virulence and resistance plasmids. Here we describe how variants of the plasmid-encoded donor outer membrane (OM) protein TraN cooperate with distinct OM receptors in recipients to mediate mating pair stabilization and efficient DNA transfer. We show that TraN from the plasmid pKpQIL (Klebsiella pneumoniae) interacts with OmpK36, plasmids from R100-1 (Shigella flexneri) and pSLT (Salmonella Typhimurium) interact with OmpW, and the prototypical F plasmid (Escherichia coli) interacts with OmpA. Cryo-EM analysis revealed that TraNpKpQIL interacts with OmpK36 through the insertion of a ß-hairpin in the tip of TraN into a monomer of the OmpK36 porin trimer. Combining bioinformatic analysis with AlphaFold structural predictions, we identified a fourth TraN structural variant that mediates mating pair stabilization by binding OmpF. Accordingly, we devised a classification scheme for TraN homologues on the basis of structural similarity and their associated receptors: TraNα (OmpW), TraNß (OmpK36), TraNγ (OmpA), TraNδ (OmpF). These TraN-OM receptor pairings have real-world implications as they reflect the distribution of resistance plasmids within clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates, demonstrating the importance of mating pair stabilization in mediating conjugation species specificity. These findings will allow us to predict the distribution of emerging resistance plasmids in high-risk bacterial pathogens.

A standardized stepwise approach to minimally invasive ileocolic anastomosis: Tips and tricks for laparoscopic and robotic surgery.

AIM: Intracorporeal anastomosis has been associated with earlier recovery of postoperative bowel function, shorter length of stay and lower surgical site infection rates. The aim of this work is to describe a step-by-step standardized technique for intracorporeal ileocolic and ileosigmoid anastomosis suitable for laparoscopic and robotic colectomy. METHOD: Each step of the technique is illustrated using a composite collection of three operative patient videos. Two procedures were performed robotically and one was laparoscopic. Tips are provided to construct a two-layer anastomosis (both posteriorly and anteriorly). The procedures are presented in stepwise fashion, discussing the advantages and feasibility of the technique. RESULTS: The standardized technique described herein was used in three patients for this report, of whom two underwent right colectomy and one subtotal colectomy for cancer. The median operating time was 255 (206-333) min. There were no intraoperative complications. No major postoperative complications or 30-day readmissions occurred. The median length of stay was 4 (3-5) days. CONCLUSION: The described technique of a two-layer anastomosis can be used with any available minimally invasive approach. It is safe and feasible. Using a standardized approach, the technique can be easily taught and mastered, optimizing operating times and reducing adverse events.