Innominate Artery Dissection Caused by Video-Mediastinoscopy.

Mediastinoscopy is considered a safe technique to biopsy mediastinal lesions. Among its complications, vascular ones are the most common. We present a rare case of intimal dissection of the innominate artery during the performance of a mediastinoscopy that caused an ischemic attack from which the patient recovered completely without long-term sequelae. We analyze the possible causes and risk factors of this complication.

Un caso raro de mediastinitis necrosante descendente / An Unusual Case of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis

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Infarto renal agudo: características clínicas y factores pronósticos / Acute renal infarction: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors

Introducción: El infarto renal agudo (INRA) es una patología de diagnóstico infrecuente, cuya incidencia real es probablemente superior a la detectada, y que asocia una evolución desfavorable en un alto porcentaje de casos. Objetivos: Describir las principales características clínicas, bioquímicas y radiológicas, y determinar qué factores se asocian a una peor evolución (muerte o deterioro permanente de la función renal). Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional, que incluyó a todos los pacientes diagnosticados de INRA mediante TAC con contraste en un único hospital durante 18 años. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según el origen cardiogénico o no cardiogénico del INRA. Se analizaron las principales características clínicas, bioquímicas y radiológicas, y, mediante un modelo de regresión logística multivariante, se determinaron los factores asociados a una peor evolución. Resultados: Se incluyeron 62 casos, de los que 30 fueron de origen cardiogénico. Los 32 pacientes con INRA no cardiogénico eran más jóvenes, con menos comorbilidad y menor frecuencia de tratamiento previo con anticoagulación. La extensión media de daño isquémico por radiología fue del 35%, sin observarse diferencias entre los subgrupos etiológicos. El 38% de los pacientes tuvo una evolución desfavorable, y los principales determinantes fueron: la función renal al diagnóstico (eGFR) (OR=0,949; IC 95%: 0,918-0,980; p=0,002) y la anticoagulación oral antes del episodio agudo (OR=0,135; IC 95%: 0,032-0,565; p=0,006). Conclusiones: El INRA es una patología infrecuente, con manifestaciones clínicas poco específicas y, en más de la mitad de los casos, no asociada a enfermedad cardiaca o arritmias. Una alta proporción de pacientes evoluciona desfavorablemente. La función renal al diagnóstico es uno de los principales factores pronósticos (AU)

Introduction: Acute renal infarction (ARI) is an uncommon disease, whose real incidence is probably higher than expected. It is associated with poor prognosis in a high percentage of cases. Objectives: To describe the main clinical, biochemical and radiologic features and to determine which factors are associated with poor prognosis (death or permanent renal injury). Materials and methods: The following is a retrospective, observational, single-hospital-based study. All patients diagnosed with ARI by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) over an 18-year period were included. Patients were classified according to the cardiac or non-cardiac origin of their disease. Clinical, biochemical and radiologic features were analysed, and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with poor prognosis. Results: A total of 62 patients were included, 30 of which had a cardiac origin. Other 32 patients with non-cardiac ARI were younger, had less comorbidity, and were less frequently treated with oral anticoagulants. CT scans estimated mean injury extension at 35%, with no differences observed between groups. A total of 38% of patients had an unfavourable outcome, and the main determinants were: Initial renal function (OR=0.949; IC 95% 0.918-0.980; p=0.002), and previous treatment with oral anticoagulants (OR=0.135; IC 95% 0.032-0.565; p=0.006). Conclusions: ARI is a rare pathology with non-specific symptoms, and it is not associated with cardiological disease or arrhythmias in more than half of cases. A substantial proportion of patients have unfavourable outcomes, and the initial renal function is one of the main prognostic factors (AU)

Acute renal infarction: Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors.

INTRODUCTION: Acute renal infarction (ARI) is an uncommon disease, whose real incidence is probably higher than expected. It is associated with poor prognosis in a high percentage of cases. OBJECTIVES: To describe the main clinical, biochemical and radiologic features and to determine which factors are associated with poor prognosis (death or permanent renal injury). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following is a retrospective, observational, single-hospital-based study. All patients diagnosed with ARI by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) over an 18-year period were included. Patients were classified according to the cardiac or non-cardiac origin of their disease. Clinical, biochemical and radiologic features were analysed, and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with poor prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients were included, 30 of which had a cardiac origin. Other 32 patients with non-cardiac ARI were younger, had less comorbidity, and were less frequently treated with oral anticoagulants. CT scans estimated mean injury extension at 35%, with no differences observed between groups. A total of 38% of patients had an unfavourable outcome, and the main determinants were: Initial renal function (OR=0.949; IC 95% 0.918-0.980; p=0.002), and previous treatment with oral anticoagulants (OR=0.135; IC 95% 0.032-0.565; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: ARI is a rare pathology with non-specific symptoms, and it is not associated with cardiological disease or arrhythmias in more than half of cases. A substantial proportion of patients have unfavourable outcomes, and the initial renal function is one of the main prognostic factors.