Pilot Testing and Psychometric Validation of the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale for Spanish Nursing.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Professional commitment is frequently used as a humanistic care indicator. Thus, it is important to design and validate a tool which is able to measure professional commitment of nurses in Spain. In this study we aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale for Spanish (NPS-S) nursing in order to verify its validity and reliability. METHODS: We undertook the pilot testing and psychometric validation of the NPS-S. A total sample of 249 nursing professionals from a variety of areas of expertise took part in this study. The STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement was used for reporting this research. RESULTS: The NPS-S achieved a high degree of content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, temporal stability, and usability; this version is, thus, equivalent to the Nijmegen Professionalis Scale in its original version. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on the results obtained from the validation of this tool, it is possible to affirm that the NPS-S is an effective instrument for measuring professional commitment in this population. The NPS-S will evaluate and thus contribute to the promotion of professional commitment in Spanish nursing. Additionally, it will serve to establish correlations between professional commitment and other variables including quality of care and patient satisfaction. Future studies should analyze the evaluation capacity of this tool.

Care Dependency in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a progressive and debilitating condition that represents an ever-growing problem for health systems worldwide. HF patients feel that they are a burden on their families, they feel socially isolated and have a low perception of their health. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to: (1) to explore the profile of care dependency in a representative sample of Spanish HF patients through the Care Dependency Scale (CDS), and (2) to identify correlates of care dependency in this population. Material and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 187 patients admitted for HF decompensation to the Hospital Clínico of Zaragoza (Spain). Results: Only 15% of our sample was highly or completely dependent on care from others. More specifically, our results indicate that HF patients felt a greater level of dependency on care from others when it comes to moving, getting dressed and undressed, maintaining good personal hygiene, participating in daily and recreational activities and being continent. Conclusions: We find association between the CDS categories that present a low score for care dependency in HF patients and the patients' physical deterioration.

The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and Their Associated Factors in College Students.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and associated factors in a population of college students. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of psychological distress measured through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in a sample of 1074 college students. RESULTS: We found a moderate prevalence of depression (18.4%), anxiety (23.6%) and stress (34.5%) symptoms in our study population. Being <21, having problematic Internet use behavior, smoking, presenting insomnia and having a low self-esteem were independently associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Being a woman, living with their family, having a stable partner, consuming alcohol frequently and having poor nutritional habits were significantly associated with symptoms of stress; lacking a stable partner was significantly associated with depressive symptoms; and frequent consumption of alcohol was significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSION: We found a moderate prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in our population. Interventions aimed at promoting mental health among college students should be implemented.

Risk of Falling and Associated Factors in Older Adults with a Previous History of Falls.

Falls in the elderly are one of the main geriatric syndromes and a clear indicator of fragility in the older adult population. This has serious consequences, leading to an increase in disability, institutionalization and death. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the prevalence of risk of falling and associated factors in a population of 213 non-institutionalised, able older adults with a history of falling in the previous year. We used the following assessment tools: Questionnaire of the WHO for the study of falls in the elderly, Geriatric Depression Scale and Tinetti's Gait and Balance Assessment Tool. Age, using ambulatory assistive devices, polymedication, hospital admission following a fall and depression were significantly associated with risk of falling. In order to prevent fall reoccurrence, community-based fall prevention programs should be implemented.

Conducta alimentaria y su relación con el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión y el insomnio en estudiantes universitarios / Eating behavior and its relationship with stress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia in university students

Introducción: existe evidencia creciente que relaciona la alimentación con la salud psicológica de la población adulta. Esta asociación no se ha explorado suficientemente entre los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la calidad de la dieta en una población universitaria y cuantificar su asociación con la prevalencia de ansiedad, depresión, estrés e insomnio. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 1055 estudiantes universitarios. Se utilizaron tres cuestionarios validados: el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS), la escala breve de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) y el Índice de Severidad del Insomnio. Resultados: la puntuación media del IAS fue de 68,57 ± 12,17. La prevalencia de la alimentación no saludable fue del 82,3%, mayor en las mujeres (84,8% vs. 76,4%). La alimentación no saludable se relacionó de forma significativa con la prevalencia de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. El consumo excesivo de dulces y el bajo de lácteos se asociaron a una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones psicológicas y del sueño. Conclusiones: los patrones alimentarios no saludables son comunes en la población universitaria y se relacionan con la presencia de ansiedad, estrés y depresión. Las intervenciones educativas dirigidas a disminuir el consumo de alimentos no saludables en estudiantes universitarios pueden conllevar una mejora de la salud psicológica y/o viceversa

Introduction: there is growing evidence linking food consumption with psychological health in adult people. This association has not been well explored among university students. Objectives: the aims of this study were to analyze diet quality in a university population, and to assess its association with the prevalence of anxiety, stress, depression, and insomnia. Methods: a cross-sectional study of a sample of 1,055 university students. Three validated questionnaires were used: the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), and the Insomnia Severity Index. Results: the average HEI score was 68.57 ± 12.17. The prevalence of unhealthy eating was 82.3%, higher in women (84.8% vs. 76.4%). Unhealthy eating was significantly associated with prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress. Excessive intake of sweets and low of dairy products were associated with a higher prevalence of psychological and sleep disturbances. Conclusions: unhealthy eating patterns are common among the university population, and related to anxiety, stress, and depression. Educational interventions to reduce unhealthy food consumption in university students may also result in psychological health improvements and/or vice versa

[Eating behavior and relationships with stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia in university students.] / Conducta alimentaria y su relación con el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión y el insomnio en estudiantes universitarios.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: there is growing evidence linking food consumption with psychological health of adult people. This association has not been well explored among university students. Objectives: the aims of this study were to analyze the diet quality in a university population, and to assess its association with prevalence of anxiety, stress, depression, and insomnia. Methods: cross-sectional study of a sample of 1055 university students. Three validated questionnaires were used: the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 21), and the Insomnia Severity Index. Results: The average HEI score was 68,57±12,17. Prevalence of unhealthy eating was 82,3%, higher in women (84,8% vs. 76,4%). Unhealthy eating was significantly associated with prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress. Excessive intake of sweets and low of dairy products were associated with higher prevalence of psychological and sleep disturbances. Conclusions: unhealthy eating patterns are common in university population and are related to anxiety, stress, and depression. Educational interventions to reduce unhealthy food consumption in university students can also result in psychological health improvements and/or vice versa.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: existe una evidencia creciente que relaciona la alimentación con la salud psicológica de la población adulta. Esta asociación no ha sido suficientemente explorada entre los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la calidad de la dieta en una población universitaria y cuantificar su asociación con la prevalencia de ansiedad, depresión, estrés e insomnio. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 1055 estudiantes universitarios. Tres cuestionarios validados fueron utilizados: el Índice de Alimentación Saludable (IAS), la escala breve de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) y el Índice de Severidad del Insomnio. Resultados: la puntuación media del IAS fue de 68,57±12,17. La prevalencia de alimentación no saludable fue del 82,3%, mayor en mujeres (84,8% vs. 76,4%). La alimentación no saludable se relacionó de forma significativa con la prevalencia de ansiedad, depresión y estrés. El consumo excesivo de dulces y el bajo de lácteos se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones psicológicas y del sueño. Conclusiones: los patrones alimentarios no saludables son comunes en la población universitaria y se relacionan con la presencia de ansiedad, estrés y depresión. Las intervenciones educativas dirigidas a disminuir el consumo de alimentos no saludables en estudiantes universitarios pueden conllevar una mejora de la salud psicológica y/o viceversa.

[Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its association with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study of a sample of workers in Aragón, Spain]. / Prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y su asociación con diabetes, hipertensión, dislipemia y síndrome metabólico: estudio transversal de una muestra de trabajadores en Aragón, España.

INTRODUCTION: Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of workers in Aragón (Spain) and to assess its associations with diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Methods: cross-sectional study of a sample of 23,729 workers. Data from routine medical check-ups (physical examination, blood analysis and structured questionnaire) practiced by MAS Sociedad de Prevención were used. Results: prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.6% and 18.4%, respectively (higher in males). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome was 7.6%, 20.1%, 31.3% and 7.5%, respectively. There was a significant association between overweight and obesity and prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: states of overweight and obesity are common in the working population and are related to a significant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. It is necessary to promote strategies for prevention and management of body weight in the working population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en una muestra de trabajadores en Aragón (España) y cuantifi car su asociación con la prevalencia de diabetes, dislipemia, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 23.729 trabajadores. Se utilizaron los datos de las revisiones médicas rutinarias (exploración física, analítica sanguínea y cuestionario estructurado) practicadas por MAS Sociedad de Prevención. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue del 38,6% y la de obesidad, del 18,4%, siendo superiores en los varones. La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión, dislipemia y síndrome metabólico fue de 7,6%, 20,1%, 31,3% y 7,5%, respectivamente. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad y la prevalencia de diabetes, dislipemia, hipertensión y síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: los estados de sobrepeso y obesidad son comunes en la población trabajadora y se relacionan con un importante aumento de la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Es necesario promover estrategias de prevención y manejo del peso corporal en la población trabajadora.

English-to-Spanish Translation of the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this investigation was to perform the cross-cultural and linguistic translation and adaptation of the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale for Spanish nursing. Originally designed by Tromp et al. (2010) for its use by general practitioners, the new Spanish version of this tool assesses professional commitment, allowing for the comparison, prevention, association, and longitudinal monitoring of commitment among nursing professionals. METHODS: The linguistic translation from English to Spanish was performed using the translation-back-translation method; the process of cross-cultural adaptation to the Spanish nursing context was carried out following the recommendations given by a panel of experts comprised of 24 practicing nurses with different professional backgrounds. The data for the feasibility study were collected between December 2015 and January 2016. RESULTS: The original English version of the instrument contains 106 items and was originally developed for assessing professional behavior of general practitioner trainees; the new version, with a significant reduction in the initial number of items, comprises 49 items and is now ready for pilot testing and validation in our context. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The Nijmegen Professionalism Scale in its Spanish version will act not only as a tool for measuring professional commitment among Spanish nurses but also as a motivational resource and means for reflection which will, in turn, increase the quality of the care provided by these professionals.

Prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad y su asociación con diabetes, hipertensión, dislipemia y síndrome metabólico: estudio transversal de una muestra de trabajadores en Aragón, España / Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its association with diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study of a sample of workers in Aragón, Spain

Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en una muestra de trabajadores en Aragón (España) y cuantifi car su asociación con la prevalencia de diabetes, dislipemia, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 23.729 trabajadores. Se utilizaron los datos de las revisiones médicas rutinarias (exploración física, analítica sanguínea y cuestionario estructurado) practicadas por MAS Sociedad de Prevención. Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue del 38,6% y la de obesidad, del 18,4%, siendo superiores en los varones. La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión, dislipemia y síndrome metabólico fue de 7,6%, 20,1%, 31,3% y 7,5%, respectivamente. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad y la prevalencia de diabetes, dislipemia, hipertensión y síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: los estados de sobrepeso y obesidad son comunes en la población trabajadora y se relacionan con un importante aumento de la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Es necesario promover estrategias de prevención y manejo del peso corporal en la población trabajadora

Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of workers in Aragón (Spain) and to assess its associations with diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Methods: cross-sectional study of a sample of 23,729 workers. Data from routine medical check-ups (physical examination, blood analysis and structured questionnaire) practiced by MAS Sociedad de Prevención were used. Results: prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38.6% and 18.4%, respectively (higher in males). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome was 7.6%, 20.1%, 31.3% and 7.5%, respectively. There was a signifi cant association between overweight and obesity and prevalence of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: states of overweight and obesity are common in the working population and are related to a signifi cant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. It is necessary to promote strategies for prevention and management of body weight in the working population

A concept analysis of professional commitment in nursing.

BACKGROUND: The concept of professional commitment is being widely studied at present. However, although it is considered an indicator for the most human part of nursing care, there is no clear definition for it, and different descriptors are being used indiscriminately to reference it. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to clarify the concept of professional commitment in nursing through the Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis process. DESIGN: Systematic search using English and Spanish descriptors and concept analysis. Studies published between 2009 and June 2015, front-to-back analysis of the Nursing Ethics journal and manual check of articles cited in studies related to the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale. RESEARCH DESIGN: The procedure of concept analysis developed by Rodgers was used. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Although the topic was not labeled as sensitive and subject to ethical approval, its realization was approved by the Ethical Committee of Clinical Research of Aragon (CEICA) approved the study on 18 March 2015 and also careful procedures have been followed according to ethics expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 17 published studies. A clear definition of the concept was made, and surrogate terms, concept dimension, differential factors related to the concept, sociocultural variations and consequences for nursing practice were identified. CONCLUSION: There is a need for continuous advancement in the development of the concept, specific actions to encourage this and the improvement of evaluation methods for its study.

La importancia del desarrollo académico de postgrado en la mejora profesional enfermera: Másteres y doctorados / The importance of academic development for nurses' professional advancement: masters and phd

Los aspectos formativos son esenciales para el desarrollo de cualquier disciplina. La ciencia enfermera ha vivido cambios profundos y positivos en su historia más reciente, que han culminado con su conversión académica en título de grado y la posibilidad de acceder a estudios superiores de segundo y tercer ciclos (másteres y doctorados). Analizamos en nuestro estudio la situación actual de la formación superior en Enfermería reflexionando sobre los antecedentes. El nivel académico y formativo de las enfermeras se ha mostrado como un elemento clave en aspectos básicos para los servicios sanitarios, como son la mejora de la seguridad del paciente y los resultados en salud (disminución de la mortalidad hospitalaria, menos eventos no deseados como errores de medicación, caídas, úlceras por presión...), y una mejora global de la calidad del cuidado. Además, ello está repercutiendo en el protagonismo social que las enfermeras están adquiriendo. Por ello, el acceso al desarrollo académico superior de las enfermeras a través de másteres (profesionalizantes o investigadores) o programas de doctorado, además de contribuir a desarrollar la disciplina, mejora el cuidado y permite la asunción de nuevas responsabilidades y roles avanzados, que son no solo de mayor calidad, sino también más eficientes para el sistema, que debe fomentar y facilitar la formación de sus enfermeras

Training aspects are essential for the development of any discipline. The nursing science has undergone profound and positive changes in its most recent history, which have culminated with its academic development into a Bachelor's degree, with the possibility of accessing Nursing Master's and PhD's. In our study, we analyzed the real situation of higher Nursing education, reflecting on its background. It's proven that the academic and training level of nurses is key for the success of Health Services, including: the improvement of patient safety and health outcomes (decrease in hospital mortality, less unwanted events such as medication errors, falls, pressure ulcers), and a global improvement in the quality of care. This has a double-pronged impact, reflected on nurses' acquired social role and recognition. Access to higher academic development through Masters (focused both on specialization or research) and/or PhD programs, in addition to contributing to the discipline's development, improves care and allows for the unfolding of new responsibilities and advanced roles. Highly trained nurses don't only display a higher professional quality, but are also more efficient for the system, which should in return encourage and facilitate the training of its nurses

Efectividad de un programa formativo en reanimación cardiopulmonar en docentes de educación secundaria en el medio rural. Estudio piloto / A pilot study on the effectiveness of a training program in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for high school teachers in rural areas

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de un programa formativo en reanimación cardiopulmonar con manejo de desfibrilador externo semiautomático en docentes de un Instituto de Educación Secundaria en el medio rural. Metodología. Estudio cuasiexperimental mediante muestreo por conveniencia. La duración total del programa formativo fue de 10 horas repartidas en 4 sesiones. Al inicio y final del programa formativo se administró a todos los participantes un cuestionario con 5 preguntas. Participantes. 15 docentes de un Instituto de Educación Secundaria perteneciente a la provincia de Teruel. Emplazamiento. Las sesiones formativas se llevaron a cabo en el propio instituto. Mediciones principales. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 21, con un IC del 95 %. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo: para variables cuantitativas (media y DE±) y para variables cualitativas frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados. Un 73.3 % de los participantes fueron mujeres y un 26.7 % hombres. La media de edad de los participantes fue de 44.8 años. En el cuestionario pretest se observó que un 93.4 % de los participantes obtuvieron calificaciones de «no apto» y tan solo un 6.7 % obtuvo una calificación de «apto». En el cuestionario de evaluación postest se observó que el 100 % de los participantes obtuvieron calificaciones de «apto». La prueba de Wilcoxon constata que el programa formativo consiguió una eficacia elevada. Conclusiones. Los programas formativos pueden servir para estimular el desarrollo de nuevos programas de formación. Este tipo de formaciones resultan efectivas y deberían formar parte en la educación obligatoria en España (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a training program in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, targeting high school teachers in rural areas for semi-automated external defibrillator management. Methodology. Quasi-experimental study using convenience sampling. The program lasted 10 hours, distributed among 4 sessions. At the beginning and end of the training program all participants answered a 5-issue questionnaire, which rated them as «suitable» or «unfit» to perform cardiorespiratory resuscitation. Participants. 15 high school teachers from Teruel province. LOCATION. The training sessions were conducted at the school premises. Main measurements. Program SPSS version 21 was used. The confidence interval was of 95 %. A descriptive analysis for quantitative (mean and SD ±) variables, qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages was performed. Results. 73.3 % of participants were women and 26.7 % men. The average age of participants was 44.8 years. For the pre-test questionnaire, 93.4 % of participants received «unfit» grades and only 6.7 % were rated as «suitable». In the posttraining evaluation questionnaire, 100 % of participants were graded as «suitable». Wilcoxon test established that the training program was highly efficient. Conclusions. Training programs make a difference in the capacity to correctly perform life-saving interventions. They also stimulate the development of new and better training programs. Such trainings are very effective and should be included as part of Spain’s compulsory education (AU)

Prevalence of Depression and Associated Factors in Non-institutionalized Older Adults With a Previous History of Falling.

The purpose of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of depression and associated factors in people aged 65 or older with a history of falling in the last 12months. A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed involving a random sample of 213 participants from two social centers for older adults in the city of Zaragoza (Spain). The mean age of the participants was 77.3years (SD±7.0). Our findings reveal a prevalence of depression of 28.2% in the study sample, with older adults who were at a high risk of falling being more susceptible to developing depression. In conclusion, one in three elderly people who were at risk of suffering a fall in the 12months prior to data collection had symptoms of depression. This is in agreement with the results from previous studies, which confirm that there is a high prevalence of depression in elderly patients with a previous history of falls.

Prevalencia del diagnóstico de demencia en pacientes ancianos institucionalizados en Zaragoza. Estudio piloto / Prevalence of dementia patients diagnosis of elderly home care in Zaragoza. Pilot study

Introducción. El proceso de envejecimiento biológico de las personas es irreversible, y comienza prácticamente desde el nacimiento. Los avances sociales y sanitarios han hecho que la esperanza de vida aumente de forma exponencial, lo cual ha producido que los síndromes asociados al envejecimiento se conviertan en uno de los principales problemas del siglo XXI. Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas constituyen el paradigma de enfermedad crónica incapacitante. Las personas con demencia suelen ser los usuarios más habituales en las residencias de la tercera edad. Aquellos que padecen demencia, además de padecer una alteración importante en las funciones cognitivas, pueden presentar los llamados síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de la demencia (SPCD). Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia del diagnóstico de demencia en la población de una residencia geriátrica y cuántos usuarios presentan deterioro cognitivo sin estar diagnosticados. Conclusiones. Existe un porcentaje importante de usuarios que presentan deterioro cognitivo en las pruebas diagnósticas sin estar diagnosticados de demencia (AU)

Introduction. The process of biological aging of people is irreversible, and starts virtually from birth. Health and social advances have made life expectancy increases exponentially, making the syndromes associated with aging become one of the main problems of the XXI century. Neurodegenerative diseases are the paradigm of chronic disabling disease. People with dementia are often the most regular users in the elderly care homes. They also suffer significant alterations in cognitive functions, and may have the so-called psychological and behavioural symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Objectives. To determine the prevalence of diagnosis of dementia in the population of a nursing home and how many users present undiagnosed cognitive impairment. Conclusions. There are a significant percentage of users who have cognitive impairment in diagnostic tests without being diagnosed with dementia (AU)

[Prevalence of Dementia Patients Diagnosis of Elderly Home Care in Zaragoza: Pilot Study]. / Prevalencia del diagnóstico de demencia en pacientes ancianos institucionalizados en Zaragoza.

Introduction: The process of biological aging of people is irreversible, and starts virtually from birth. Health and social advances have made life expectancy increases exponentially, making the syndromes associated with aging become one of the main problems of the XXI century. Neurodegenerative diseases are the paradigm of chronic disabling disease. People with dementia are often the most regular users in the elderly care homes. They also suffer significant alterations in cognitive functions, and may have the so-called physiological and behavioural symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Objectives: To determine the prevalence of diagnosis of dementia in the population of a nursing home and how many users present undiagnosed cognitive impairment. Conclusions: There are a significant percentage of users who have cognitive impairment in diagnostic tests without being diagnosed with dementia.

Protocolo de actuación en el triaje del lactante / Protocol in the triage of infant

INTRODUCCIÓN. El sistema de triaje del lactante se utiliza en las unidades de Urgencias para poder establecer por medio de un protocolo, las situaciones realmente vitales y clasificar al lactante con un nivel de prioridad determinado. El triaje de este tipo de pacientes resulta complejo por las propias características del mismo y es necesario establecer un protocolo claro para la atención de este tipo de pacientes. OBJETIVO. El objetivo de este estudio es definir e identificar y mejorar las actuaciones enfermeras en el área de triaje con este tipo de pacientes con el fin de potenciar una mejora en la seguridad del paciente y optimización del servicio de Urgencias. CONCLUSIONES. Se identifica claramente por la mayoría de los autores y expertos la importancia de la formación por parte de enfermería, la experiencia de los profesionales en las unidades de Urgencias Pediátricas y la implementación de servicios que complementen la atención al paciente lactante (AU)

INTRODUCTION. Infant triage system is used in emergency units to establish by means of a protocol, the really vital situations and classify the infant with a certain level of priority. Triage of these patients is complex due to the characteristics of the same and it is necessary to establish a clear protocol for the care of these patients. OBJECTIVE. This study's objective is to define, identify and improve nursery performance on triage's area with this kind of patients with the aim to develope an improvement on patient's welfare and the optimisation of the emergencies service. CONCLUSIONS. It is clearly identified by most authors and experts the importance of nursing training from the experience of professionals in pediatric emergency units and implementation of services that complement the infant patient care (AU)

[CONSEQUENCES OF FALLS IN A GERIATRIC NURSING CENTER FOR VALID. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY]. / Consecuencias de las caídas en un centro geriátrico para ancianos válidos. ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO.

OBJECTIVE: To address the immediate consequences produced in the falls suffered by valid institutionalized elderly population' in the last twelve months. METHOD: A cross sectional study, by personal interview. Simple random sampling was performed. The study area corresponded to a private nursing home. The measuring instruments used in the study were the Mini Mental State Examination Lobo (MEC-35, 1979) to initially assess the level of cognitive development elderly study participants, and the WHO questionnaire for the study of falls in the elder 1989. RESULTS: Of the 21 drops produced in the last twelve months was found that 61.9% of falls were female, compared to 38.1% who relapsed in males. 52.4% of falls are not caused any consequences. 28.6% of falls caused superficial injuries and/or bruises, while the proportion of fractures corresponded to 19% for both sexes. Most of the falls did not produce immediate consequences whose percentage was 52.4% of cases. Second are superficial wounds and/or bruises with 28.6% and finally fractures with a ratio of 19%. CONCLUSIONS: The investigators considered the necessity of involvement of health professionals and the implementation ofpreventive strategies that can reduce the prevalence of falls. Thiswill successfully improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Consecuencias de las caídas en un centro geriátrico para ancianos válidos. Estudio descriptivo / Consequences of falls in a geriatric nursing center for valid. Descriptive study

Objetivo. Conocer las consecuencias inmediatas producidas en las caídas que sufre la población anciana válida institucionalizada en los últimos doce meses. Método. Estudio descriptivo trasversal, mediante entrevista personal. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple. El ámbito de estudio correspondió a un centro geriátrico privado. Los instrumentos de medida utilizados en el estudio fueron el Mini Examen Cognoscitivo de Lobo (MEC-35, 1979) para valorar inicialmente el nivel cognitivo de los ancianos participantes en el estudio, y el cuestionario de la OMS para el estudio de caídas en el anciano 1989. Resultados. De las 21 caídas producidas en los últimos doce meses se comprobó que el 61.9 % de ellas correspondieron al sexo femenino, frente al 38.1 %, que recayeron en el sexo masculino. En el 52.4 % de los casos, las caídas no ocasionaron ninguna consecuencia. El 28.6 % de las caídas ocasionaron heridas superficiales o contusiones, mientras que la proporción de fracturas correspondió a un 19 % para ambos sexos. La mayoría de las caídas no produjeron consecuencias inmediatas (el 52.4 % de los casos). En segundo lugar, encontramos las heridas superficiales o contusiones, con un 28.6 %, y finalmente las fracturas, con una proporción del 19 %. Conclusiones: Los investigadores del estudio consideran necesario la implicación de los profesionales sanitarios y la implementación de estrategias preventivas que logren disminuir la prevalencia de caídas. Esto permitirá mejorar satisfactoriamente la calidad de vida de nuestros mayores (AU)

Objective. To address the immediate consequences produced in the falls suffered by valid institutionalized elderly population in the last twelve months. Method. A cross sectional study, by personal interview. Simple random sampling was performed. The study area corresponded to a private nursing home. The measuring instruments used in the study were the Mini Mental State Examination Lobo (MEC- 35, 1979) to initially assess the level of cognitive development elderly study participants, and the WHO questionnaire for the study of falls in the elder 1989. Results. Of the 21 drops produced in the last twelve months was found that 61.9 % of falls were female, compared to 38.1 % who relapsed in males. 52.4 % of falls are not caused any consequences. 28.6 % of falls caused superficial injuries and/or bruises, while the proportion of fractures corresponded to 19 % for both sexes. Most of the falls did not produce immediate consequences whose percentage was 52.4 % of cases. Second are superficial wounds and/or bruises with 28.6 % and finally fractures with a ratio of 19 %. Conclusions. The investigators considered the necessity of involvement of health professionals and the implementation of preventive strategies that can reduce the prevalence of falls. This will successfully improve the quality of life of the elderly (AU)

[GUIDE TO DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROJECT. PART TWO]. / Guía de elaboración de un proyecto de investigación. Segunda parte.

This work aims to develop a practical guide to writing a research project.

[GUIDE TO DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROJECT. PART ONE]. / Guía de eLaboración de un proyecto de investigación. PRIMERA PARTE.

This work aims to develop a practical guide to writing a research project.