Osteonecrosis of the Hip Misdiagnosed as Lumbar-Disc Herniation: Тhree Case Studies.

Disc herniation and hip-joint pathology may present with overlapping symptoms, complicating the diagnosis and treatment strategy in some cases. To ensure a correct diagnosis, this study emphasizes the need for imaging methods like MRI scans of the hip joints, complementary to the lumbar spine, when in doubt of coexisting hip pathology with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation. A typical complaint in clinical practice among patients with lumbar disc herniation is chronic back pain, often radiating down the legs. Although there could be considerable overlap in pain between hip joint issues and disc herniation, the etiology of these two conditions might differ. In these situations, a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is crucial, as demonstrated by the three clinical case studies provided here. This article underscores the importance of conducting thorough imaging tests such as hip-joint and spine MRI scans to accurately differentiate among various disorders. Pathologies such as avascular necrosis can go unnoticed on X-rays of the hip joint, but an MRI scan provides a more precise diagnosis in these situations. The cases described here highlight the challenge of differentiating between hip-joint pathology and disc herniation due to their similar symptoms. For a diagnosis to be made quickly and accurately, modern imaging techniques must be used in conjunction with a comprehensive diagnostic approach and physical examination, which will improve patient outcomes and enable proper management.

1H and 13C NMR analysis of the neo-clerodane diterpenoid scutecyprin.

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the neo-clerodane diterpenoid scutecyprin were completely assigned by using a combination of 2D NMR experiments, which included 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY sequences.

Neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Scutellaria galericulata.

Four neo-clerodane diterpenoids, neoajugapyrin A, scutegalerins A and B and scutecolumnin C have been isolated from the acetone extract of the aerial parts of Scutellaria galericulata. Neoajugapyrin A and scutecolumnin C are reported in this species for the first time, whereas scutegalerins A and B are new compounds. NMR data of neoajugapyrin A ar e discussed i n detail t o support t he proposed revised structure of ajugapyrin A.

INFERCNMR: a 13C NMR interpretive library search system.

INFERCNMR is an automated (13)C NMR spectrum interpretation aid for use either as a stand-alone program or as a component of a comprehensive, computer-based system for the characterization of chemical structure. The program is an interpretive library search which requires a database of assigned (13)C NMR spectra. An interpretive library search does not require overall structural similarity between an unknown and a library entry in order to retrieve a substructure common to both. Input consists of the chemical shift and one-bond proton-carbon multiplicity of each signal in the spectrum, and the molecular formula of the unknown. Program output is one or more substructures predicted to be present in the unknown, each of which is assigned an estimated prediction accuracy.

A complete 1H and 13C NMR data assignment for 3-phenylmethylene-1H,3H-naphtho-[1,8-c,d]-pyran-1-one.

Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for 3-phenylmethylene-1H,3H-naphtho-[1,8-c,d]-pyran-1-one were done by means of one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, including 1H-(1)H COSY, HMQC and HMBC spectra. Ab initio quantum chemistry calculations and a shift prediction by an incremental method provided values close to the proposed assignments. All mid-IR spectral bands are given as reference data. The DRIFT FTIR, ATR FTIR and Raman spectra are given as a Supplementary data in JCAMP-DX format, version 4.24. In addition, a method of compound's synthesis, that has the product yield higher as compared to already known data in the literature, is given.