[The clinical value of radical resection of retroperitoneal lipo-lymphatic layer for pancreatic head cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of the novel approach,radical resection of the retroperitoneal lipo-lymphatic layer (RRRLLL),in the surgical treatment of resectable pancreatic head cancer. Methods: Between June 2020 and June 2022,a total of 221 patients with pancreatic head cancer underwent surgical treatment using the RRRLLL approach(RRRLLL group),while 107 patients received traditional surgical treatment(traditional group) in five high-volume pancreatic centers in China. Data from surgical technique and clinical perioperative outcomes,including lymph node harvested,surgical time,and complications,were analyzed. The RRRLLL group consisted of 144 males and 77 females with an age of (67.5±9.0) years(range:41.3 to 81.1 years). The traditional group included 71 males and 36 females,with an age of (66.3±8.1) years(range:45.1 to 79.2 years). Statistical analysis was performed using the K-S test,Z test,or χ2 test. Results: Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed successfully in all patients,achieving R0 resection. RRRLLL group surgery required mobilization of retroperitoneal adipose and lymphatic tissues starting from the right edge of the inferior vena cava and extending to the left side,up to the superior mesenteric artery,down to the inferior mesenteric artery,and left to the left side of the aorta,including the perineural and lymphatic tissues around the superior mesenteric artery and the sheath of the mesenteric artery. However,the traditional group did not include the areas mentioned above in the scope of clearance. There were no statistically significant differences between the RRRLLL group and the traditional group in terms of age,sex,tumor size,T stage,and vascular invasion (all P>0.05). However,the number of lymph nodes harvested in the RRRLLL group was significantly higher at 28.7±9.0 (range: 18 to 39) compared to 18.2±8.0 (range: 12 to 21) in the traditional group (Z=-10.691,P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of positive lymph nodes,N staging,and postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusion: The RRRLLL approach improved lymph node dissection compared to the traditional approach,potentially leading to reduced recurrence rates.

[Progress in surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava].

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system,which is prone to be associated with microvascular or macrovascular invasion. Among them,HCC with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus(IVCTT) or right atrium tumor thrombus(RATT) is rare and has a poor prognosis. However,surgical treatment of HCC with IVCTT and (or) RATT is rarely reported and summarized. The review described the classification of HCC tumor thrombus with IVCTT and (or) RATT, summarized the progress of surgical approaches and surgical operations,and introduced a case of thrombectomy after pushing from the outer surface of the atrium,rendering the RATT to the inferior vena cava under non-cardiopulmonary bypass. The review also proposed the prospective treatments for HCC with IVCTT or RATT,providing clinical guidance to hepatobiliary surgeons.

Effect of the age and sex on growth performance and feather quality of 13 to 25-weeks-old White Roman geese.

This study aimed to determine the effect of age and sex in weeks on growth, carcass performances, and feather quality of White Roman geese and analyze the relative effect of age and sex in weeks on feather characteristics in geese. In animal experiments, 120 White Roman geese aged 13 wk were randomly distributed among 12 pens and fed grower diet ad libitum during the growing period, with each pen containing 10 males or 10 females, depending on a completely random design. Ten geese each in their 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, and 25 wk of age were sacrificed. The results showed that the age had no significant effect on the body weight (BW) of geese (P > 0.05). The chest girth was significantly longer in 21 to 25 wk old than in 13- to 19-wk-old geese (P < 0.05). The results reveal no significant change in carcass weight of grower geese among 13- to 25-wk age groups (P > 0.05). The down percentage of the 25-wk-old age group was significantly higher than that of the 13-, 15-, and 17-wk age groups (P < 0.05). The male geese had a higher dry feather weight than the females (P < 0.05). Similarly, the 18-h feed-deprived body weight (18-h FDBW) and 4 to 10 cm feather weight were significantly negatively correlated in grower geese (-0.42). This provides the feather industry an opportunity for the better utilization of grower geese by-products. In conclusion, the age has no influence on BW among 13- to 25-wk-old geese, and a good down percentage and dry weight were observed at 25 wk of age. The 18-h FDBW and down percentage had a significantly negative correlation (-0.55) in grower geese.

[Application of membrane anatomy in hepatopancreatobiliary and splenic surgery].

Understanding of a variety of membranous structures throughout the body,such as the fascia,the serous membrane,is of great importance to surgeons. This is especially valuable in abdominal surgery. With the rise of membrane theory in recent years,membrane anatomy has been widely recognized in the treatment of abdominal tumors,especially of gastrointestinal tumors. In clinical practice. The appropriate choice of intramembranous or extramembranous anatomy is appropriate to achieve precision surgery. Based on the current research results,this article described the application of membrane anatomy in the field of hepatobiliary surgery,pancreatic surgery,and splenic surgery,with the aim of blazed the path from modest beginnings.

[Prevalence and treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease patients based on regional medical big data].

Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A descriptive method was used to analyze the prevalence and treatment of anemia in CKD patients based on regional health data in Yinzhou District of Ningbo during 2012-2018. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influence factors of anemia in the CKD patients. Results: In 52 619 CKD patients, 15 639 suffered from by anemia (29.72%), in whom 5 461 were men (26.41%) and 10 178 were women (31.87%), and anemia prevalence was higher in women than in men, the difference was significant (P<0.001). The prevalence of anemia increased with stage of CKD (24.77% in stage 1 vs. 69.42% in stage 5, trend χ2 test P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that being women (aOR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.50-1.63), CKD stage (stage 2: aOR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.16;stage 3: aOR=2.28,95%CI: 2.12-2.44;stage 4: aOR=4.49,95%CI :3.79-5.32;stage 5: aOR=6.31,95%CI: 4.74-8.39), age (18-30 years old: aOR=2.40,95%CI: 2.24-2.57, 61-75 years old: aOR=1.35,95%CI:1.28-1.42, ≥76 years old: aOR=2.37,95%CI:2.20-2.55), BMI (<18.5 kg/m2:aOR=1.29,95%CI: 1.18-1.41;23.0-24.9 kg/m2:aOR=0.79,95%CI: 0.75-0.83;≥25.0 kg/m2:aOR=0.70,95%CI: 0.66-0.74), abdominal obesity (aOR=0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.96), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.09-1.22), cancer (aOR=3.03, 95%CI: 2.84-3.23), heart failure (aOR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54) and myocardial infarction (aOR=1.54, 95%CI:1.16-2.04) were independent risk factors of anemia in CKD patients. Among stage 3-5 CKD patients with anemia, 12.03% received iron therapy, and 4.78% received treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) within 12 months after anemia was diagnosed. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in CKD patients was high in Yinzhou. However, the treatment rate of iron therapy and ESA were low. More attention should be paid to the anemia management and treatment in CKD patients.

Relationship between the abdominal sagging index and the reproductive performance of the Roman goose.

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to explore the changes in the observed abdominal sagging index (ASI) and reproductive performance of Roman male and female geese during the breeding period. METHODS: The 339 six-month-old breeding geese (109 male; 230 female) were used in this study, in which five male and five female geese were slaughtered on a monthly basis to record the ASI. RESULTS: The short diameter of the testes of the male goose when the female goose lays eggs and in the second, third, and fourth months was significantly wider than in the fifth months (19.0, 20.8, 21.4, and 19.6 vs 12.7 and 14.0 mm/bird; p = 0.0105). On the other hand, the testicular weight of the male goose in the second and third months after the female goose lays eggs was significantly higher than that in the second and fifth months after laying (0.33% and 0.37% vs 0.11% and 0.19%; p = 0.0212). During the exploring period, the length and weight of the fallopian tube, the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles in 2 to 3 cm, the number of follicles in 3 to 4 cm, the fallopian tube weight in the carcass weight percentage, and the ovary weight in the carcass weight percentage all demonstrated a significant curve response. Further, female ASI was positively correlated with reproductive tract length (r = 0.815; p<0.05) and egg production per female (r = 0.790; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The ASI classification method is more objective and easy to distinguish. This scoring method has a high correlation with the number of eggs laid by each goose and the length of the reproductive tract, inferring that the goose observation could take advantage of ASI during egg-laying and can predict the reproductive system development during the laying period and determine when the breeding goose begins to lay eggs.

[The clinical value of classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on actual anatomy].

Objective: To examine the significance and prognostic value of the classification of hilar cholangiocarcinoma based on actual anatomical location. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted including 120 patients of hilar cholangiocarcinoma treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were classified for seven types according to the site of tumor location. The clinicopathological and prognostic data of 120 patients were retrospectively analyzed(There were 57 males and 63 females,the age (M(IQR)) was 61(22)years(range:42 to 85 years)). All patients received radical resection without visible intraoperative tumor residue and negative bile duct resection margin according to intraoperative pathological biopsy. The classification variables were analyzed by Pearson χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test,one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox proportional risk model was used for prognostic factors. Results: The coincidence rate of preoperative surgical planning and actual operational styles was verified in 33 cases. Twenty-six cases were consistent,and 7 cases were inconsistent,with a coincidence rate of 78.8%. According to the actual anatomical location,patients in type of secondary branch experienced a significantly longer operation duration,a higher portal vein resection rate,margin positive rate and more advanced T stage(all P<0.05). The median overall survival time of the unilateral main trunck group was 27.0 months,and the bilateral group was 17.0 months. Survival analysis based on the tumor classification of the actual anatomical location showed that the unilateral or main trunck group predicted less aggressive clinical features and favorable outcomes(HR=1.931,95%CI:1.066 to 3.499,P<0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the actual anatomical location of the tumor type(HR=2.269,95%CI:1.333 to 3.861,P=0.003),combined liver resection(HR=0.464,95%CI:0.253 to 0.848,P=0.013) and N stage(HR=6.317,95%CI:3.083 to 12.944,P<0.01) were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients. Conclusion: The classification based on the actual anatomy can be used as a promising scheme in refining patient stratification and predicting survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and it can guide the selection of surgical methods,and predict operative safety and radical resection rate.

[Clinical application of bipolar tweezers-clamp for hepatic parenchymal transection].

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of the bipolar tweezers-clamp for the hepatic parenchymal transection in the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: From January 2020 to January 2021,63 patients with the hepatocellular carcinoma for hepatectomy at Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery,Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different instruments used in the hepatic parenchymal transection,the patients were divided into bipolar tweezers-clamp group and ultrasonic scalpel group.There were 32 patients in bipolar tweezers-clamp group,with age of (55.5±10.5)years(range:37 to 78 years),including 22 males and 10 females,tumor size was (6.0±3.4)cm(range:2.4 to 13.4 cm). There were 6 patients with portal vein tumor thrombus and 5 patients with portal hypertension. There were 31 patients in ultrasonic scalpel group,with aged(57.8±10.1)years(range:37 to 79 years),including 27males and 4 females,tumor size was(7.9±5.1)cm(range: 2.4 to 21.3 cm),3 patients with portal vein tumor thrombus and 2 patients with portal hypertension. The preoperative baseline data,operation time,blood loss,postoperative liver function and the complications were compared between two groups using t test,χ2 test and Fisher exact probabilityrespectively. Results: The operation was successfully completed in both groups.Compared with the ultrasonic scalpel group,the operation time was significantly shorter((219.3±76.4)minutes vs.(294.0±100.8)minutes,t=-3.322,P=0.002),the blood loss was less((250(475)ml vs. 500(1 050)ml,t=-2.307,P=0.026),the concentrate red blood cells transfusion volume was less(0.92(0.88)U vs. 2.32(4.00)U,Z=-1.987,P=0.047) in the bipolar tweezers-clamp group.The postoperative serum ALB level was higher in the bipolar tweezers-clamp group than that in the ultrasonic scalpel group((33.5±6.1)g/L vs. (29.5±4.2)g/L,t=3.226,P=0.020) on postoperative day 1;((35.7±4.5)g/L vs.(30.1±3.2)g/L,t=5.575,P<0.01) on postoperative day 3;((33.2±3.7)g/L vs. (31.0±4.4)g/L,t=3.020,P=0.004) on postoperative day 7. There was no significant difference in serum ALT,TBIL and PT level between the two groups(all P>0.05).No postoperative bile leakage occurred in both groups.The postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases(25.0%)in the bipolar tweezers-clamp group,including liver failure in one,and in 11 cases(35.5%)in the ultrasonic scalpel group,including liver failure in two(P>0.05). Conclusion: The bipolar tweezers-clamp is a safe and reliable method for the hepatic parenchymal transaction,which is quick and less bleeding during the hepatic resection.

[Ten-year retrospect of ALPPS in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma:an eternal concept with cautious technologic choice].

Clinical practice using associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) or its modified procedures in treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with insufficient future liver remnant(FLR) in the past 10 years has failed to meet our expectations both in achieving decreased perioperative complications and mortality.The efficacy of ALPPS in improving long-term survival outcome of HCC still remains poor.Due to the trauma of two surgery within a short period,and patients with inadequate FLR are all diagnosed at advanced disease stages,ALPPS can only achieve surgical rather than biological tumor-curability.Previous studies have demonstrated comparable 5-year survival rates between early and advanced stages of HCC who underwent regional treatments.Therefore,tumor biological conversion is the key strategy prior to liver remnant volume conversion in improving treatment outcomes for HCC patients with insufficient FLR.Target therapy,immunotherapy together with locally treatment were expected to improve the conversion efficacy.Looking back at the development of ALPPS for the last decade,the rapid proliferation of FLR should be passed on,while the technology costs high risks and result in poor long-term outcome must be cautiously selected.

Upper Limb Lymphedema Impacts the Risk of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Patients with Breast Cancer.

There is little information on the risk for catheter-related thrombosis in patients with upper limb lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. We investigated the association between upper limb lymphedema and the risk of peripherally inserted central catheterrelated thrombosis (PICC-RT) occurring in the contralateral limb of patients with breast cancer. A retrospective review analyzed all patients with breast cancer who underwent PICC insertion at a cancer hospital in Hunan Province from 2015 to 2019. Upper limb lymphedema was indexed from hospital information system (HIS) before the occurrence of PICC-RT developed in the contralateral limb. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of factors with outcome. A total of 1,262 patient records were found and 50 cases of PICC-RT were identified. Forty of these occurred in patients without lymphedema (n=1,236) and 10 in patients with upper limb lymphedema (n=26). After adjustment for various co-variables, Cox regression analysis showed that upper limb lymphedema was significantly associated with increased risk of PICC-RT (hazard ratio=12.128, 95% confidence interval=5.551-26.501; P<0.001). In breast cancer patients, upper limb lymphedema may be an important predictor for PICC-RT in the contralateral limb and information should be provided to patients.

[The clinical value of terminal branches portal vein embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with insufficient future liver remnant].

Objectives: To examine the efficacy of terminal branches portal vein embolization(TBPVE) for the increment of FLR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and to introduce its clinical value with transcatheter chemoembolization(TACE) in the treatment of HCC patients without surgery. Methods: One hundred and fifty HCC patients from three clinical centers of china underwent TBPVE technique from December 2016 to May 2021,including 89 males and 61 females. The average age was 51.9 years(range:18 to 79 years).One hundred and one patients were diagnosed with a background of HBV infection,including 27 patients with portal venous hypertension.TACE was performed simultaneously with TBPVE in 102 patients.Fifty-three patients underwent hepatectomy,who were subdivided into HBV positive and HBV negative groups,with TACE and without TACE groups to analyze the increment of future liver remnant (FLR), complications and survival data.These data were also analyzed in other 97 patients without hepatectomy. Results: All the patients reached adequate FLR successfully in 14 days after TBPVE including patients with portal venous hypertension.The average increment rates of FLR was 56.2% in 7 days and 57.8% in 14 days after TBPVE. There was no significant difference neither between HBV positive and HBV negative groups(7 days:(55.0±27.3)% vs.(57.8±20.9)%,t=0.885,P=0.373; 14 days:(57.3±24.6)% vs.(58.3±23.7)%;t=0.801,P=0.447),or between with TACE and without TACE groups(7 days:(62.3±26.3)% vs. (48.8±20.6)%;t=1.788,P=0.077;14 days:(64.4±25.0)% vs.(55.2±23.1)%;t=1.097,P=0.257).The morbidity and mortality rates were 20.8% and 1.9% in patients with hepatectomy.The 1-,3-year overall survival(OS) and disease-free(DFS) rates were 87.5%,64.5% and 64.7%,40.6% for patients underwent surgery.There was no significant difference of 1-,3-year OS and DFS between HBV positive and negative groups,but there were different between TACE and without TACE groups.The 1-,3-year OS for patients underwent TBPVE and TACE but without surgery were 80.1%, 53.7%. Conclusion: TBPVE is a good alternative technique for modulation of FLR for staged hepatectomy even in HBV positive HCC patients and can be applied with TACE procedure simultaneously as an option treatment for patients with no intend to surgery.

[A new classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on actual anatomy:a series of 135 cases].

Objective: To explore the feasibility and clinical value of a new classification for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) according to the actual anatomy. Methods: The data of 135 patients with IHCC who were admitted to the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2011 to November 2020 after discussion by a multidisciplinary team and planned to undergo radical resection were analyzed retrospectively. There were 77 males and 58 females,with a median age of 61 years (range:26 to 86 years),of which 38 cases had vascular invasion. This new classification was carried out independently by two hepatobiliary surgeons. First,a preliminary classification was made based on the location of the tumor,and then the final classification was based on vascular invasion. All patients were followed up by telephone,and the follow-up was as of November 2020. Survival time is defined as the time after surgery to follow-up or death. Log-rank test was used to compare patients' median recurrence-free survival and overall survival time. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the prognosis factors of the overall survival time of patients with IHCC. Results: Among the 135 patients,129 underwent R0 resection and 6 underwent R1 resection. According to the actual anatomy,28 cases (20.7%) belonged to segmental type, 43 cases (31.9%) belonged to branch type, 64 cases (47.4%). The median survival time of all patients was 35.2 months(95%CI:21.3 to 70.5 months),the 1-year cumulative survival rate was 75.1%,the 3-year cumulative survival rate was 45.8%,and the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 39.0%. After grouping according to the classification,the median survival time of segmental patients was 36.9 months (more than 50% of patients reached the median survival time),and the median survival time of branched patients was 33.8 months (95%CI:16.8 to 38.5);The median survival time of lobe patients was 25.0 months (95%CI:13.6 to 58.7). The result of Log-rank test between groups indicated that the median survival time of patients with segmental type was better than that of patients with branch and lobe type(HR=2.03,95%CI:1.24 to 3.64,P=0.006);There was no significant difference in survival time between patients with branch type and lobe type (P=0.685). The results of the multivariate analysis of the Cox risk ratio model suggested that the actual anatomical location classification (HR=2.32,95%CI:1.10 to 4.92,P=0.028) and the postoperative lymph node metastasis rate (HR=2.06,95%CI:1.24 to 3.45,P=0.005) were independent factors related to survival after radical resection of IHCC patients. Conclusion: It is simple and convenient to classify resectable IHCC by actual anatomy,which can be used to preliminarily judge the prognosis of patients and provide a feasible classification scheme for the clinic.

[Clinical experience of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy via orthotopic resection].

Objective: To examine the surgical approach, practical cognition as well as clinical effect of the orthotopic resection for laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy(OLPD). Methods: From March 2019 to December 2019, 32 cases were treated with laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) in a novel approach without mobilization of pancreatoduodenum in Pancreas Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.There were 16 male patients and 16 female patients.The mean age was (64.8±9.5) years old.Body mass index was 14.9 to 31.0 kg/m(2).All patients were diagnosed as ampullary or pancreatic head tumors and were not unresectable cases.In the surgical strategy, Kocher's dissociation, turning and pulling of the pancreaticoduodenal region, was not performed first.Anatomy in situ, separation of vessels which enter and exit from pancreas, separation of lymphatics and isolation of tumors were carried out in priority through the combined middle and left posterior approaches.Finally, the pancreatic head and duodenum region was mobilized and the entire resection of pancreas in situ was carried out.Digestive tract reconstruction was performed through Child method. Results: Postoperative pathology showed that 27 cases were pancreatic or ampullary malignant tumors and five cases were benign tumors among 32 patients.The operative time was (357.3±64.3) minutes.The diameter of pancreatic ducts was (3.0±1.0) mm. The pancreas of 20 cases (62.5%) were soft. Five patients suffered from pancreatic fistula (Grade B) and one patient suffered from intra-abdominal hemorrhage postoperatively.No other complications like pancreatic fistula (Grade C) or biliary fistula delayed gastric emptying or mortality were encountered.The postoperative hospital day was (13.7±3.6) days. Conclusions: Combining the multi-angle of the laparoscopic approaches and excising the pancreaticoduodenal specimen in situ, OLPD is a kind of surgical method which can realize the concept of no touch tumor surgery.Patients who undergo the OLPD can receive better treatments and results.

[Analysis of treatment modalities and prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn't be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%. Conclusions: More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Impervious Surface Area and Water Quality Response in the Fuxian Lake Watershed.

The increase of urbanization level has led to the rapid increase of impervious surface area (ISA). The aim of this work is to clarify the relationship between the ISA and water quality and lay a foundation for the improvement and protection of the water quality in the basin. Taking the Fuxian Lake Basin in Yunnan Province as an example, based on the Landsat ETM+ remote sensing image and the Gram-Schmidt (GS) image fusion algorithm, the four-terminal model and the linear spectral mixture model (LSMM) were used to extract the impervious surface of the watershed from 2006 to 2015. And statistical methods were used to distinguish its relationship with water quality. The results show that the four-terminal model and the linear spectral mixture model can effectively extract the impervious surface information of the Fuxian Lake Basin. The average root mean square error (RMS) of the image decomposition results from 2006 to 2015 was less than 0.02. In the past 10 years, the ISA has changed significantly in the Fuxian Lake Basin. The ISA showed an overall upward trend from 2006 to 2015. It increased from 24.73 km2 in 2006 to 35.14 km2 in 2015, an increase of 10.81 km2. From the value anomaly, the ISA in 2006 and 2009 is lower than the multiyear average, and those in the other years are higher than the multiyear average. The percentage of ISA in the basin was significantly positively correlated with Chemical Oxygen Demand-Mn (CODMn) and total phosphorus (TP) (r is 0.772, 0.763), and the correlation in the flooding season was greater than that in the dry season. The ISA threshold for water quality deterioration is around 10% in the Fuxian Lake Basin. Reducing ISA coverage, controlling ISA to less than 10%, and preventing nonpoint source pollution during flooding season will be the best measures to effectively improve the water quality environment in the basin.

Decreased expression of SorCS1 in colorectal cancer: An independent predictor of poor prognosis.

Previously, we identified that sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1 (SorCS1) was hypermethylated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between CRC and SorCS1. DNA methylation was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) or quantitative real-time methylation analysis (MethyLight). Colorectal cancer tissue specimens from 239 patients that had undergone surgical treatment were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for the expression of SorCS1 and correlated with clinicopathological variables and prognosis. We found that SorCS1 was hypermethylated in CRC cell lines and 67.5% (27/40) CRC tumor tissues. The loss of SorCS1 mRNA (p<0.001) and protein expression (p=0.033) were highly correlated with promoter methylation. In addition, SorCS1 expression was significantly increased in younger patients (p=0.006), low CEA level (p<0.001) and pT1-2 stage (p=0.005). Survival analysis revealed that decreased expression of SorCS1 was an independent factor for predicting the increased risk of recurrence (p=0.024) and poor overall survival (p=0.006). Subgroup analysis for CEA level, pT and pN classifications showed that SorCS1 retained its stratified significance only in patients with low CEA level, pT3-4 tumors and pN1-2 lymph node status. Our findings suggest that SorCS1 is epigenetically inactivated in a substantial fraction of CRC, and its expression may be a promising prognostic factor in CRC patients.

Synergistic O2-/Li+ Dual Ion Transportation at Atomic Scale.

The ion migration during electrochemical process is a fundamental scientific issue for phase transition behavior and of technical importance for various functional devices, where cations or anions are active under electrical bias. Usually only one type of functional ion, O2- or Li+, is activated due to their different migration energy barriers, cooperated by the valence change of other immobile ions in the host lattice matrix, e.g., Co2+/Co3+ and Mn3+/Mn4+ redox couples, owing to the charge neutralization. Here we select spinel Li4Ti5O12 as anode and construct an all-solid-state battery under a transmission electron microscope; a synergistic transportation of O2- and Li+ driven by an electrical bias was directly observed at the atomic scale. A small amount of oxygen anions was extracted firstly as a result of its lowest vacancy formation energy under 2.2 V, leading to the vertical displacement of oxygen. Up to 2.7 V, an ordered phase with both Li- and O- deficiency formed. The Li+ and O2- ions are simultaneously extracted out from the [LiO4] tetrahedra due to the electroneutrality principle. The migration paths of O and Li have been proposed and verified by first-principles calculations. These results reveal a brand new synergistic ion migration manner and may provide up-to-date insights on the transportation process of lithium ion conductors.

Activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes in a mouse model of Schistosoma mansoni infection.

Schistosomiasis is an inflammatory disease that occurs when schistosome species eggs are deposited in the liver, resulting in fibrosis and portal hypertension. Schistosomes can interact with host inflammasomes to elicit host immune responses, leading to mitochondrial damage, generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of apoptosis during inflammation. This study aims to examine whether ROS and NF-κB (p65) expression elicited other types of inflammasome activation in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mouse livers. We examine the relationship between inflammasome activation, mitochondrial damage and ROS production in mouse livers infected with S. mansoni. We demonstrate a significant release of ROS and superoxides and increased NF-κB (p65) in S. mansoni-infected mouse livers. Moreover, activation of the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes was triggered by S. mansoni infection. Stimulation of HuH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with soluble egg antigen induced activation of the AIM2 inflammasome pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that S. mansoni infection promotes both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation.

[The new classifications of biliary tract diseases based on actual anatomy].

In order to facilitate the treatment strategies for biliary tract injury, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct tumor thrombus, cholangiocellular carcinoma and bile duct cystic dilatation, many classifications have been made, even more than 10 types for one disease. Each type is represented by numbers or English alphabet, which are not only confusing but also difficult to remember. The Academician Mengchao Wu divided the liver into five sections and four segments base on its anatomy, this classification is very direct and visual, thus had been using till now. In order to overcome those complicated problems, it is considered to develop a new classification based on actual anatomic location similar to that for liver cancer, which is easy to remember and to directly determine the treatment strategy. All kinds of classifications have their own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. This practical classifications avoid the complexity and may be useful for clinicians.

Identification and characterization of probiotic yeast isolated from digestive tract of ducks.

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify yeast strains from the digestive tract of ducks, and evaluate in vitro their potential as probiotics in poultry. The yeast strains were isolated using malt extract agar medium, and identified through morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests as well as sequence homology analyses of 26S rDNA D1/D2 region. A total of 35 yeast strains were isolated from the guts of Cherry Valley meat ducks, including seven strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae). These seven strains of S. cerevisiae were further screened for their use as alternative yeast probiotics strains for poultry feed. The yeast strains were characterized for their cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation ability, and resistance to high temperature (30°C, 37°C, and 42°C), low pH (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0), bile salts (0.3% and 0.6%), and nutrition starvation (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days). The isolates of WHY-2 and WHY-7 had a higher survival percentage at 37°C, pH 2.0, 0.60% poultry bile salts, and 10 days of nutrition starvation, with higher cell surface hydrophobicity and autoaggregation, when compared with the other isolates, suggesting that the isolates WHY-2 and WHY-7, could be used as probiotic candidates. The data obtained in this study could help in selecting probiotic yeast candidates for use in poultry industry.