Recent Progress in Phage-Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor Therapy.

Nanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential for tumor therapy with the development of nanotechnology. Nonetheless, traditional drug delivery systems are faced with issues such as complex synthetic procedures, low reproducibility, nonspecific distribution, impenetrability of biological barrier, systemic toxicity, etc. In recent years, phage-based nanoplatforms have attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment for their regular structure, fantastic carrying property, high transduction efficiency and biosafety. Notably, therapeutic or targeting peptides can be expressed on the surface of the phages through phage display technology, enabling the phage vectors to possess multifunctions. As a result, the drug delivery efficiency on tumor will be vastly improved, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while reducing the side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, phages can overcome the hindrance of biofilm barrier to elicit antitumor effects, which exhibit great advantages compared with traditional synthetic drug delivery systems. Herein, this review not only summarizes the structure and biology of the phages, but also presents their potential as prominent nanoplatforms against tumor in different pathways to inspire the development of effective nanomedicine.

[Micro-FTIR mapping tracer for the heterogeneity growth of nitrogen impurities in natural diamond from three localities in China].

The geographic locality determination of diamonds is of great significance in understanding the mantle evolution, restricting the illegal trade of conflict diamonds, etc. In the present article, the in-situ analysis of micro-FTIR surface scan technique was first applied to analyze 14 IaAB natural diamond specimens from China's three commercial localities. According to the FTIR spectra of diamonds, the nitrogen contents were calculated (1616 data points of FTIR) and used for mapping tracer. Th results showed that the nitrogen contents and its aggregation often varied in the process of diamond growth, and the nitrogen contents in initial nucleation stage could be higher or lower than in other stages. It is not an unidirectional variation for nitroge contents in different growth stages, indicating that the carbon and nitrogen had a complex exchange with mantle fluid during the diamond's crystallization course. It was regionally different between the diamonds from the three localities in the frequency distribution of nitrogen contents and NB%/N(T). Micro-FTIR mapping is more intuitive than the method of selecting discontinuous points, and it can trace the heterogeneous growth of nitrogen impurities in natural diamonds consecutively.