Potential adaptive habitats for the narrowly distributed and rare bamboo species Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi ex Ohrnb. under future climate change in China.

The global climate change has resulted in substantial modifications to the distribution patterns of narrowly distributed species across different time periods, leading to an imminent threat to the survival of some vulnerable species. Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi ex Ohrnb., a bamboo species endemic to the transition zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin with high economic and ecological value, exhibits a limited range and rarity. Utilizing eight environmental variables and 56 occurrence records, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution range of C. tumidissinoda under current and future climate scenarios. The findings revealed that precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), elevation and isothermality (Bio3) were the crucial factors determining the species' distribution, accounting for 31.24%, 28.27% and 17.24% of data variability, respectively. The distribution centroid of C. tumidissinoda is anticipated to shift towards higher latitudes in response to future climate change, and the projected habitat suitability is expected to expand under ssp245 and ssp585 scenarios while remaining unchanged or contracting under the ssp126 scenario. Despite these expansions, the suitable habitats remain limited, with the largest being approximately 2.08 × 104 km2, indicating a significant threat to its survival. Our study provides insights into the adaptive responses of C. tumidissinoda to climate change, enriching scientific knowledge for developing effective conservation measurements as well as sustainable utilization.

The Application of Self-Made Disseminating and Descending Breathing Exercises in Home Rehabilitation of Stable COPD.

To investigate the clinical effects and application value of self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises on home rehabilitation of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seeking to generate concepts for creating novel, convenient, and efficient COPD prognosis rehabilitation exercises aimed at enhancing the well-being and rehabilitation confidence of both COPD patients and their families. A total of 70 COPD patients admitted to our outpatient department from July 2019 to September 2021 were randomly divided into the exercise group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 35). The control group received routine breathing training, while the exercise group was treated with self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises. The respiratory function, including pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), exercise tolerance (6-min walking distance, 6MWT), Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC, Borg), COPD quality of life score (CAT, SGRQ), anxiety and depression scores (HAMA, HAMD) were compared between the two groups after 12-week exercise. After 12-week training, the FEV1, MIP, and MEP in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001), and the 6MWT was significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group (p < 0.001); while the mMRC, Borg score, the scores of CAT, SGRQ, HAMA, and HAMD were found significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises can improve respiratory function and reduce symptoms of dyspnea in COPD patients, while enhancing exercise tolerance and relieving anxiety and depression, and are worthy of clinical application.

Massive secretions in paragonimiasis pleural effusion: a new finding concerning clinical recognition and treatment.

Some paragonimiasis patients in Chongqing, southwest China, have recently exhibited pleural effusions (PEs) with massive viscous secretions. This study aimed to investigate their clinical characteristics, thereby promoting effective treatments. A 3-year retrospective review of paragonimiasis patients who were admitted for nonhomogeneous PEs at Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital was conducted. Epidemiological data, symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Twenty-eight patients were identified, of which 22 (78.6%) were males and 22 (78.6%) were rural residents. Respiratory (85.7%) and constitutional (57.1%) symptoms were common. Paragonimus-specific ELISA was positive in all patients. Eosinophilia was detected in all patients in peripheral blood and PEs. Irregular hyperdense signals were observed in PEs by chest CT scans (96.4%) and ultrasonography (100.0%). Thoracic closed drainage failed in 10 patients (conservative group) because of tube blockage and was eventually replaced by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Eighteen patients (surgery group) initially underwent VATS, or thoracotomy surgery, without complications. Massive secretions, described as "bean-dregs" or "egg-floccule," were detected intraoperatively, which explained the imaging findings and tube blockage. All patients recovered well after 2-3 courses of postoperative praziquantel treatment. Viscous secretions in paragonimiasis patients warrant great concern. Irregular hyperdense signals in effusions are important characteristics in CT scans and ultrasonography. Treatments such as thoracic closed drainage may fail due to viscous secretions blocking the tube; therefore, surgeries should be considered. In-depth multidisciplinary research may help determine the optimal treatment strategy and reveal the origin of these secretions.

Exosomes-a potential indicator and mediator of cleft lip and palate: a narrative review.

OBJECTIVE: This article summarizes the recent literature on noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) in relation to cleft lip with or without palate and exosomes and their usage in craniofacial diseases. BACKGROUND: Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common congenital malformation with genetic and environmental risk factors that affects numerous children and families. Surgical procedures can correct deformations; however, residual sequelae remain after surgery. Studies exploring the pathogenesis of CL/P are crucial for its early diagnosis and treatment and can inform treatment strategy decisions, etiology searches, and treatment during pregnancy. Recently, research has shown that most disease-related genes are ncRNAs, which are important transcripts in the human transcriptome. ncRNAs include microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs play essential roles in various pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Previous studies on protein-coding genes have identified a number of genes related to CL/P; however, the pathogenesis of CL/P has not yet been thoroughly explained. Exosomes are vehicles that transfer various bioactive molecules between cells and represent a new method of intercellular communication. Research has shown that exosomes are related to some craniofacial diseases. METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for recently published English-language articles using the following keywords: "cleft lip with or without palate," "noncoding RNA," "exosomes," and "craniofacial diseases". We then reviewed the retrieved articles. CONCLUSIONS: As exosomes serve as cellular communicators and the palate consists of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, communication between the two cell types may affect its formation. Thus, exosomes could represent a new indicator and mediator of CL/P.

Primary Yolk Sac Tumor in the Cerebellar Hemisphere: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Rare Tumor.

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is one of rare malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs). Primary intracranial YST, also endodermal sinus tumor (EST), is a quite rare type of brain tumor. Here, we report a case of YST, review the relevant literature, and propose a treatment strategy for this rare tumor. A 6-year-old boy initially manifested symptoms of dizziness and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large irregular oval tumor in the cerebellar hemisphere. We subtotally removed the tumor by microsurgery through the left suboccipital approach. Immunohistochemical staining showed that alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was positive and the Ki-67 proliferation index was high (60%), suggesting a germ cell tumor. After 3 months of follow-up, neither recurrence of tumor nor complications were found in the patient. The diagnosis of YST should be confirmed on the basis of clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and pathological findings. Gross total resection (GTR) is an ideal treatment for YST. However, due to the location of the tumor, GTR is usually difficult, and the rate of postoperative complications is high. This reported case shows that subtotal resection can be a good treatment strategy for YST.