Antenatal factors related to congenital toxoplasmosis in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is one of the main preventable congenital infections in Brazil. This manuscript aims to describe antenatal factors possibly associated with congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). METHODS: This is a case-control study, with data collected from medical records, from infants admitted under one year of age at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, reference center from Rio de Janeiro, exposed to toxoplasmosis during their antenatal period. Patients diagnosed with CT were classified as cases and those exposed without infection as controls. RESULTS: A total of 289 patients were followed up in 10 years. CT was confirmed in 43 (14.9%) of which six (14%) were asymptomatic, five (12%) had the classic triad (retinochoroiditis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications), 27/42 (64.3%) had reactive IgM. Even after adjusted for prematurity, cases were born with lower weight (OR 0.49 - IC95% 0.33-0.73). There was a 13% increase in chance of CT per gestational week of the maternal diagnosis. Maternal fever, consumption of poorly washed vegetables during pregnancy, and diagnosis in the third trimester were associated with CT (OR: 6.43, 6.55, and 2.16, respectively). CONCLUSION: Fever during pregnancy, consumption of poorly washed vegetables and diagnosis in the third trimester were associated with CT. Infants with diagnosis of CT were born with lower weight than the controls.

Bone involvement by Sporothrix schenckii in an immunocompetent child.

Sporotrichosis in children is rare, and its osteoarticular form is very unusual. Disseminated forms are described mostly in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a 5-year-old immunocompetent boy with multiple suppurated cutaneous lesions that progressed to polyarthritis of the hands and feet. Radiographic imaging demonstrated multifocal lytic lesions. Sporotrichosis was diagnosed through biopsy and culture. This article describes the radiographic appearance of a rare manifestation of this disease. In areas of high prevalence, the diagnosis of sporotrichosis should be taken into account, even in immunocompetent patients, when dactylitis with lytic lesions is present.

Aspectos tomográficos da consolidação lobar na tuberculose pulmonar primária / Tomographic findings of lobar consolidation in primary pulmonary tuberculosis

OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos tomográficos da tuberculose pulmonar primária manifestada inicialmente como consolidação lobar. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O trabalho foi realizado no Hospital Municipal Jesus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, no período de 2002 a 2006, avaliando-se retrospectivamente os aspectos tomográficos de quatro crianças de 3 a 14 meses de idade com tuberculose pulmonar primária manifestada inicialmente como consolidação lobar. RESULTADOS: O padrão radiológico mais frequente foi a consolidação lobar com calcificações, escavações e áreas de necrose de permeio, associada a abaulamento da cissura. Sinais de disseminação broncogênica e linfadenomegalia foram observados em todas elas. Consolidação de aspecto pseudotumoral, com efeito de massa, foi observada em um caso. CONCLUSÃO: Nos casos estudados observou-se que a tuberculose pulmonar primária manifestada como consolidação lobar apresenta imagens características à tomografia computadorizada, como escavações, áreas hipodensas e calcificações de permeio à consolidação. A associação com linfonodomegalias com centro necrótico e sinais de disseminação broncogênica reforçam o diagnóstico de tuberculose.

OBJECTIVE: To describe tomographic findings of lobar consolidation as early manifestation of primary pulmonary tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was developed at Hospital Municipal Jesus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, in the period between 2002 and 2006, retrospectively evaluating tomographic findings in four children aged from 3 to 14 months with lobar consolidation as an early manifestation of primary pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS: The most frequently found radiological pattern was lobar consolidation with calcifications, cavitation and intermingle necrotic areas, associated with bulging fissure. Signs of bronchogenic dissemination and lymph node enlargement were observed in all of the four children. Consolidation with a pseudotumor aspect and masslike effect was observed in one case. CONCLUSION: The cases included in the present study have demonstrated that primary pulmonary tuberculosis manifested as lobar consolidation presents typical tomographic images such as cavitation, hypodense areas and calcifications intermingled with consolidation. The association with lymph node enlargement with central necrosis and signs of bronchogenic dissemination reinforce the diagnosis of tuberculosis.