Salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders in people with a crack cocaine use disorder.

The use of cocaine and its main derivative, crack, can cause some systemic effects that may lead to the development of some oral disorders. To assess the oral health of people with a crack cocaine use disorder and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. A total of 40 volunteers hospitalized for rehabilitation for crack cocaine addiction were enrolled; nine were randomly selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination, report of DMFT, gingival and plaque index, xerostomia, and non-stimulated saliva collection were performed. A list of proteins identified was generated from the UniProt database and manually revised. The mean age (n=40) was 32 (±8.88; 18-51) years; the mean DMFT index was 16±7.70; the mean plaque and gingival index were 2.07±0.65 and 2.12±0.64, respectively; and 20 (50%) volunteers reported xerostomia. We identified 305 salivary proteins (n=9), of which 23 were classified as candidate for biomarkers associated with 14 oral disorders. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n=7) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=7), followed by periodontitis (n=6). People with a crack cocaine use disorder had an increased risk of dental caries and gingival inflammation; less than half had oral mucosal alterations, and half experienced xerostomia. As possible biomarkers for 14 oral disorders, 23 salivary proteins were identified. Oral cancer and periodontal disease were the most often associated disorders with biomarkers.

Salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders in people with a crack cocaine use disorder

Abstract The use of cocaine and its main derivative, crack, can cause some systemic effects that may lead to the development of some oral disorders. Objective To assess the oral health of people with a crack cocaine use disorder and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. Methodology A total of 40 volunteers hospitalized for rehabilitation for crack cocaine addiction were enrolled; nine were randomly selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination, report of DMFT, gingival and plaque index, xerostomia, and non-stimulated saliva collection were performed. A list of proteins identified was generated from the UniProt database and manually revised. Results The mean age (n=40) was 32 (±8.88; 18-51) years; the mean DMFT index was 16±7.70; the mean plaque and gingival index were 2.07±0.65 and 2.12±0.64, respectively; and 20 (50%) volunteers reported xerostomia. We identified 305 salivary proteins (n=9), of which 23 were classified as candidate for biomarkers associated with 14 oral disorders. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n=7) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=7), followed by periodontitis (n=6). Conclusions People with a crack cocaine use disorder had an increased risk of dental caries and gingival inflammation; less than half had oral mucosal alterations, and half experienced xerostomia. As possible biomarkers for 14 oral disorders, 23 salivary proteins were identified. Oral cancer and periodontal disease were the most often associated disorders with biomarkers.

Salivary proteome analysis of crack cocaine dependents.

OBJECTIVE: Salivary proteomic analysis may help to understand physiopathological changes in crack cocaine dependents. This study aimed to compare the salivary protein profile between crack cocaine dependents and non-drug users. DESIGN: Nine heavy smokers and alcohol consumers men admitted to rehab due to crack cocaine abuse and nine non-drug users age-matched men were evaluated. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected. Proteomic analysis was performed by mass spectrometer. Data were processed using ProteinLynx GlobalServer software. Results were obtained by searching the Homo sapiens database from the UniProt catalog. The search tool IBI-IMIM was used to identify proteins candidates for biomarkers. RESULTS: The mean age of crack cocaine and control groups was 36.89 ±â€¯7.78 and 35.78 ±â€¯6.68 years, respectively. 458 salivary proteins were identified in both groups; 305 proteins in the crack cocaine group. Among the 68 proteins presented in both groups, 29 were down-regulated (i.e. "Statherin" and "Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3" were down-regulated at least 10-fold) and 27 up-regulated (i.e. "Negative elongation factor" was up-regulated 19-fold) in the crack cocaine group compared to controls. 90 out of the 458 proteins found in the proteomic analysis were identified as candidates for biomarkers of diseases. Among these, 65 (72.22 %) were detected in the crack cocaine group. CONCLUSION: Crack cocaine dependents with chronic alcohol and tobacco use have a higher number of proteins in saliva compared to non-drug users. 22.3 % of salivary proteins present in crack cocaine dependents were present in controls; 3.9 % of them were expressed in similar quantity.

Salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders in alcohol and tobacco dependents.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oral condition of alcohol and tobacco dependents and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three male volunteers were evaluated for alcohol abuse rehabilitation; nine were selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination was performed, and non-stimulated saliva was collected. Salivary proteins were extracted and processed for analysis. A list of proteins identified in saliva was generated from the database and manually revised, obtaining the total number of candidate biomarkers for oral disorders. RESULTS: The mean age (n = 33) was 42.94 ± 8.61 years. Fourteen (42.4%) subjects presented with 23 oral mucosa changes, and 31 (94%) had dental plaque. A total of 282 proteins were found in saliva (n = 9), of which 26 were identified as candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. After manual review, 21 proteins were selected. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n = 10), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 6), and periodontal disease (n = 6). CONCLUSION: Alcohol and tobacco dependents showed gingival inflammation, and less than half of them showed oral mucosa changes. Twenty-one protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders were identified in saliva. The two major oral disorders in number of candidates for biomarkers were head and neck cancer and periodontal disease.

Salivary proteome characterization of alcohol and tobacco dependents.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and substances found in tobacco may alter salivary flow and amount of saliva proteins. This study aimed to compare salivary proteins between alcohol dependent smokers and controls. METHODS: This is a case-control study with men older than 18 years of age, matched by age. The alcohol-dependent group was composed by heavy smokers and alcohol consumers. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all subjects. Analysis of digested peptides was performed in mass spectrometer. Data were processed using ProteinLynx GlobalServer software. Results were obtained by searching theHomo sapiens database from the UniProt catalog. The search tool IBI-IMIM was used to identify candidate proteins for biomarkers. RESULTS: Alcohol-dependent and control groups were composed of nine participants each, with mean age of 36.89 ±â€¯2.57 and 35.78 ±â€¯1.64 years, respectively. 404 salivary proteins were found in both groups; 282 in the alcohol-dependent. Among the 96 proteins presented in both groups, 32 were up-regulated in the alcohol dependents (i.e. "Hemoglobin subunit beta" and "Forkhead box protein P2" were up-regulated at least 10-fold), 23 were down-regulated (i.e. "Statherin" and "RNA-binding protein 25" were down-regulated at least 10-fold), and 41 presented similar expression in both groups. 71 proteins were candidates for biomarkers of disorders 58 presented in alcohol dependents' saliva. The most common disorders were neoplasms, genetic, cardiovascular, metabolic and glandular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary protein profile undergoes strong changes in alcohol and tobacco dependents. 34% of salivary proteins present in alcohol and tobacco dependents were present in controls; 14.5% of them were expressed in similar quantity.