[Interrelation of dynamics of blood lipids and bone mineral density in humans during 370-day bed rest].

Comparison of bone mineral density and fatty-acid blood content in 9 human subjects exposed to 370-d bed rest revealed correlation of the loss in femoral neck density with parameters of lipid exchange. On day-46 of BR, the absolute lipids content in erythrocyte membranes and blood serum decreased considerably (1.5-2 times) when compared with baseline data. At the end of the experiment, lipids content in serum, on the contrary, surpassed baseline values 2-3 times: however, it remained lowered in erythrocyte membranes of the control group till day-280 of BR. Arachidonic acid correlated with prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2alpha involved in regulation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts activities. Correlation of decreases in femoral neck density and unsaturated fatty acids in blood serum and erythrocyte membranes varied with the human subjects.

[Equipment for biological experiments with snails aboard piloted orbital stations].

To fly biological experiments aboard piloted orbital stations, research equipment was built up of an incubation container, filter system and automatic temperature controller. Investigations included analysis of the makeup and concentrations of gases produced by animals (snails) during biocycle, and emitted after death. Filters are chemisorption active fibrous materials (AFM) with high sorption rate and water receptivity (cation exchange fiber VION-KN-1 and anion exchange fiber VION-AS-1), and water-repellent carbon adsorbent SKLTS. AFM filters were effective in air cleaning and practically excluded ingress of chemical substances from the container into cabin atmosphere over more than 100 days.

[Changes in lipid composition of human plasma and erythrocyte membranes due to sodium hydroxybutyrate and normobaric hyperoxia during bed rest].

Gas chromatography was employed to study effects of sodium hydroxybutyrate (GHBA) and normobaric hyperoxia on the fatty-acid composition of total lipids of blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes in 5 normal male volunteers in the baseline data collection period and during 14-d bed rest. Both in plasma and erythrocyte membranes saturated palmitic acid was found increased and polyunsaturated linoleic acid and arachidonic acid reduced.

[On-drift spectrometer with double successive separation with ionization in the corona discharge].

An experimental high-resolution ion-drift spectrometer is described. Operating characteristics were improved by installation of a second grid gate in the center of the drift space. The ion-drift analyzer setups and the ranges of amplitude, length and temporary delay of control impulses were identified in the course of testing. The article gives illustration of mobility spectrum in case of a single or paired gate analysis.

[The relationship of changes in blood fatty acids and calcium during 370-day head-down bed rest].

Serum calcium and serum and erythrocyte higher fatty acids (HFA) in 8 male subjects in a 370-d head-down bed rest experiment were different in group-A (applying preventive physical training and pharmacy) and group-B (control). On day 46 of the experiment, HFA content in all lipid fractions decreased sharply in both groups; however, HFA level in serum exceeded baseline values in 2-6 times and remained low in erythrocytes. Difference between the groups became appreciable on HDT day 110.

[Complex experimental assessment of potential allergenicity of various isolates of soy proteins]. / Kompleksnaia éksperimental'naia otsenka potentsial'noi allergennosti nekotorykh obraztsov izoliatov soevykh belkov.

The complex evaluation was carried out of potential allergenicity of three soya protein specimens - IPS, IPS-1 and IPS-2 manufactured by Ardex R, USA, which were attended for employment as protein component of specialized infant formulae. The content of total protein, amino-nitrogen, peptide fractions of molecular weight below 9000 D, precipitating protein antigens, trypsin inhibitor, was studied in the specimens. The apparent digestibility was measured by a multienzymatic system in vitro. The allergenicity of isolates was compared by means of histamine LD50 resistance test in guinea pigs and also by the reaction of active anaphylactic shock (AAS). The evidences have been obtained that IPS specimen containing the lowest levels of trypsin inhibitor and small peptide levels is characterized by the lowest sensitizing activity in AAS and simultaneously decreases the animals' resistance to histamine in the highest degree. Apparent digestibility of all the three specimens did not differ significantly. A conclusion has been made that the evaluation is necessary of infant hypoallergenic formulae components by a complex of independent experimental data.

[Analysis of the trace contaminants in the atmosphere formed by the life-support environment of the closed system of man-higher plants-lower plants-microorganisms]. / Analiz mikroprimesei v atmosfere, formiruemoi sredoi obitaniia zamknutoi sistemy chelovek-vysshie rasteniia-nizshie rasteniia-mikroorganizmy.

Trace contaminants in the air of a biological life support system which was continuously complicated were examined. Air samples were taken by cooled traps and analyzed by gas chromatography. Changes in the air of the biological life support system as a function of its structure were compared using Hamming distance and composition similarity measures. Matrices of the measures were obtained and a graph whose structure corresponded to changes in the biological life support system was constructed. During prolonged experiments trace contaminants remained relatively stable and changed when a mineralization component was attached. It is concluded that the composition and variations in the organic components of the atmosphere can be used as an integral indicator of the function of the biological life support system as a whole.