Estrategias didácticas, en el marco de la innovación de la malla curricular 2015, de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - UNA de la carrera de medicina. Una visión desde la percepción de los docentes y estudiantes / Didactic strategies, within the framework of the innovation of the curricular mesh 2015, of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the career of medicine. A vision from the perception of teachers and students

Las estrategias didácticas cumplen un papel relevante en la innovación de la malla curricular, esta investigación tiene por finalidad comprender el proceso de cambio instaurado en la facultad desde la percepción de los actores principales, desde varias aristas relacionadas como la infraestructura, materiales de apoyo e información sobre la malla innovada. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar e interpretar la percepción que tienen los docentes y estudiantes del ciclo básico de la carrera de medicina de Asunción, en relación a la innovación curricular y permitirnos reflexionar y contribuir a este proceso dinámico que está llegando al ciclo clínico, a través de una investigación cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico

Didactic strategies play a relevant role in the innovation of the curricular mesh, this research aims to understand the process of change established in the faculty from the perception of the main actors, from several related aspects such as infrastructure, support materials and information on the innovated curriculum. Our objective was to analyze and interpret the perception that teachers and students of the basic cycle of the medical career have, in relation to curricular innovation and allow us to reflect and contribute to this dynamic process that is reaching the clinical cycle, through a qualitative research with a hermeneutical approach

Tidal elevation is the key factor modulating burial rates and composition of organic matter in a coastal wetland with multiple habitats.

This study examines long-term burial rates of organic carbon (OC), organic nitrogen (ON), and total sulphur (TS) in a tidal-dominated coastal wetland with a high spatial heterogeneity and habitat diversity, and long history of human impacts, Cádiz Bay (SW Spain). Using replicate sediment cores, we quantified fluxes of these elements over a transect, extending from the lower saltmarsh (Spartina maritima, ~0.3 m mean sea level, MSL) to the lower intertidal region (Zostera noltei, ~ - 0.7 m MSL). Potential organic matter (OM) sources to the sediment were examined using an extensive dataset on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, and C:N molar ratios of primary producers in the region. OC burial rates decreased from the sites below MSL (~80 gC·m-2·y-1) to the lower saltmarsh (~50 gC·m-2·y-1), whereas ON burial rates showed an opposite pattern (~3 gN·m-2·y-1 and ~4 gN·m-2·y-1 observed below and above MSL, respectively). TS burial rates (0.5-46 gS·m-2·y-1) did not show any trend along the sea-land gradient. Hence, (tidal) elevation appeared to be an important determinant of sediment biogeochemical properties, and predictor of OM burial rates. The Bayesian mixing model suggested a well-mixed combination of subtidal and terrestrial/high-marsh OM sources to the surface sediments, with no clear indication of an increased contribution from the particular vegetation species inhabiting the sediments. The indication that there is substantial transport, remineralization and cycling of OM between habitats, suggests diversity may play an important role in maintaining this function, reinforcing the idea that a holistic, catchment-scale view is appropriate for understanding and preserving the long-term burial of OM in coastal wetlands.

Latitudinal Patterns in European Seagrass Carbon Reserves: Influence of Seasonal Fluctuations versus Short-Term Stress and Disturbance Events.

Seagrass meadows form highly productive and valuable ecosystems in the marine environment. Throughout the year, seagrass meadows are exposed to abiotic and biotic variations linked to (i) seasonal fluctuations, (ii) short-term stress events such as, e.g., local nutrient enrichment, and (iii) small-scale disturbances such as, e.g., biomass removal by grazing. We hypothesized that short-term stress events and small-scale disturbances may affect seagrass chance for survival in temperate latitudes. To test this hypothesis we focused on seagrass carbon reserves in the form of starch stored seasonally in rhizomes, as these have been defined as a good indicator for winter survival. Twelve Zostera noltei meadows were monitored along a latitudinal gradient in Western Europe to firstly assess the seasonal change of their rhizomal starch content. Secondly, we tested the effects of nutrient enrichment and/or biomass removal on the corresponding starch content by using a short-term manipulative field experiment at a single latitude in the Netherlands. At the end of the growing season, we observed a weak but significant linear increase of starch content along the latitudinal gradient from south to north. This agrees with the contention that such reserves are essential for regrowth after winter, which is more severe in the north. In addition, we also observed a weak but significant positive relationship between starch content at the beginning of the growing season and past winter temperatures. This implies a lower regrowth potential after severe winters, due to diminished starch content at the beginning of the growing season. Short-term stress and disturbances may intensify these patterns, because our manipulative experiments show that when nutrient enrichment and biomass loss co-occurred at the end of the growing season, Z. noltei starch content declined. In temperate zones, the capacity of seagrasses to accumulate carbon reserves is expected to determine carbon-based regrowth after winter. Therefore, processes affecting those reserves might affect seagrass resilience. With increasing human pressure on coastal systems, short- and small-scale stress events are expected to become more frequent, threatening the resilience of seagrass ecosystems, particularly at higher latitudes, where populations tend to have an annual cycle highly dependent on their storage capacity.

Pancreaticopericardial Fistula Treated Successfully With Pericardial and Pancreatic Drains.

Pancreaticopericardial fistula (PPF) is a rare subset of thoracopancreatic fistulas with few reported cases in the literature. Historically, treatment of PPF has included pancreatic ductal stenting or surgery, or both, but we present a case of PPF that was successfully treated using only pericardial and pancreatic drains.

[Epidemiological characteristics of depressed Mexican pregnant women]. / Depresión durante el embarazo. Epidemiología en mujeres mexicanas.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of depression in pregnant women, the epidemiological characteristics and associated factors. METHODS: A cross-comparison, with a sample of 220 pregnant women between 18 and 32 weeks gestation. We excluded patients with depression six months before the current pregnancy. RESULTS: Depressed women were 6.4 %, mean age 26 years and 21.4 % were adolescent. The majority women were high school students (50 %); 71.4 % belong to a low medium socioeconomic status; 21.4 % were without a partner; 35.7 % had depression history in the family and 28.6 % had a history of prior antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of depression in Mexican pregnant women was low. Risk factors associated to depression were young age, low socio-economical status, a lack of a partner, a history of depression in the family.

Effects of solar UV-B radiation on canopy structure of Ulva communities from southern Spain.

Within the sheltered creeks of Cádiz bay, Ulva thalli form extended mat-like canopies. The effect of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthetic activity, the composition of photosynthetic and xanthophyll cycle pigments, and the amount of RubisCO, chaperonin 60 (CPN 60), and the induction of DNA damage in Ulva aff. rotundata Bliding from southern Spain was assessed in the field. Samples collected from the natural community were covered by screening filters, generating different radiation conditions. During daily cycles, individual thalli showed photoinhibitory effects of the natural solar radiation. This inhibition was even more pronounced in samples only exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Strongly increased heat dissipation in these samples indicated the activity of regulatory mechanisms involved in dynamic photoinhibition. Adverse effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis were only observed in combination with high levels of PAR, indicating the synergistic effects of the two wavelength ranges. In samples exposed either to PAR+UV-A or to UV-B+UV-A without PAR, no inhibition of photosynthetic quantum yield was found in the course of the day. At the natural site, the top layer of the mat-like canopies is generally completely bleached. Artificially designed Ulva canopies exhibited fast bleaching of the top layer under the natural solar radiation conditions, while this was not observed in canopies either shielded from UV or from PAR. The bleached first layer of the canopies acts as a selective UV-B filter, and thus prevents subcanopy thalli from exposure to harmful radiation. This was confirmed by the differences in photosynthetic activity, pigment composition, and the concentration of RubisCO in thalli with different positions within the canopy. In addition, the induction of the stress protein CPN 60 under UV exposure and the low accumulation of DNA damage indicate the presence of physiological protection mechanisms against harmful UV-B. A mechanism of UV-B-induced inhibition of photosynthesis under field conditions is proposed.