[The increasing of role of paramedical personnel under application of remote ultrasound studies].

The ultrasound studies are highly informative diagnostic methods. The modern ultrasound devices can be applied as component of mobile telemedicine systems that can significantly increase availability of medical care. However, application of ultrasound scanners requires inclusion of ultrasound diagnostics specialist in the medical team that is not always nor possible or appropriate. In the modern regulatory legal base, transfer of certain functions of ultrasound diagnostics specialist to average medical staff is not provided. The article considers issue of genuine development and testing method of implementation of ultrasound examinations by paramedical personnel under remote control of physician. Two organizational models were tested within the framework of organizational experiment. In the first model, physician monitored progress of examination by telemedicine monitor and, if necessary, directed actions of medical nurse. In the second model, the nurse independently obtained images of patients' organs, and physician according received visual information formulated final conclusion. The organizational experiment included patients with pathology of abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space and lower limb arteries. Results. On the basis on results of 156 examinations, time-consuming analysis was performed, and effectiveness of developed methods was evaluated. The proposals were proposed to include additions into professional standard of ultrasound diagnostics nurse and to substantiate the need of altering the training programs for paramedical personnel.

[The age-related specificity of the activity of P-450 cytochrome and of its isoenzymes in healthy children].

The general activity of cytochrome P-450 and of its isoenzymes P-450IA2 and P-450IIIA4 was studied by the pharmacokinetic findings of antipyrin in virtually healthy different-age children. According to the results, the P-450 cytochrome system gradually matures as the child grows up and it has its own specific features, which must be considered in pharmacotherapy of children as well as while purposefully affecting the system in order to activate the detoxication processes.

[The effect of benzene derivatives on the body sensitization of children]. / Vliianie proizvodnykh benzola na sensibilizatsiiu organizma detei.

The health of children from different districts of the town of Kstov, Nizhegorod [correction of Nizhni Novgorod] Province, that has developed petrochemical industry, was studied. The study demonstrated that the children living in a ecologically poor area had high sensitization to benzene derivatives and a high incidence of allergic diseases. Benzene derivatives, such as trimethylbenzene and tetramethylbenzene), have not only a property of sensitizing, but also nonspecific toxic effects on the children.

[Monooxygenase system of the liver in chronic hepatitis according to the data of the antipyrine test]. / Monooksigenaznaia sistema pecheni pri khronicheskom gepatite po dannym antipirinogo testa.

The activity of liver monoxygenase system was studied in 94 children with various clinical forms, activities and duration of chronic hepatitis by the antipyrine test and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of this test was assessed. The test is recommended for the assessment of the liver process severity and for the prediction of the disease course in children.

[Antioxidant components of erythrocytes and digestive secretions in childhood gastroduodenal diseases]. / Antioksidantnye komponenty éritrotsitov i pishchevaritel'nykh sekretov pri gastroduodenal'noi patologii u detei.

Enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of the antioxidant system were studied in the erythrocytes, saliva and gastric juice of 20 healthy volunteers, 113 children with chronic gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcerous disease. A decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and imbalance of the glutathione redox system were found both in the erythrocytes and the digestive secrets of children with gastroduodenal pathology. The rate of impairments depended on the gastric functional state, on the nature of disease development; the most pronounced alterations were detected in the gastric juice.

[Superoxide-removing activity of gastric juice in gastroduodenal diseases]. / Superoksidustraniaiushchaia aktivnost' zheludochnogo soka pri gastroduodenal'nykh zabolevaniiakh.

A decrease in the superoxide anion-obviating activity of gastric juice was detected in patients with chronic gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcerous disease, whose rate depended on the disease stage, functional state of the stomach and nature of the disease course. Deficiency in H+, Cu2+ and a decrease of glutathione content in gastric juice were found to be responsible for the phenomenon observed. The superoxide anion-obviating activity of gastric juice exhibited the regulatory effect on resistance of the duodenal mucosal membrane, which is prerequisite to restoration of the pattern studied during medicinal treatment. Antacid biphilact produced from sour milk was used for the treatment of the disease.

[Clinico-pathogenetic aspects of peptic ulcer in children]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskie aspekty iazvennoi bolezni u detei.

Overall 98 children with duodenal ulcer were examined. It is shown that the rise of the products of lipid peroxidation in gastric juice enhances the aggressive properties of gastric juice and stimulates defence reactions of the gastric mucosa and duodenum. Lipid oxidation and the antioxidant systems of gastric juice were discovered to be disordered. The changes thus revealed are of diagnostic importance for detecting the recurrent nature of the disease.

[Superoxide dismutase activity of digestive secretions]. / Superoksiddismutaznaia aktivnost' pishchevaritel'nykh sekretov.

A superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in saliva and gastric juice has been revealed using the NBT reduction and adrenaline autooxidation assays. This activity in saliva is induced mainly by enzymic mechanisms, whereas in gastric juice--by nonenzymic mechanisms. The gel chromatographic analysis of saliva has demonstrated the presence of several SOD isoenzymes. Nonenzymic mechanisms of the SOD activity in gastric juice involve the ionic activity of H+, Cu2+ and that of reduced glutathione. The SOD activity in gastric juice can be decreased by adding antacids and Fe ions. The effect of Fe3+ is found to be different depending on the methods of the SOD activity evaluation. Such metal-chelating agents as histidine and organic acids increase the SOD activity in gastric juice.

[The activity of the glutathione-dependent enzymes of erythrocytes in chronic liver diseases in children]. / Aktivnost' glutationzavisimykh fermentov éritrotsitov pri khronicheskikh zabolevaniiakh pecheni u detei.

Activities of red cell glutathione-dependent enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase (GT), were measured in 70 children suffering from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with various forms and activities of the conditions. Manifest changes in GP and GT activities were revealed. Measurements of GT activities are recommended for assessment of the liver process severity and for early detection of the liver detoxifying function stress.

[The activity of antioxidant enzymes in the saliva of normal children]. / Aktivnost' antioksidantnykh fermentov sliuny zdorovykh detei.

Salivary total antioxidant activity and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase were measured in 30 normal children with different salivary gland functioning in different seasons. The activities of all the examined enzymes were detected in the saliva. Studies of nonstimulated saliva are recommended to define the normal values and to develop diagnostic tests on the basis of estimation of peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters.

[Indicators of lipid peroxidation in duodenal ulcer and chronic gastroduodenitis in children]. / Pokazateli perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki i khronicheskom gastroduodenite u detei.

Lipid peroxidation was studied in 82 children with chronic gastroduodenitis and ulcer. It has been concluded that this process is implicated in the formation of gastroduodenal pathology and that agents enhancing antioxidant defence of the body may be included into multimodality treatment.