RESUMEN
3D simulations are conducted using Lumerical software to study the performance of surface illuminated silicon positive-intrinsic-negative photodiodes with microholes. Drift-diffusion equations are solved including the effects of carrier lifetime due to Shockley-Read-Hall and Auger recombination mechanisms, as well as high field mobility. Lumerical's FDTD tool is used to determine the light absorption in the device. The generation profile is imported to Lumerical's CHARGE tool to determine the transient-limited impulse response. An equivalent circuit of the photodiode with microholes is developed for the simulation of an end-to-end high-speed system. Simulation results show an open eye diagram at 50 Gbps for 20µm×20µm devices.
RESUMEN
Positron emission tomography is an imaging technique based on the use of radiopharmaceuticals. The most extended one is the glucose analogue 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) that is deposited where there is an increase of glycolytic metabolism, whether this is caused by neoplastic, inflammatory or infectious diseases. It is used in oncology for the initial staging, to assess response to treatment, residual disease, recurrent diagnosis and restaging, but specifically among the different types of tumor. It also has a field in the study of large vessel vasculitis, in granulomatous diseases and in dementias.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/estadística & datos numéricos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Neurológico , Humanos , Oncología Médica/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Radiofármacos/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
La tomografía por emisión de positrones es una técnica de imagen basada en la utilización de radiofármacos. El más extendido es la 18F fluorodeoxiglucosa (FDG) análogo de la glucosa que es captado allá donde hay un aumento del metabolismo glucolítico, ya sea originado por enfermedades neoplásicas, inflamatorias o infecciosas. Esto hace que sea una técnica muy sensible. En oncología es utilizada para la estadificación inicial, para valorar la respuesta al tratamiento, la enfermedad residual, el diagnóstico de recidiva y la reestadificación, pero con particularidades entre los distintos tipos de tumor. También tiene campo en el estudio de las vasculitis de grandes vasos, en las enfermedades granulomatosas y en las demencias
Positron emission tomography is an imaging technique based on the use of radiopharmaceuticals. The most extended one is the glucose analogue 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) that is deposited where there is an increase of glycolytic metabolism, whether this is caused by neoplastic, inflammatory or infectious diseases. It is used in oncology for the initial staging, to assess response to treatment, residual disease, recurrent diagnosis and restaging, but specifically among the different types of tumor. It also has a field in the study of large vessel vasculitis, in granulomatous diseases and in dementias (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión/métodos , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Vasculitis/diagnóstico , Demencia/diagnósticoAsunto(s)
Ascitis/etiología , Peritonitis Tuberculosa/complicaciones , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/administración & dosificación , Antibióticos Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Antituberculosos/administración & dosificación , Antituberculosos/uso terapéutico , Ascitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Quimioterapia Combinada , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Isoniazida/administración & dosificación , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Peritonitis Tuberculosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Pirazinamida/administración & dosificación , Pirazinamida/uso terapéutico , Radiografía Abdominal , Rifampin/administración & dosificación , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Ascitis/etiología , Peritonitis Tuberculosa/complicaciones , Ascitis/diagnóstico , Ascitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ascitis/patología , Colonoscopía/métodos , Isoniazida/uso terapéutico , Rifampin/uso terapéutico , Pirazinamida/uso terapéutico , Peritonitis Tuberculosa/diagnóstico , Peritonitis Tuberculosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Peritonitis Tuberculosa/patologíaAsunto(s)
Esofagitis/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , ÚlceraRESUMEN
In the 19th century, when bleeding and purging were widely used in mainstream medicine, homeopathy was warmly embraced by some U.S. practitioners as a more humane alternative. Developed by the German physician Samuel Hahnemann, homeopathy sought to cure symptoms of disease by use of drugs that induced similar symptoms and restored the patient's "vital force." This paper describes the general principles of homeopathy and recounts specific treatments of mental illness from the homeopathic literature. It also describes the application of homeopathic principles to the institutional care of mental illness, using New York's Middletown Homeopathic Asylum for the Insane as an example.
Asunto(s)
Homeopatía/historia , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/historia , Trastornos Mentales/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The courts' assumption that patients' refusals of treatment are based on autonomous decision making was evaluated by examining the opinions of 24 involuntarily medicated patients about their treatment. At discharge 17 patients felt that their treatment refusal had been correctly overridden by staff and that they should be treated against their will again if necessary. Patients who persistently disapproved of the decision to override their treatment refusal were highly grandiose, engaged in denial of psychotic proportions, and responded poorly to treatment. The results suggest that, for most patients, the decision to refuse psychotropic medication is a manifestation of the patient's illness and does not reflect autonomous functioning or consistent beliefs about mental illness or its treatment. Consequently treatment refusal should be considered primarily a psychotherapeutic issue and, in most cases, should be subject to clinical rather than judicial review.