Isotope-based inferences of the trophic niche of short-finned pilot whales in the Webbnesia.

Knowledge of predator-prey interactions is key in ecological studies and understanding ecosystem function, yet this is still poorly explored in the deep-sea environment. Carbon (δ13C: 13C/12C) and nitrogen (δ15N: 15N/14N) stable isotope ratios of a deep-diving species, the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), were used to explore knowledge gaps on its ecological niche and foraging habitats in the Webbnesia marine ecoregion (Tenerife Island, n = 27 animals vs. Madeira, n = 31; 500 km apart) where animals display distinct levels of site fidelity. Specifically, we tested whether intraspecific isotopic variation results from differences between geographic areas (due to possible foraging plasticity between regions), sexes, and/or years (2015-2020) using Generalized Linear Models. In general, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the stable isotope profiles of pilot whales between the two archipelagos, which were also reflected in their isotopic niche. The higher mean and wider range of δ15N values in Tenerife suggest that pilot whales consume prey of higher trophic levels and more diverse than Madeira. The higher mean and wider range of δ13C values in Madeira suggest that in that island, pilot whales rely on prey from more diverse habitats. There was significant variation between some years, but not between sexes. Finally, we discuss pilot whales' foraging strategies worldwide and infer the reliance on benthic or benthopelagic food sources in the Webbnesia.

Corrigendum: NK cell subsets changes in partial remission and early stages of pediatric type 1 diabetes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.611522.].

Corrigendum: Candidate biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of partial remission in pediatric type 1 diabetes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825426.].

Immunoregulatory Biomarkers of the Remission Phase in Type 1 Diabetes: miR-30d-5p Modulates PD-1 Expression and Regulatory T Cell Expansion.

The partial remission (PR) phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an underexplored period characterized by endogenous insulin production and downmodulated autoimmunity. To comprehend the mechanisms behind this transitory phase and develop precision medicine strategies, biomarker discovery and patient stratification are unmet needs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression and modulate several biological processes, functioning as biomarkers for many diseases. Here, we identify and validate a unique miRNA signature during PR in pediatric patients with T1D by employing small RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. These miRNAs were mainly related to the immune system, metabolism, stress, and apoptosis pathways. The implication in autoimmunity of the most dysregulated miRNA, miR-30d-5p, was evaluated in vivo in the non-obese diabetic mouse. MiR-30d-5p inhibition resulted in increased regulatory T cell percentages in the pancreatic lymph nodes together with a higher expression of CD200. In the spleen, a decrease in PD-1+ T lymphocytes and reduced PDCD1 expression were observed. Moreover, miR-30d-5p inhibition led to an increased islet leukocytic infiltrate and changes in both effector and memory T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the miRNA signature found during PR shows new putative biomarkers and highlights the immunomodulatory role of miR-30d-5p, elucidating the processes driving this phase.

Treatment and Survival Outcomes of Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia in Latin American Patients: A Multinational Retrospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare lymphoma with distinct clinical features, and data from Latin American patients are lacking. Therefore, we aim to investigate the clinical, therapy, and outcome patterns of WM in Latin America. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with WM diagnosed between 1991 and 2019 from 24 centers in seven Latin American countries. The study outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: We identified 159 cases (median age 67 years, male 62%). Most patients (95%) were symptomatic at diagnosis. The International Prognostic Scoring System for WM (IPSSWM) at diagnosis was available in 141 (89%) patients (high-risk 40%, intermediate-risk 37%, and low-risk 23%). Twenty-seven (17%) patients were tested for MYD88L265P, with 89% (n = 24 of 27) carrying the mutation. First-line and second-line therapies were administered to 142 (89%) and 53 (33%) patients, respectively. Chemoimmunotherapy was the most commonly used first-line (66%) and second-line (45%) approach; only 18 (11%) patients received ibrutinib. With a median follow-up of 69 months, the 5-year OS rate was 81%. In treated patients, the 5-year OS and PFS rates were 78% and 59%, respectively. High-risk IPSSWM at treatment initiation was an independent risk factor for OS (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.73, 95% CI, 1.67 to 13.41, P = .003) and PFS (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.43, 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.50, P = .005). CONCLUSION: In Latin America, the management of WM is heterogeneous, with limited access to molecular testing and novel agents. However, outcomes were similar to those reported internationally. We validated the IPSSWM score as a prognostic factor for OS and PFS. There is an unmet need to improve access to recommended diagnostic approaches and therapies in Latin America.

Candidate Biomarkers for the Prediction and Monitoring of Partial Remission in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

The partial remission (PR) phase, a period experienced by most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) soon after diagnosis, is characterized by low insulin requirements and improved glycemic control. Given the great potential of this phase as a therapeutic window for immunotherapies because of its association with immunoregulatory mechanisms and ß-cell protection, our objective was to find peripheral immunological biomarkers for its better characterization, monitoring, and prediction. The longitudinal follow-up of 17 pediatric patients with new-onset T1D over one year revealed that, during the PR phase, remitter patients show increased percentages of effector memory (EM) T lymphocytes, terminally differentiated EM T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to non-remitter patients. On the contrary, remitter patients showed lower percentages of naïve T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (TREG), and dendritic cells (DCs). After a year of follow-up, these patients also presented increased levels of regulatory B cells and transitional T1 B lymphocytes. On the other hand, although none of the analyzed cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TGF-ß1, IL-17A, and IL-10) could distinguish or predict remission, IL-17A was increased at T1D diagnosis in comparison to control subjects, and remitter patients tended to maintain lower levels of this cytokine than non-remitters. Therefore, these potential monitoring immunological biomarkers of PR support that this stage is governed by both metabolic and immunological factors and suggest immunoregulatory attempts during this phase. Furthermore, since the percentage of TREG, monocytes, and DCs, and the total daily insulin dose at diagnosis were found to be predictors of the PR phase, we next created an index-based predictive model comprising those immune cell percentages that could potentially predict remission at T1D onset. Although our preliminary study needs further validation, these candidate biomarkers could be useful for the immunological characterization of the PR phase, the stratification of patients with better disease prognosis, and a more personalized therapeutic management.

Consensus in acute myeloid leukemia in Mexico.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cell neoplasms of myeloid lineage that arise from the clonal expansion of their precursors in the bone marrow, interfering with cell differentiation, leading to a syndrome of bone marrow failure. AML is a consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes (point mutations, gene rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and arrangements in epigenetic changes that influence gene expression) in hematopoietic precursor cells, which create a clone of abnormal cells that are capable of proliferating but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells or undergo programmed cell death. The diagnosis requires more than 20% myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and certain cytogenic abnormalities. Treatment will depend on age, comorbidities, and cytogenetic risk among the most frequent.

La leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) comprende un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias de células hematopoyéticas de linaje mieloide que surgen de la expansión clonal de sus precursores en la médula ósea, interfiriendo con la diferenciación celular, lo que conlleva a un síndrome de falla medular. La LMA es una consecuencia de cambios genéticos y epigenéticos (mutaciones puntuales, rearreglos de genes, deleciones, amplificaciones y arreglos en cambios epigenéticos que influyen en la expression del gen) en las células hematopoyéticas precursoras, la cual crea una clona de células anormales que son capaces de proliferar, pero no se pueden diferenciar en células hematopoyéticas maduras ni sufrir una muerte celular programada. El diagnostic requiere más del 20% de blastos mieloides en médula ósea y ciertas anormalidades citogénicas. El tratamiento dependerá de la edad, comorbilidades, riesgo citogenético entre las más frecuentes.

Analysis of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients with the Pfizer-BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected for the first time in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Currently, this virus has spread around the world, and new variants have emerged. This new pandemic virus provoked the rapid development of diagnostic tools, therapies and vaccines to control this new disease called COVID-19. Antibody detection by ELISA has been broadly used to recognize the number of persons infected with this virus or to evaluate the response of vaccinated individuals. As the pandemic spread, new questions arose, such as the prevalence of antibodies after natural infection and the response induced by the different vaccines. In Mexico, as in other countries, mRNA and viral-vectored vaccines have been widely used among the population. In this work, we developed an indirect ELISA test to evaluate S1 antibodies in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. By using this test, we showed that IgG antibodies against the S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were detected up to 42 weeks after the onset of the symptoms, in contrast to IgA and IgM, which decreased 14 weeks after the onset of symptoms. The evaluation of the antibody response in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech and CanSinoBio vaccines showed no differences 2 weeks after vaccination. However, after completing the two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech and the one dose of CanSinoBio, a significantly higher response of IgG antibodies was observed in persons vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech than in those vaccinated with CanSinoBio. In conclusion, these results confirm that after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2, it is possible to detect antibodies for up to 10 months. Additionally, our results showed that one dose of the CanSinoBio vaccine induces a lower response of IgG antibodies than that induced by the complete scheme of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

Consenso de leucemia mieloide aguda en México / Mexican consensus in acute myeloid leukemia in Mexico

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cell neoplasms of myeloid lineage that arise from the clonal expansion of their precursors in the bone marrow, interfering with cell differentiation, leading to a syndrome of bone marrow failure. AML is a consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes (point mutations, gene rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and arrangements in epigenetic changes that influence gene expression) in hematopoietic precursor cells, which create a clone of abnormal cells that are capable of proliferating but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells or undergo programmed cell death. The diagnosis requires more than 20% myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and certain cytogenic abnormalities. Treatment will depend on age, comorbidities, and cytogenetic risk among the most frequent.

Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología para la vacunación contra Covid-19 en personas con cáncer en México.

No disponible.

Espondiloptosis traumática C7-T1 sin compromiso neurológico / Traumatic spondyloptosis C7-T1 without neurologic deficit

Resumen: La espondiloptosis traumática es una lesión muy rara y grave generalmente causada por traumatismos de alta energía. Consiste en la dislocación anterior o posterior de 100% o más al cuerpo vertebral subyacente, lo que puede generar compresión y lesión total de la médula espinal, produciendo déficit neurológico; este tipo de lesión representa la etapa 4 y 5 de Allen. Caso clínico: Masculino de 50 años quien sufre accidente automovilístico al colisionar contra muro de contención, generándose lesión de tipo hiperextensión-compresión cervicotorácica, manejado con hemicorpectomía C7, discectomía C7-T1, espondilodesis con placa anterior (C6-C7, C7-T1), toma y aplicación de injerto, abordaje posterior + fascetectomías de C7 + fijación transfacetaria C6 y transpedicular de T1. Discusión: Encontramos que la estabilización temprana con pinza de Gardner más el abordaje anterior y posterior brindan adecuados resultados en cuanto a integridad sensitiva y motora del paciente así como una pronta rehabilitación.

Abstract: Traumatic spondyloptosis is a serious injury usually caused by high-energy trauma; It consists of the anterior or posterior dislocation of 100% or more of the underlying vertebral body, which can become a total injury of the spinal cord, producing a neurological deficit; this type of injury represents stage 4 and 5 of Allen-Ferguson. Clinical case: A 50-year-old man who suffers a car accident, he receive frontal impact when he was a driver, colliding with the retaining wall, referred from another hospital to emergency room, managed with C7 hemicorpectomy, c7-t1 discectomy, spondylodesis with anterior plate (C6-T1), and posterior approach + Fascetectomies of C7-T1, facet joint screws C6 and transpedicular fixation of T1. Discussion: Subaxial cervical spondyloptosis is relatively rare clinical entity, a complete clinical examination is important in diagnosis, taking in considerations the injury mechanism. For treatment we have a multiple options, at this case anterior-posterior (360 degrees) treatment it was the better option for Us; however, must be personalized and consider the early rehabilitation of patient.

A Multi-Institutional Validation of the Prognostic Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Study From The Latin American Group of Lymphoproliferative Disorders (GELL).

INTRODUCTION: We aimed at investigating the prognostic role of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in 2 independent cohorts of Latin American patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with chemoimmunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The learning cohort was composed of 274 patients and the validation cohort of 323 patients, for a total of 597 patients. An optimal NLR cutoff ≥ 4 was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: In multivariate models, NLR ≥ 4 was independently associated with lower odds for complete response to chemoimmunotherapy in the learning (odds ratio, 0.46; P = .006) and the validation cohort (odds ratio, 0.49; P = .01), and independently associated with worse survival in the learning (hazard ratio, 1.55; P = .04) and the validation cohort (hazard ratio, 1.80; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: The adverse prognostic value of NLR ≥ 4 was independent of the International Prognostic Index and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-International Prognostic Index score. Based on the results of this multi-institutional study, NLR ≥ 4 emerges as an adverse prognostic factor in Latin American patients with DLBCL treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk.

Prospect theory is among the most influential frameworks in behavioural science, specifically in research on decision-making under risk. Kahneman and Tversky's 1979 study tested financial choices under risk, concluding that such judgements deviate significantly from the assumptions of expected utility theory, which had remarkable impacts on science, policy and industry. Though substantial evidence supports prospect theory, many presumed canonical theories have drawn scrutiny for recent replication failures. In response, we directly test the original methods in a multinational study (n = 4,098 participants, 19 countries, 13 languages), adjusting only for current and local currencies while requiring all participants to respond to all items. The results replicated for 94% of items, with some attenuation. Twelve of 13 theoretical contrasts replicated, with 100% replication in some countries. Heterogeneity between countries and intra-individual variation highlight meaningful avenues for future theorizing and applications. We conclude that the empirical foundations for prospect theory replicate beyond any reasonable thresholds.

[Traumatic spondyloptosis C7-T1 without neurologic deficit]. / Espondiloptosis traumática C7-T1 sin compromiso neurológico.

Traumatic spondyloptosis is a serious injury usually caused by high-energy trauma; It consists of the anterior or posterior dislocation of 100% or more of the underlying vertebral body, which can become a total injury of the spinal cord, producing a neurological deficit; this type of injury represents stage 4 and 5 of Allen-Ferguson. Clinical case: A 50-year-old man who suffers a car accident, he receive frontal impact when he was a driver, colliding with the retaining wall, referred from another hospital to emergency room, managed with C7 hemicorpectomy, c7-t1 discectomy, spondylodesis with anterior plate (C6-T1), and posterior approach + Fascetectomies of C7-T1, facet joint screws C6 and transpedicular fixation of T1. Discussion: Subaxial cervical spondyloptosis is relatively rare clinical entity, a complete clinical examination is important in diagnosis, taking in considerations the injury mechanism. For treatment we have a multiple options, at this case anterior-posterior (360 degrees) treatment it was the better option for Us; however, must be personalized and consider the early rehabilitation of patient.

La espondiloptosis traumática es una lesión muy rara y grave generalmente causada por traumatismos de alta energía. Consiste en la dislocación anterior o posterior de 100% o más al cuerpo vertebral subyacente, lo que puede generar compresión y lesión total de la médula espinal, produciendo déficit neurológico; este tipo de lesión representa la etapa 4 y 5 de Allen. Caso clínico: Masculino de 50 años quien sufre accidente automovilístico al colisionar contra muro de contención, generándose lesión de tipo hiperextensión-compresión cervicotorácica, manejado con hemicorpectomía C7, discectomía C7-T1, espondilodesis con placa anterior (C6-C7, C7-T1), toma y aplicación de injerto, abordaje posterior + fascetectomías de C7 + fijación transfacetaria C6 y transpedicular de T1. Discusión: Encontramos que la estabilización temprana con pinza de Gardner más el abordaje anterior y posterior brindan adecuados resultados en cuanto a integridad sensitiva y motora del paciente así como una pronta rehabilitación.

NK Cell Subsets Changes in Partial Remission and Early Stages of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the autoimmune destruction of ß-cells in the pancreatic islets. T1D is preceded by islet-specific inflammation led by several immune cells. Among them, natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as important players in T1D development. Human NK cells are characterized by CD56 and CD16 expression, which allows classifying NK cells into four subsets: 1) CD56dimCD16+ or effector NK cells (NKeff); 2) CD56brightCD16- or regulatory NK cells (NKreg); 3) intermediate CD56brightCD16+ NK cells; and 4) CD56dimCD16- NK cells, whose function is not well determined. Since many studies have shown that T1D progression is associated with changes in various immune cell types, we hypothesize that the kinetics of NK cell subsets in the blood could correlate with different stages of T1D. To that aim, pediatric patients newly diagnosed with T1D were recruited, and peripheral NK cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry at several disease checkpoints: disease onset, partial remission (PR), 8 months (for non-remitters), and 12 months of progression. Our results showed that total NK cells and their four subsets are altered at the early stages of T1D. A decrease in the counts and percentage of total NK cells and NKeff cells at the different disease stages was found when compared to controls. These results suggest the extravasation of these cells into the islets at disease onset, which is maintained throughout the follow-up. By contrast, NKreg cells increased during the early stages after T1D onset, and both intermediate NK cells and CD56dimCD16- NK cells diminished at the PR stage, which might reflect the immunoregulatory attempts and could be candidate biomarkers for this stage. Also, CD56dimCD16- NK cells increased during T1D progression. Finally, changes in CD16 expression were identified in the different T1D stages, highlighting a CD16 expression reduction in total NK cells and NKeff cells 1 year after diagnosis. That may reflect a state of exhaustion after multiple cell-to-cell interactions. Altogether, our preliminary data provide a longitudinal picture of peripheral NK cell subpopulations during the different T1D stages, which could be potential candidate biomarkers indicators of disease progression.