[A pesticide in Franco's regime: communicating toxic risks in Spain, 1945-1975]. / Un plaguicida en el franquismo: comunicación de riesgos tóxicos en España, 1945-1975.

This work analyzes the representations of the toxic risks of hexachlorocyclohexane, an active ingredient of many pesticides commonly used in Spanish fields during Franco's regime. Emphasis is placed on the practices that visibilized and invisibilized these risks, seeking to establish the actors that promoted them and the mechanisms they used. From the perspective of agnotology, I analyze the generation of ignorance and uncertainty related to this compound. Likewise, I examine the most prevalent rhetorical strategies used in print sources. To do so, I consulted three main primary sources: Boletín de patología vegetal y entomología agrícola, an agronomy journal for experts; Agricultura, a magazine for farmers, and ABC, a newspaper.

En este trabajo se analizan las representaciones de los riesgos tóxicos del hexaclorociclohexano, un ingrediente activo de plaguicidas de uso común en los campos españoles durante el franquismo. Se hace énfasis en las prácticas que visibilizaron e invisibilizaron dichos riesgos en España entre 1945 y 1975, buscando establecer los actores que las fomentaron y los medios que emplearon. Desde la perspectiva de la agnotología, se analizan los procesos de creación de ignorancia e incertidumbre relacionadas con este compuesto. Asimismo, se examinan las estrategias retóricas utilizadas para abordarlos. Para ello se utilizan tres fuentes primarias principales: la revista de agronomía dirigida a expertos Boletín de patología vegetal y entomología agrícola, la revista dirigida a agricultores Agricultura y el periódico ABC.

Un plaguicida en el franquismo: comunicación de riesgos tóxicos en España, 1945-1975 / A pesticide in Franco's regime: communicating toxic risks in Spain, 1945-1975

Resumen En este trabajo se analizan las representaciones de los riesgos tóxicos del hexaclorociclohexano, un ingrediente activo de plaguicidas de uso común en los campos españoles durante el franquismo. Se hace énfasis en las prácticas que visibilizaron e invisibilizaron dichos riesgos en España entre 1945 y 1975, buscando establecer los actores que las fomentaron y los medios que emplearon. Desde la perspectiva de la agnotología, se analizan los procesos de creación de ignorancia e incertidumbre relacionadas con este compuesto. Asimismo, se examinan las estrategias retóricas utilizadas para abordarlos. Para ello se utilizan tres fuentes primarias principales: la revista de agronomía dirigida a expertos Boletín de patología vegetal y entomología agrícola, la revista dirigida a agricultores Agricultura y el periódico ABC.

Abstract This work analyzes the representations of the toxic risks of hexachlorocyclohexane, an active ingredient of many pesticides commonly used in Spanish fields during Franco's regime. Emphasis is placed on the practices that visibilized and invisibilized these risks, seeking to establish the actors that promoted them and the mechanisms they used. From the perspective of agnotology, I analyze the generation of ignorance and uncertainty related to this compound. Likewise, I examine the most prevalent rhetorical strategies used in print sources. To do so, I consulted three main primary sources: Boletín de patología vegetal y entomología agrícola, an agronomy journal for experts; Agricultura, a magazine for farmers, and ABC, a newspaper.

The object of study of hygiene in the texts published in Spain in the 19th century.

With the current COVID-19 pandemic that humanity is experiencing and the mobilization of all health systems to exercise sanitary measures such as quarantines and other measures to reduce infections, it should be remembered that these practices have been possible thanks to the experiences that in hygiene matters we have accumulated in our history. This essay aims to highlight about hygiene, the historicity of the concept, and its object of study as a medical discipline, in medical texts published in Spain during the 19th century, to help us understand the contributions of this science to current clinical practice and for these purposes, the bibliographic material was obtained from the National Library of Spain.

Con la actual pandemia de COVID-19 que la humanidad vive y la movilización de todos los sistemas de salud para ejercer medidas sanitarias, como los confinamientos, las cuarentenas y otras medidas para disminuir los contagios, vale la pena recordar que estas prácticas han sido posibles por las experiencias que en materia de higiene hemos acumulado en nuestra historia. Este ensayo tiene como objetivo destacar la higiene, la historicidad del concepto y su objeto de estudio como disciplina médica, en textos publicados en España en el siglo XIX, para ayudarnos a entender los aportes de esta ciencia a la práctica clínica actual. Con tales fines se obtuvo el material bibliográfico en la Biblioteca Nacional de España.

La higiene en la ciudad de Morelia, México, durante el régimen del porfiriato.

Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de documentar el estado de la higiene y los preceptos que a ella atañen en la ciudad de Morelia, México, durante el porfiriato. Para ello se consultaron documentos de la época, como periódicos, memorias de gobierno, leyes y reformas del Bando de Policía decretados por los gobiernos en turno en materia de higiene privada y pública.This work was carried out with the objective of documenting the state of hygiene and the precepts that concern it, in the city of Morelia, Mexico during the Porfiriato period. In order to do that, documents of that time were consulted such as newspapers, government reports, laws and reforms of the Police Band decreed by the governments, concerning public and private hygiene.

Apuntes sobre la institucionalización de la Medicina en Michoacán, siglo XIX.

El objetivo del estudio fue mostrar rasgos identitarios del proceso de institucionalización de la Medicina en el siglo XIX en Michoacán. Se señalan aspectos relevantes de la creación y la evolución de las instituciones relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud de los michoacanos durante el siglo XIX a partir de la revisión de material hemerográfico y textos referentes a la práctica de la Medicina en esa centuria, en el Estado de Michoacán.The objective of the study was to show identity traits of the process of institutionalization of Medicine in the 19th century in Michoacán. Relevant aspects of the creation and evolution of the institutions related to the health care of Michoacans during the 19th century are pointed out from the review of hemerographic material and texts referring to the practice of medicine in that century, in the State from Michoacan.

Evaluation of a Person-Centered, Theory-Based Intervention to Promote Health Behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Effective promotion of health behaviors requires strong interventions. Applying person-centered approaches and concepts synthesized from two motivational theories could strengthen the effects of such interventions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to report the effect sizes, fidelity, and acceptability of a person-centered, health behavior intervention based on self-regulation and self-determination theories. METHODS: Using a pre- and postintervention design, with a 4-week follow-up, advanced practice registered nurses made six weekly contacts with 52 volunteer participants. Most participants were educated White women. Advanced practice registered nurses elicited participant motives and particular goals for either healthy diet or physical activity behaviors. Minutes and type of activity and servings of fat and fruit/vegetables were assessed. RESULTS: Effect sizes for engaging in moderate aerobic activity and in fruit/vegetable and fat intake were 0.53, 0.82, and -0.57, respectively. The fidelity of delivery was 80-97% across contacts, and fidelity of participants' receipt of intervention components was supported. Participant acceptance of the intervention was supported by positive ratings on aspects of relevance and usefulness. DISCUSSION: To advance the science of health behavior change and improve client health status, person-centered approaches and concepts synthesized from motivational theories can be applied and tested with a randomized, controlled design and diverse samples to replicate and extend this promising behavioral intervention.

Technology-enhanced practice for patients with chronic cardiac disease: home implementation and evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: This 3-year field experiment engaged 60 nurses and 282 patients in the design and evaluation of an innovative home-care nursing model, referred to as technology-enhanced practice (TEP). METHODS: Nurses using TEP augmented the usual care with a web-based resource (HeartCareII) that provided patients with self-management information, self-monitoring tools, and messaging services. RESULTS: Patients exposed to TEP demonstrated better quality of life and self-management of chronic heart disease during the first 4 weeks, and were no more likely than patients in usual care to make unplanned visits to a clinician or hospital. Both groups demonstrated the same long-term symptom management and achievements in health status. CONCLUSION: This project provides new evidence that the purposeful creation of patient-tailored web resources within a hospital portal is possible; that nurses have difficulty with modifying their practice routines, even with a highly-tailored web resource; and that the benefits of this intervention are more discernable in the early postdischarge stages of care.

An individualized representational intervention to improve symptom management (IRIS) in older breast cancer survivors: three pilot studies.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility and acceptability of an individualized representational intervention to improve symptom management (IRIS) in older breast cancer survivors and test the short-term effects of an IRIS on symptom distress. DESIGN: Two small randomized clinical trials and one pre-experimental study. SETTING: Oncology clinic and community. SAMPLE: 41 women with breast cancer (aged 65 years and older) in pilot study 1, 20 in pilot study 2, and 21 in pilot study 3. METHODS: In pilot study 1, women were randomized to the IRIS or usual care control. In pilot study 2, women were randomized to the IRIS or delayed IRIS (wait list) control. In pilot study 3, all women received the IRIS by telephone. Measures were collected at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up (up to four months). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Feasibility, acceptability, symptom distress, symptom management behaviors, symptom management barriers, and quality of life. FINDINGS: Across three pilot studies, 76% of eligible women participated, 95% completed the study, 88% reported the study was helpful, and 91% were satisfied with the study. Some measures of symptom distress decreased significantly after the IRIS, but quality of life was stable. Women in the IRIS group changed their symptom management behaviors more than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence supports the need for and feasibility of an IRIS. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses may help older breast cancer survivors manage their numerous chronic symptoms more effectively by assessing women's beliefs about their symptoms and their current symptom management strategies.