RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: There is a dearth of literature on health outcomes for Black people who identify as deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). Black DHH individuals generally experience at least 2 types of oppression, racism and audism, both of which contribute to health disparities within the Black and Deaf communities.To understand the prevalence of health outcomes in a Black DHH adult sample and compare this to a Black hearing sample.A descriptive cross-sectional study with primary Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)- American Sign Language survey data from Black DHH adults and secondary National Cancer Institute-HINTS English survey data from Black hearing adults.Black DHH adults and Black hearing adults (18âyears or older).Using NCI's health information national trends survey in American Sign Language and English, self-reported data was gathered for all medical conditions as diagnosed by healthcare providers.The study showed that Black DHH adults had a higher likelihood for diabetes, hypertension, lung disease, cancer, and comorbidity compared to their hearing Black counterparts.Black DHH adults are at disparity for certain medical conditions compared to the general Black adult population. Future directions are needed to ensure that anti-racist policies include consideration of people with sensory disabilities. Inclusion of cultural and language needs of Black DHH patients in cultural humility training for healthcare providers is recommended to address health disparity in this population.
Asunto(s)
Sordera , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Pérdida Auditiva , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Estudios Transversales , Sordera/epidemiología , Sordera/etnología , Audición , Pérdida Auditiva/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva/etnología , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The chloroplast-resident RNA helicase ISE2 (INCREASED SIZE EXCLUSION LIMIT2) can modulate the formation and distribution of plasmodesmata and intercellular trafficking. We have determined that ISE2 expression is induced by viral infection. Therefore, the responses of Nicotiana benthamiana plants with varying levels of ISE2 expression to infection by Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip mosaic virus were examined. Surprisingly, increased or decreased ISE2 expression led to faster viral systemic spread and, in some cases, enhanced systemic necrosis. The contributions of RNA silencing and hormone-mediated immune responses to the increased viral susceptibility of these plants were assessed. In addition, Arabidopsis thaliana plants with increased ISE2 expression were found to be more susceptible to infection by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Our analyses provide intriguing insights into unexpected functional roles of a chloroplast protein in mediating plant-pathogen interactions. The possible roles of plasmodesmata in determining the outcomes of these interactions are also discussed.
