Helicobacter Pylori infection in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between Helicobacter-pylori(Hp)infection and inflammatory-bowel-disease(IBD) in pediatric-patients remains controversial. We aimed to assess the Hp-infection occurrence in newly-diagnosed pediatric-patients with IBD compared to no-IBD patients. Additionally, we aimed to examine differences in clinical-activity-index(CAI) and endoscopic-severity-score(ESS)between IBD-patients with and without Hp-infection, at baseline and at 1-year-follow-up(FU), after eradication-therapy(ET). METHODS: IBD diagnosis was based on Porto-criteria, and all patients underwent gastroscopy at baseline and 1-year FU. For Crohn's-disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC), IBD-CAI and -ESS were classified using PCDAI/SES-CD and PUCAI/UCEIS, respectively. RESULTS: 76 IBD-patients were included in the study[35 F(46.1%),median-age 12(range 2-17)]. CD and UC were diagnosed in 29(38.2%) and 45(59.2%)patients, respectively, and unclassified-IBD in two(2.6%)patients. Non-IBD patients were 148[71 F(48.0%),median-age 12(range 1-17)]. Hp-infection at baseline was reported in 7(9.2%) and 18(12.2%)IBD and non-IBD patients, respectively(p = 0.5065). The 7 IBD patients with Hp infection were compared to 69 IBD patients without Hp-infection at baseline evaluation, and no significant differences were reported considering CAI and ESS in these two groups. At 1-year FU, after ET, IBD patients with Hp infection improved, both for CAI and ESS, but statistical significance was not reached. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of Hp-infection did not differ between IBD and no-IBD patients. No differences in CAI or ESS were observed at the diagnosis, and after ET no worsening of CAI or ESS was noted at one-year FU, between Hp-positive and -negative IBD patients.

Long-Term Drug Survival and Effectiveness of Secukinumab in Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: 42-Month Results from the SUPREME 2.0 Study.

Purpose: SUPREME, a phase IIIb study conducted in Italy, demonstrated safety and high efficacy of secukinumab for up to 72 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis. SUPREME 2.0 study aimed to provide real-world data on the long-term drug survival and effectiveness of secukinumab beyond 72 weeks. Patients and Methods: SUPREME 2.0 is a retrospective observational chart review study conducted in patients previously enrolled in SUPREME study. After the end of the SUPREME study, eligible patients continued treatment as per clinical practice, and their effectiveness and drug survival data were retrieved from medical charts. Results: Of the 415 patients enrolled in the SUPREME study, 297 were included in SUPREME 2.0; of which, 210 (70.7%) continued secukinumab treatment throughout the 42-month observation period. Patients in the biologic-naïve cohort had higher drug survival than those in the biologic-experienced cohort (74.9% vs 61.7%), while HLA-Cw6-positive and HLA-Cw6-negative patients showed similar drug survival (69.3% and 71.9%). After 42 months, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 was achieved by 79.6% of patients overall; with a similar proportion of biologic-naïve and biologic-experienced patients achieving PASI90 (79.8% and 79.1%). The mean absolute PASI score reduced from 21.94 to 1.38 in the overall population, 21.90 to 1.24 in biologic-naïve and 22.03 to 1.77 in biologic-experienced patients after 42 months. The decrease in the absolute PASI score was comparable between HLA-Cw6-positive and HLA-Cw6-negative patients. The baseline Dermatology Life Quality Index scores also decreased in the overall patients (10.5 to 2.32) and across all study sub-groups after 42 months. Safety was consistent with the known profile of secukinumab, with no new findings. Conclusion: In this real-world cohort study, secukinumab showed consistently high long-term drug survival and effectiveness with a favourable safety profile.

Retracted article A case of Koebner phenomenon in a patient with tattoo to lips.

Statement of RetractionWe, the Editors and Publisher of the Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy have retracted the following article:Antonella Tammaro, Irene Romano, Francesca Parisella, Flavia Persechino & Severino Persechino (2016) A case of Koebner phenomenon in a patient with tattoo to lips, Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2016.1197401Since publication of the accepted author version, authors have not responded to requests to submit corrections and approve proofs, preventing the final publication of the Version of Record (VoR).We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as 'Retracted'.

Is Melanoma Progression Affected by Thyroid Diseases?

Clinical and epidemiological evidence indicate a relationship between thyroid diseases and melanoma. In particular, the hypothyroidism condition appears to promote melanoma spread, which suggests a protective role of thyroid hormones against disease progression. In addition, experimental data suggest that, in addition to thyroid hormones, other hormonal players of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, namely the thyrotropin releasing hormone and the thyrotropin, are likely to affect melanoma cells behavior. This information warrants further clinical and experimental studies in order to build a precise pattern of action of the HPT hormones on melanoma cells. An improved knowledge of the involved molecular mechanism(s) could lead to a better and possibly personalized clinical management of these patients.

Real-world outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with guselkumab for up to 1 year.

BACKGROUND: Real-world data on guselkumab, especially at times >6 months, are limited. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a longitudinal, retrospective analysis on 307 patients with moderate-severe chronic plaque psoriasis (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI] >10) treated with guselkumab for up to 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 were assessed at baseline and at 4, 12, 20, 28, 36, 44, and 52 weeks. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 were achieved in 56.4%, 33.6%, and 24.1% of patients, respectively. At 52 weeks, PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 were achieved in 82.7%, 68.7%, and 51.1% of patients, respectively. Patients without comorbidities and those naïve to previous biological therapy had better responses. The mean Dermatology Life Quality Index score decreased from 14.0 at baseline to 3.1 at 12 weeks and 1.6 at 6 months, which was maintained at later times. Similar improvements were seen in pruritus visual analog scale. CONCLUSIONS: Guselkumab maintains its efficacy for up to 12 months among responders in a real-world cohort of patients with moderate-severe plaque psoriasis, confirming data from prior real-world studies with smaller cohorts and shorter duration of follow-up.

Biosimilar versus originator etanercept: a real-life clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Over the last few years, novel therapeutic approaches based on the use of monoclonal antibodies against cytokines, or their cognate receptors, involved in psoriasis progression have shown remarkable results, being capable to reduce disease progression and increase patient's quality of life. Among these is etanercept (Enbrel®, Pfizer, Sandwich, UK) and its biosimilar compound SB4 (Benepali®, Samsung Bioepis, Delft, The Netherlands), both approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Aim of the present study was to evaluate in a less controlled environment, such as real-life, the actual bioequivalence between the etanercept (ETN) and the SB4 in term of safety, efficacy and patient's quality of life. METHODS: For this purpose, we analyzed a case study consisting of 65 patients affected by plaque psoriasis, with or without psoriatic arthritis at our dermatological outpatient center of Sant'Andrea Hospital in Rome, all of them under treatment with either ETN or the biosimilar SB4 drug for at least 3 months. The indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapies were the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for itch, the VAS for pain, and the Dermatology Life Quality Index. RESULTS: The results showed no significant differences among the two drugs in all the analyzed parameters confirming the equivalence between the ETN and its biosimilar SB4. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we can confirm the overlapping clinical efficacy between ETN and its biosimilar SB4 drug and that even in an uncontrolled environment such as real-life, the biosimilar drugs are an excellent opportunity to reduce health costs allowing to expand the audience of patients who can benefit from these innovative treatments.

Deep Sequencing of Immunoglobulin Genes Identifies a Very Low Percentage of Monoclonal B Cells in Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphomas with CD30-Positive Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg-like Cells.

The spectrum of cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders encompasses both inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. CD30+ Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg-like cells have been occasionally reported in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, where they are thought to represent a side neoplastic component within a dominant background of lymphomatous small B cells. Herein, we describe the histological and molecular findings of three cases of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas with CD30+ H/RS cells, in which next-generation sequencing analysis revealed the clonal population to consist in less than 5% of the cutaneous B-cell infiltrate, providing a thought-provoking focus on a possible main role for CD30+ cells in primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferations.

Vitiligo with Progressive Repigmentation during Secukinumab Treatment in a Patient with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case Report.

The proposed role of interleukin (IL)-17 in vitiligo pathogenesis, as well as the possible action of anti-IL-17A drugs on vitiligo, are not fully understood. The appearance of vitiligo as a paradoxical effect of treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α drugs is an event well known in the literature, but is rarely described with anti-IL-17A drugs. In this case report, we describe a 42-year-old woman who developed new-onset vitiligo with repigmentation during successful secukinumab therapy for psoriatic arthritis. After 1 year of secukinumab therapy, vitiligo affecting >85% of the skin was evident on clinical and dermatoscopic examination, together with small, repigmented lesions. In depigmented lesions, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) showed disappearance of the bright dermal papillary rings normally seen at the dermo-epidermal junction. In repigmented lesions, activated dendritic melanocytes were observed on RCM. The patient continued to receive secukinumab, and continued to experience a slow and progressive repigmentation. Our case shows that anti-IL-17A biological agents for chronic inflammatory diseases may be associated with the development of new-onset vitiligo that improves over time with ongoing therapy. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the possibility of this rare paradoxical skin reaction in patients receiving secukinumab, and that it may not be necessary to discontinue secukinumab to achieve repigmentation.

Skin Manifestations and Coeliac Disease in Paediatric Population.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by gluten ingestion, affecting approximately 1% of the worldwide population. Extraintestinal symptoms may be present as the first signs of CD, years before the CD diagnosis is made. A great variety of extraintestinal manifestations may be associated with CD. Cutaneous manifestations represent the main extraintestinal manifestations, with dermatitis herpetiformis being the most common in patients with CD. In adults, it has been demonstrated that the role of a gluten-free diet is crucial not only for the recovery of signs and symptoms associated with CD but also for cutaneous manifestations, which often improve after gluten avoidance. In children with CD, the association with skin disorders is well documented regarding dermatitis herpetiformis, but studies considering other dermatological conditions, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, are few. The prevalence and manifestations of dermatological disorders in celiac children are often different from those in adults, explaining the gap between these populations. In addition, the therapeutic role of a gluten-free diet in the improvement in skin alterations is not fully understood in children and in adult population except for dermatitis herpetiformis. Therefore, cutaneous CD symptoms need to be known and recognized by physicians despite their specialties to improve early CD diagnosis, which is critical for a better prognosis. This review describes the current scientific evidence on skin manifestations associated with CD in the pediatric population.

May Bacterial Infections Trigger Bullous Pemphigoid? Case Report and Review of Literature.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease, mainly observed in the elderly. Infections have been suggested as possible disease triggers. However, infections may even heavily influence the disease clinical course and mortality. A 75-year-old woman was admitted to hospital for severe erythematosus blistering disease, accompanied by hyper-eosinophilia and hyper-IgE. The culture of bullous fluid was positive for Enterococcus faecalis, the blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus, and the urine culture was positive for Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. Moreover, circulating anti-BP180 IgG was present and the histopathological/ultrastructural examination of a lesional skin biopsy was compatible with BP. High eosinophil levels (up to 3170/µL) were found throughout the clinical course, while values below 1000/µL were associated with clinical improvement. The total IgE was 1273 IU/mL, and specific anti-G/V-penicillin/ampicillin IgE antibodies were positive. The patient had a complete clinical recovery in two months with methyl-prednisolone (40 then 20 mg/day) and low-dose azathioprine (50 mg/day) as a steroid-sparing agent. The steroid treatment was tapered until interruption during a one-year period and intravenous immunoglobulins have been administered for three years in order for azathioprine to also be interrupted. The patient stopped any treatment five years ago and, in this period, has always been in good health. In this case, the contemporaneous onset of different bacterial infections and BP is suggestive of bacterial infections acting as BP trigger(s), with allergic and autoimmune pathways contributing to the disease pathogenesis.

Risk of Depression Associated With Finasteride Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Finasteride is one of several inhibitors of the 5α-reductase that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone used to treat hair loss and benign prostatic enlargement. Emerging clinical observations indicate that such treatment may be associated with depression, anxiety, and possibly increased suicidal risks, in addition to sexual dysfunction, even after its discontinuation. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review of reports pertaining to association of finasteride treatment with clinical depression or other adverse psychiatric effects. We analyzed reported risks of depression by pooling of rates and by meta-analysis of comparisons of subjects treated with finasteride or not. FINDINGS: Crude pooled rates of depressive symptoms with versus without finasteride were 3.33% (confidence interval, 3.22%-3.44%) versus 2.54% (2.44%-2.64%); random-effects meta-analysis yielded an odds ratio of 2.14 (1.40-3.27) (both P < 0.0001). In addition, risk of suicidal ideation or behavior was greater with versus without finasteride (21.2% [21.0%-21.5%] vs 14.0% [13.8%-14.2%], P < 0.0001), and risk of sustained sexual dysfunction was high (60.1% [37.3%-82.9%]). CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a growing impression that finasteride is associated with adverse psychiatric effects that can persist in association with sexual dysfunction after discontinuing finasteride treatment.

Suicidal risks with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence of increased suicidal risk in association with psoriasis is growing, but findings concerning atopic dermatitis are inconsistent. METHODS: We systematically reviewed reports of suicidal ideation, attempts, or suicides among subjects diagnosed with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis compared to healthy controls or persons with other illnesses. Reported rates of suicidal ideation and behavior were compared among the groups, using meta-analyses to compare suicidal rates with dermatologic patients versus controls, as well as between dermatological diagnoses. RESULTS: Mean rates of suicidal ideation with psoriasis were 1.60-fold (13.9%/8.67%) above controls, and with atopic dermatitis, 1.84-fold higher (16.8%/9.12%); meta-analyses found similar differences: psoriasis (OR = 1.97 [CI: 1.26-3.08]; p = 0.003) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.62 [1.32-5.19]; p = 0.006). For suicidal acts, with psoriasis, mean rates versus controls were 2.51-fold higher (3.34%/1.33%), and 2.81-fold higher (5.03%/1.79%) with atopic dermatitis; meta-analyses found significantly more suicidal acts with psoriasis (OR = 1.42 [1.05-1.92]; p = 0.02) and a similar tendency with atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.53 [0.96-2.45]; p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings support emerging evidence of increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior with psoriasis and extend it to increased risk of suicidal ideation and a trend toward increased suicidal acts with atopic dermatitis.

Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Melanoma Development.

Therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) with disease-modifying agents such as natalizumab or fingolimod has been associated with the development of cutaneous melanoma. Here we briefly revise literature data and report of a case of a 48-year old woman who developed a melanoma and several atypical naevi after sub sequential treatment with natalizumab (1 year) and fingolimod (7 years). By immunohistochemistry we observed the presence of T cells and leukocyte infiltration as well as of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression in the patient melanoma biopsy. Then, we analyzed proliferation, migration and VEGF-A expression in three melanoma cell lines and found out that both natalizumab and fingolimod inhibited tumor cell proliferation but promoted or blocked cell migration depending on the cell line examined. VEGF-A secretion was augmented in one melanoma cell line only after fingolimod treatment. In conclusion, our in vitro data do not support the hypothesis of a direct action of natalizumab or fingolimod on melanoma progression but acting on the tumor microenvironment these treatments could indirectly favor melanoma evolution.

Atypical koebner phenomenon on a tattoo.

Tattooing is more and more popular in developed countries in recent years and many side effects are associated with this practice, including psoriatic lesions and Koebner phenomenon. We report the case of a lichenoid reaction to red pigment in a patient affected by psoriasis.