RESUMEN
In assisted reproduction technology, embryo competence is routinely evaluated on morphological criteria. Over the last decade, efforts in improving non-invasive embryo assessment have looked into the secretome of embryos. Human embryos release genomic DNA (gDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the culture medium, and the mtDNA/gDNA ratio is significantly correlated with embryo fragmentation. Here, we investigate whether mtDNA/gDNA ratio in embryo spent medium is correlated with blastulation potential and implantation. The mtDNA/gDNA ratio was assessed in 699 Day 3 culture media by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate its correlation with embryo morphology, blastocyst development and implantation. A logistic regression model evaluated whether mtDNA/gDNA ratio in the secretome may improve the prediction of blastulation. We found that embryos that successfully developed into blastocysts exhibited a significantly higher mtDNA/gDNA ratio in the culture medium compared with those that arrest (P = 0.0251), and mtDNA/gDNA, combined with morphological grading, has the potential to predict blastulation better than morphology alone (P = 0.02). Moreover, mtDNA/gDNA ratio was higher in the media from good-quality embryos that reached the full blastocyst stage on Day 5 compared with those that developed more slowly (P < 0.0001). With respect to blastocyst morphology, higher trophectoderm quality was associated with a higher mtDNA/gDNA ratio in the culture medium. Finally, a high mtDNA/gDNA ratio in spent medium was associated with successful implantation outcome (P = 0.0452) of good-quality embryos. In summary, the mtDNA/gDNA ratio in the Day 3 embryo secretome, in combination with morphological grading, may be a novel, non-invasive, early biomarker to improve identification of viable embryos with high developmental potential.
Asunto(s)
Blastocisto/metabolismo , Medios de Cultivo/metabolismo , ADN Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Implantación del Embrión , Blastocisto/patología , Supervivencia Celular , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Técnicas de Cultivo de Embriones , Transferencia de Embrión , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Sleep disorders occupay an important position among the pathologies which may precede the appearance of headache. Some authors consider sleep disorders an expression of a functional, biochemical and/or neurotransmission alteration at central nervous system level. Sleep disorders may be distinguished, according to the Association Sleep Disorders classification in: alteration of the sleep-awake cycle, hypersomnia, parasomnia, insomnia. We observed 1876 normal children ranging from 3 to 14 years of age, 1073 (60.4%) of whom presented sleep disorders. Few studies have been carried out on the incidence of sleep disorders on casistics of healthy children. Date reported in literature state that sleep disorders do not exceed 25% of cases that is not more than one child out of four presents sleep disorders. This percentage is much lower than the 60.4% rate observed by us in children suffering from primary headache. Our results stress the importance of sleep disorders as a cephalalgic risk factor.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Migrañosos/complicaciones , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The authors report the results of immunological investigations performed on a patient affected by Kawasaki disease. The study was performed on the first case of this disease observed in Italy in an adult. The immunological findings are discussed in view of the recent reports of the international literature.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/inmunología , Adulto , Formación de Anticuerpos , Proteínas del Sistema Complemento/inmunología , Femenino , Salud Global , Humanos , Italia , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/epidemiología , Formación de Roseta , Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The synthesis of 6-cis-dimethylamino-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-5-cis-ol (III) starting from 6-cis-dimethylamino-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2] octan-5-trans-ol (I) is described. Starting from aminoalcohol (II), a series of esters (IV) and N-substituted urethanes (V) was prepared. Benzoate (IV e) showed a remarkable hypotensive and bradycardic activity in rats, whereas acetate (IV a) showed infiltration anesthesia and antiarrhythmic activity in mice slightly inferior to those of lidocaine. Antiacetylcholine activity in vitro is also reported.
