[Endoscopic and morphometric analysis of the reduction of acute inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa after therapy with Regasthym Gastro].

AIM: To analyze the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Regasthym Gastro (alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan) in the treatment of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis according to endoscopic and morphometric studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a double-blind placebo-controlled study, the results of gastroscopy and histological (morphometric) studies were retrospective analyzed in 80 patients diagnosed with chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori in exacerbation: 43 patients took Regasthym Gastro, 37 patients - placebo. The conclusions of the gastroscopy were structured in the form of a standardized scale, which included an assessment of criteria in points (from 0 to 3): thickness of folds, hyperemia, edema of the gastric mucosa, the signs of atrophy, metaplasia; the severity of the erosive process. The sum of points according to all criteria was used to assess the dynamics of the inflammatory process: positive dynamics; lack of dynamics; the pathological process is progressing. The results of the endoscopic examination were compared with morphometry data (the number of inflammation pool cells per 1 mm2 of gastric mucosa). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 12 application software package. RESULTS: According to the gastroscopy, before therapy, hyperemia of the gastric mucosa was present in 82.5%, edema - in 53.8%, erosion - in 17.5%, signs of metaplasia - in 12.5% of patients. After therapy with the investigated drug a statistically significant decrease in the severity of edema of the gastric mucosa (p=0.008), the total set of signs of acute inflammatory process (p=0.006), a decrease in the proportion of outcomes with negative dynamics of the inflammatory process (p=0.038) was revealed. Statistically significant (p<0.05) correlations were found between gastroscopy data of inflammation and the number of neutrophil, eosinophil granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes per 1 mm2. CONCLUSION: Regasthym Gastro contributes to a significant decrease in the severity of the inflammatory process according to the evaluation of the results of gastroscopy and morphometry. It is possible to recommend the inclusion of this drug in the complex therapy of chronic gastritis to increase the effectiveness and reduce the risks of progression of inflammation.

[Repair stimulator alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in the complex therapy of chronic atrophic gastritis: results of histological examination]. / Stimulyator reparatsii al'fa-glutamil-triptofan v kompleksnoi terapii khronicheskogo atroficheskogo gastrita: rezul'taty gistologicheskogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the repair stimulator alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan on the morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the expression of CXCL-12 and CDX-2 in chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Biopsy samples of 116 patients with a verified diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori were analyzed in a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. During the morphological study, the parameters characterizing the process of atrophy were evaluated: the number of glands per 1 mm2 of the gastric mucosa, the depth of the gastric mucosa glands, the number of parietal cells per 100 epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, and the presence of signs of intestinal metaplasia. Primary antibodies Anti-CXCL-12 (MA5-23759) and Anti-CDX-2 (EP25) were used to set up immunohistochemical reactions to verify the expression of CXCL-12 and CDX-2. RESULTS: In patients taking the studied drug, a statistically significant increase in the number of glands per 1 mm2 of the gastric mucosa was revealed when compared with the initial screening indicators by 26.1% (p=0.028) and with the placebo group (p=0.026), a tendency to decrease the signs of intestinal metaplasia was determined. There was a statistically significant increase in the expression in the relative area of CXCL-12 expression in patients taking placebo when compared with the parameters of the initial data (p=0.045) and the absence of statistically significant changes in the main group. A statistically significant increase in the relative area of the CDX-2 expression was revealed in the group taking alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan in comparison with the baseline data (p=0.015), no statistically significant dynamics of this indicator was found in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant positive effect of the study drug on regenerative mechanisms leading to stabilization and/or improvement of the histological picture in the atrophic area of the gastric mucosa was found in comparison with the control of the initial state and with placebo. The results of an immunohistochemical study to increase CDX-2 expression while taking the study drug can also be regarded as an indicator of improvement in reparative processes.

INFLUENCE OF THE IMIQUIMOD ON THE INTERFERON PRODUCTION AND TREATMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION.

BACKGROUND: Imiquimod is an imidazole derivative acting as an immunomodulator on the level of innate and adaptive immune system. Our objective was to evaluate the antiviral activity of generically reproduced imiquimod administered subcutaneously in mice and intravaginally in guinea pigs against herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as to study the dynamics of serum interferon (IFN) synthesis under different dosing regimens. RESULTS: When administered subcutaneously at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg imiquimod increased IFN production in mice in a dose-dependent manner with maximum serum IFN concentrations occurring 4 hours after dosing. Imiquimod protected mice from intraperitoneal HSV infection at doses of 3.2 and 32 LD50.The utmost protection (100% survival) was observed when imiquimod was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 5 days before infection. Topical application of imiquimod 5% cream exhibited significantly more rapid and complete virus elimination in guinea pigs intravaginally infected with HSV type 2 compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Imiquimod produced as a generic possesses the same immunomodulatory and antiviral properties as the originally synthesized substance.

Comparative efficiency of pathogen treatment of acute respiratory viral infections.

The article presents the results of clinical studies on the comparative effectiveness of different forms of the drug Cytovir-3 (syrup and powder for solution for oral administration) and Immunal l in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in children. It was found in a comparative randomized parallel-group study of 90 children aged two through six years that the drug Cytovir-3 (syrup and powder) became active faster than the comparison drug Immunal, providing normalization of body temperature, reduction of some manifestations of the general intoxication and respiratory syndrome, as well as elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin A. All drugs in the study had an equally normalizing effect on the content of peripheral blood leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. The compared products were characterized by good tolerability, lack of side effects and high preventive efficacy against respiratory disease complications. Cytovir-3 drugs (syrup and powder for oral solution) and Immunal had similar ratios of clinical and laboratory safety, efficacy and tolerability. Both products can be used for the treatment of respiratory diseases in children aged two through six years.

[Application thymogen for preoperative preparation of elderly patients with tumor processes in abdominal cavity].

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of Thymogen preparation for elderly patients for surgery on the solid tumors in abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space was carried out. The drug has been administered by intranasal instillation of 100 mg once a day for 7 days before surgery. The isotonic sodium chloride solution for the placebo group in the same scheme was used. The preoperative use of Thymogen proved to be useful to restore the structural and functional parameters of cellular immunity. Immunomodulatory therapy resulted in the significant decrease in the number and range of post-operative complications and the shorting of the postoperative period.

[Adaptive immune response of people living near chemically hazardous object].

The article presents data dynamics of adaptive immune responses of people for a long time living in adverse environmental conditions caused by pollution of the environment by industrial toxic waste. It is shown that in the process of adaptation to adverse environmental factors, changes in the immune system are in the phase fluctuations of immunological parameters that are accompanied by changes in the structure of immunodependent pathology. Most sensitive to prolonged exposure to toxic compounds are the cellular mechanisms of immune protection. Violations of the structural and quantitative and functional parameters of the link of the immune system are leading to the formation of immunopathological processes.

[Cycloferon, as an agent in the therapy and urgent prophylaxis of influenza and acute respiratory tract viral infection (multicentre randomized controlled comparative study)].

Data on the study of the efficacy of the tablets of cycloferon, an early inductor of types 1 and 2 interferon, in the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory tract viral infections in adults are presented. The study enrolled 522 patients with moderate influenza of type A (H1N1) verified in 61% of the patients and type A (H3N2) verified in 7.5% of the cases. The patients were randomized with the envelope procedure. In the patients treated with cycloferon the intensity and period of the fever were stopped earlier and averaged from 1.8 to 3 days vs. 5 days in the reference group (symptomatic therapy). The improvement signs in the general state of the patients treated with cycloferon were noted on the 2nd day. The influenza complication as pneumonia was recorded in 2.2% of the patients treated with cycloferon, whereas in the patients under the symptomatic therapy the complications as bronchitis, pneumonia, angina were stated in 21.4% of the cases. For urgent prophylaxis of the influenza and respiratory tract viral infections (epidemiologic study) a group of 3717 subjects randomized with the table of random numbers was observed. 2080 patients were treated with cycloferon and 1637 patients were under the symptomatic therapy. The results were evaluated by the efficacy index and the protection estimate (T. A. Semenenko, 1991). The total efficacy index and the protection estimate in all the patients of the group were 4.9 and 79.8% respectively. The complicated forms of the disease were recorded in 1.5% of the patients treated with cycloferon and in 10.5 and 11.3% of the patients not treated with cycloferon.

[Cycloferon--a new domestic preparation for the prophylaxis of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections]. / Tsikloferon--novyi otechestvennyi preparat dlia profilaktiki grippa i drugikh ORVI.

The results of the placebo-controlled multicenter study of the epidemiological efficiency of the preparation Cycloferon for the prophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections in children and adolescents are presented. A total of 16,000 children and adolescents were selected for the study. The epidemiological efficiency of the preparation manifested in 1.5- 2.9-fold decreased morbidity level with a protection index equal to 41 - 90%, was demonstrated.

[Clinical significance of the determination of R-proteins in the ejaculate of patients with chronic prostatitis]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie opredeleniia R-belkov v éiakuliate u bol'nykh khronicheskim prostatitom.

Products of cell receptor (R-proteins) catabolic lysis were measured in ejaculate of 121 patients with chronic prostatitis and 15 healthy males. R-protein levels were higher in the patients (U = 172.5; p = 0.047). When immunological indices of the ejaculate (IgA, sIgA, IgG, IgM, interleukin-8) were measured, it was found that in patients with chronic prostatitis there is a positive correlation between concentration of interleukin-8 and content of R-proteins (r = 0.43; p = 0.028). Positive correlation also exists between R-protein content and prostate volume (r = 0.24; p = 0.034) while negative one--between R-proteins concentration and size of the hypoechogenic sites in the prostate (r = -0.25; p = 0.039), between R-proteins in the ejaculate and serum level of fibrinogen B (r = -0.25; p = 0.021). It is inferred that elevation of ejaculate R-protein level occurs in alteration of the prostate. The test for R-proteins in ejaculate can be helpful in detection of early stages of chronic prostatitis.

[The adaptation of the human immune system during an ecological disaster]. / K probleme adaptatsii immunnoi sistemy cheloveka pri ékologicheskoi katastrofe.

This article studies the adaptative mechanisms of the immune system of servicemen in the Aral Sea region in response to the influence of unfavourable xenobiotic factors of the environment. The greatest homeostatic shifts were disclosed in servicemen of the 2nd and the 4th periods of service (6 months and 2 years of active duty correspondingly). Precisely these periods of selective service have the highest infectivity index. It is recommended to measure the volume of catabolic products of cell receptors (P-proteins) in order to obtain an integral index which could characterize the adaptative mechanisms of the immune system during the screening of servicemen in the conditions of unfavourable environment.