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Objectives: Epidemiologic studies point to an increased prevalence of migraine in children in recent decades. Migraine treatment involves acute and prophylactic therapy. Recently, such anti-epileptic drugs as Levetiracetam have been used to treat adult migraines. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Levetiracetam, Sodium Valproate, and Propranolol in preventing migraine headaches in children. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial, children with migraine were randomly divided into three groups. Each group consisted of 13 children. Two groups were treated with Propranolol and Sodium Valproate, respectively. Another group (the case) was treated with Levetiracetam. The patients were assessed based on headache score, PedMIDAS, and headache frequency before and three months after the intervention. Finally, the data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. Results: Levetiracetam significantly reduced the headache severity (P=0.026), frequency (P=0.024), and PedMIDAS score (P=0.001) in children with migraine. However, no significant difference was found between the three groups. The percentage of patients who experienced pain relief was detected as 69.24%, 92.31%, and 30.76% in the Propranolol, Sodium Valproate, and Levetiracetam groups, respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that Levetiracetam can be used as a migraine prophylaxis drug in children.
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Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Functional constipation is common in children and has a significant impact on the quality of their life, affecting both physical and emotional well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ADHD in functional constipation patients and its treatment effect on constipation. Material and methods: In this clinical trial study, 80 children with simultaneous ADHD and functional constipation were allocated to two equal groups by the block randomization method. One group was treated only with ADHD drugs and the second group was treated for ADHD and functional constipation. Subsequently, the treatment outcome was evaluated in both groups. Results: The frequency of ADHD in functional constipation patients was 13.87%. The frequency of functional constipation recovery in the first and second group was respectively 2 (5%) and 39 (97.5%) (p < 0.001). ADHD treatment has no significant effect on the recovery of constipation. There was no statistically significant relationship between the response to treatment with age, sex and duration of having ADHD and constipation. Conclusions: In patients with simultaneous ADHD and functional constipation, ADHD treatment did not influence the recovery of functional constipation and vice versa.
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OBJECTIVES: In children suffering from febrile seizure, the likelihood of recurrence seems to be high in the early hours following the first episodes in the absence of proper interventions. The present study was aimed at assessing and comparing the outcomes of different preventive interventions in the acute stage after febrile seizure in children. MATERIALS & METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was performed between September 2015 and September 2016. We enrolled patients aged between 6 and 60 months suffered from febrile seizure and referred to the Pediatric Emergency Department at Besat Hospital in Hamadan. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to the following four receive one of the following groups: group 1 (not receiving any anti-seizure drugs), group 2 (receiving a single dose of phenobarbital) on admission, group 3 (receiving a single dose of phenobarbital on admission continued until the fever is resolved), and group 4 (receiving diazepam until the disappearance of fever). RESULTS: The study population consisted of 248 children. The recurrence rate of seizure in the acute stage was 4.84%. Also, the impact of diazepam and phenobarbital (either as a single dose or as continuous) on the prevention of febrile seizure recurrence in the acute stage has been established. None of the patients had febrile status epilepticus. CONCLUSION: Controlling seizures without prescribing anti-seizure drugs increases the risk for the recurrence of febrile seizure in the acute stage. Different drug regimens for controlling seizure, including diazepam and phenobarbital (as stat or maintenance), may play a similar role in preventing the occurrence of febrile seizure.
