Exploring tourism business model importance with the emergence of blockchain system: directions for tourism industry of China.

The study aims to explore the importance of the tourism business model with the emergence of the blockchain platform in China. The study focused on the importance of the tourism business model of china, studied the need to improve the tourism business infrastructure, and traced the value of the blockchain system in the tourism industry of china. For this, the researchers used a semi-structured interview approach to conduct a qualitative research design. About nine Chinese tourism and travel industry experts were interwar after initial screening using purposive sampling techniques. The respondents' responses were analyzed by applying a thematic analysis approach, and by this, the researchers extracted the main themes on study topicality to fill the gap in the literature. The study's novelty is in its topicality and context, for which it also provides viable, practical directions for stakeholders.

Large-Scale Synthesis of Nanosilica from Silica Sand for Plant Stimulant Applications.

Nanosilica is a versatile nanomaterial suitable as, e.g., drug carriers in medicine, fillers in polymers, and fertilizer/pesticide carriers and potentially a bioavailable source of silicon in agriculture. The enhanced biological activity of nanosilica over quartz sand has been noted before; it is directly related to the altered physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles compared to those of the bulk material. Therefore, it is feasible to use nanosilica as a form of plant stimulant. Nanosilica synthesis is a relatively cheap routine process on the laboratory scale; however, it is not easily scalable. Largely for this reason, studies of nanosilica fertilizers are scarce. This study will focus on industrial-scale silica nanoparticle production and the application of nanosilica as a plant stimulant in maize. A variant of the sol-gel method is used to successfully synthesize nanosilica particles starting from silica sand. The resulting particles are in the size range of 16-37 nm with great purity. The potential of nanosilica as a plant stimulant is demonstrated with the increased quantity and quality of maize crops.

Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer treatment: a review on nanotechnology.

Although nanomedicines have been in the oncology field for almost three decades with the introduction of doxil, only a few nanomedicine products have reached approval. Can nanotechnology be a realistic tool to reduce the number of hospital beds? At present, several clinically approved anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies or CAR T cell-based therapies are available; however, the immunotherapy field is far from mature. Will immunotherapy be the fourth pillar of cancer treatment? In this review, we summarized the current status of immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1-targeting nanocarriers. The knowledge on material science, therapeutic agents and formulation designs could pave the way for high-efficacy treatment outcomes.

Combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy by hyaluronic acid-decorated polypyrrole nanoparticles.

AIM: To develop a nanoparticle-based platform using polypyrrole and IR-780 for effective combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy. MATERIALS & METHODS: IR-780 was loaded in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) core, decorated with polypyrrole shells and hyaluronic acid (IPPH). Physicochemical properties and in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of these nanoparticles were evaluated. RESULTS: The resulting IPPHs were spherical, small and negatively charged. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, the IPPHs generated reactive oxygen species and heat and synergistically improved therapeutic efficacy. The antitumor effects were confirmed by in vitro cellular reactive oxygen species detection and cytotoxicity assays, and in vivo in a xenograft tumor model, with no damage to body organs. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the potential of applying IPPH in oncology nanomedicine.