Analysis of morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone in bimaxillary protrusion adult patients after retraction with cone-beam CT / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To measure and analyze the morphometric changes in the anterior alveolar bone during treatment and retention stage after retraction in bimaxillary adults using cone-beam CT(CBCT). Methods: Fifteen adult patients, four males and 11 females, aged 19 to 28 years[(22.2±3.1) years], who have completed orthodontic treatment and extracted four first premolar teeth for retraction in the Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected. CBCT was taken to assess the labial and palatal vertical bone level, total bone thickness at crest area, middle root area and apical area in pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2) and at follow-up (maintained for more than two years) (T3). The differences in alveolar bone morphology at different stages were compared by single factor repeated measure ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the amount of alveolar bone change in treatment stage and retention stage. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the alveolar bone height of the palatal side of maxillary anterior teeth, the labial side of maxillary lateral incisors and canine among three time points (P<0.05). The height difference of palatal alveolar bone of anterior teeth in T1-T2 stage was statistically significant (P<0.05). Palatal alveolar bone of upper and lower central incisors decreased by (1.52±0.32) and (4.96±0.46) mm, respectively. The height difference of anterior palatal alveolar bone was statistically significant in T2-T3 stage(P<0.05), the palatal alveolar bone height of central incisors increased by (1.20±0.27) and (3.14±0.35) mm respectively. The height difference of palatal alveolar bone in the anterior teeth of T1-T3 stage was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the height of palatal alveolar bone of central incisors was decreased (0.33±0.11) and (1.82±0.39) mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the thickness of the cervical and middle root alveolar bone of anterior teeth among three time points (P<0.05). The difference of alveolar bone thickness of the cervical and middle root of anterior teeth at T1-T2 was statistically significant (P<0.05). decreased by (0.63±0.10) and (0.67±0.09) mm in lateral incisors, respectively. In the T2-T3 stage, the alveolar bone thickness of the crest area of the lower anterior teeth was significantly different (P<0.05), the alveolar bone thickness of mandibular central incisor crest area increased (0.09±0.03) mm. There were statistically significant differences in alveolar bone thickness in crest area and middle root of the incisors during T1-T3 stage (P<0.05), among which the middle root decreased by (0.38±0.16) mm and (0.63±0.13) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in other areas (P>0.05). The change of alveolar bone height in palatal side of upper anterior teeth at T2-T3 was very strongly negatively correlated with the change in T1-T2. The change of alveolar bone height in labial side of upper anterior teeth and lingual side of lower anterior teeth and the thickness of incisor root and neck were moderately strongly negatively correlated (r≤-0.8, P<0.001), the change of alveolar bone height in labial side of upper anterior teeth and lingual side of lower anterior teeth and the thickness of incisor crest area were moderately strongly negatively correlated (-0.8<r≤-0.4, P<0.05). Conclusions: For adult patients after retraction, anterior alveolar bone decreased significantly. In the retention stage, the same degree of bone apposition will occur, but still have alveolar bone loss compared with pre-treatment. The amount of alveolar bone change in the retention stage correlated with the amount of alveolar bone change in the treatment stage.

The Influence of COVID-19 on Irrational Consumption Behavior in a Chinese Sample: Based on a Serial Mediating Model.

Based on the scarcity theory, this study focuses on exploring the relationship between the severity of public health emergencies (i.e., COVID-19) and individual irrational consumer behaviors through the serial mediating variables of perceived scarcity (PS) and negative mentality (NM). An online questionnaire was used to collect data from participants in China and we obtained 466 effective (115 male and 351 female) questionnaires in total. The findings showed that the relationship between each pair of factors - perceived pandemic severity, PS, NM, and irrational consumption behaviors - was significantly positive. Although the perception of the severity of this public health emergency did not directly predict irrational consumer behavior, the effect was mediated by PS and NM independently and serially. These findings reveal that people who strongly perceive scarcity and are prone to negative attitudes are more likely to demonstrate irrational consumer behaviors (such as rushing to buy and hoard living supplies) once the public perceives a public health emergency as severe. This effect occurs because the PS that results from the epidemic affects people's cognition, emotion, and behavior.