[Assessment of somatic development and body composition in the 7th year of life in children born as extremely low birth weight infants (≤1000g); a multi-centre cross-sectional study of a cohort born between 2002 and 2004 in the Malopolska voivodship]. / Ocena rozwoju somatycznego i skladu ciala dzieci w 7. roku zycia urodzonych z ekstremalnie mala masa ciala (≤1000 g)--wieloosrodkowe badanie przekrojowe kohorty urodzonej w latach 2002-2004 w województwie malopolskim.

UNLABELLED: Children born with extremely low birth weight often present delayed growth in the first years of their lives: they remain shorter and weigh less than their peers. Current reports published worldwide state that later in life these children are at an increased risk of cardiac and vascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. Abnormal distribution and the excess of fat tissue predispose them to develop the metabolic syndrome. THE AIM of the study was to evaluate the somatic development of seven-year-old children born with birth-weight ≤1000 g (ELBW) in the Malopolska voivodship and to estimate the content and distribution of fat tissue. Moreover, the risk factors of disturbed somatic development were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and four live newborns with birth weight ≤1000 g were born in the Malopolska voivodship between 1.09.2002 and 31.08.2004. One hundred and fifteen of these children (56%) died in early infancy. The study included 81 children in the 7th year of life out of the 89 surviving ones. Their mean gestational age at birth was 27.3 weeks. (SD: 2.1 weeks) and their mean birth-weight was 840 g (SD: 130 g). All the children underwent anthropometric measurements and the thickness of the skin fold over the triceps was measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the body composition was assessed by multifrequency bioimpedance. The control group consisted of 39 children born at term chosen randomly from the general population and matched with regard to age and sex. RESULTS: The ELBW children in the 7th year of life were shorter (z-score: -1.06±1.4 p<0.001), had lower body mass (z-score: -0.57±0.9; p=0.01), smaller head circumference (z-score: -1.2±1.3; p<0.001), lower BMI (z-score: -0.99±1.6; p<0.001) as compared to their peers. Fat tissue mass was lower in the ELBW group than in the control group (11% vs 16%; p<0.01). The most retarded somatic development was observed in the group of children suffering from cerebral palsy. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Children born with ELBW, at 7 years of life, present significantly retarded somatic development as compared with their full-term peers. 2. The most important risk factor of somatic development disturbances is cerebral palsy. 3. Children born with low birth weight and ELBW, need long term follow up.

[Compliance with gluten free diet, physical development and bone mineral status in patients with celiac disease]. / Przestrzeganie diety bezglutenowej a rozwój fizyczny i stopien uwapnienia koscca u chorych z celiakia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was the assessment of the influence of a gluten free diet on physical development and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with celiac disease. MATERIALS & METHODS: 59 patients (40 girls, 19 boys) aged 10-20 years with celiac disease, diagnosed according to ESPGAN criteria were included in the study. Patients were divided in 3 groups: 1--strict gluten free diet, II--not entirely compliant i.e. faults in gluten free diet 1-2 times per week, III--gluten free diet not followed or frequent faults. Daily calcium (Ca) intake and physical activity was assessed. BMD of the lumbar spine L2-L4 was measured by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry with LUNAR DPX-IQ. Physical development was assessed by anthropometric measurements: growth and weight. RESULTS: Gluten free diet was strictly followed by 16 (27%) patients (group I), group II consisted of 23 (39%) patients. Diet was not followed by 20 (34%) patients. Thirty five (59%) patients had low Ca intake and they made up the majority of the patients in every group. High physical activity declared 35 (59%) patients. No statistically significant differences in BMD were found between group I and II. BMD was lower in group III in comparison to group I (p = 0.01) and group II (p = 0.003). BMD was higher in patients with high Ca intake (p = 0.002). Physical activity had no significant influence on BMD. There was no statistically significant difference in physical development between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the patients with celiac disease did not strictly follow gluten free diet. Poor compliance to the diet had no significant influence on physical development. BMD was lower in patients who were not compliant to the gluten free diet, occasional faults in the diet had no influence on the BMD.

[Postnatal growth of very low birth weight infants. Anthropometry at two year of age: a longitudinal study]. / Ocena wzrastania w pierwszych 2 latach zycia noworodków urodzonych ponizej 32 tyg. ciazy.

BACKGROUND: The growth rate is an important indicator of the child's health state. Premature newborns require an especially exact and reliable assessment of their growth which should include, above all, their maturity. AIM: The evaluation of the influence of newborn's maturity on its growth rate during 2 first years of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. 159 newborns born < or = 32 weeks of gestation discharged from 3rd level NICU were divided into 2 cohorts: A) born between 24-28 weeks (n = 83) and B) born between 29-32 weeks (n = 76). Before discharge and then every month in the 1st year of life and every 3 months in the 2nd year of life weight, length, head circumference and chest circumference were measured. RESULTS: Median length in 6th month was 622 mm in group A and 650 mm in group B (p < 0.05), after 1 year 720 mm vs 745 mm (p < 0.05), and after 2 years 819 mm vs 853 mm (p < 0.05). Median weight was 6010 vs 7160 g (p < 0.05), 8210 vs 9410 g and 9965 vs 11,260 g (p < 0.05), median chest circumference 40 vs 42 cm (p < 0.05), 44 vs 46 cm (p < 0.05) and 46 vs 47.5 cm (p < 0.05) and median head circumference 42 vs 43 cm (p < 0.05), 45 vs 46 cm (p < 0.05) i 47 vs 48 cm (p = 0.06). The results were also presented as growth charts. CONCLUSIONS: The newborns born between 29-32 week of gestation have faster growth rate than newborns born between 24-28 week of gestation. The assessment of development of extremely premature newborns should be based on growth charts prepared separately for a given gestational age.