RESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a very promising alternative tool in cell therapies and regenerative medicine due to their ease of obtaining from various tissues and their ability to differentiate into different cell types. This manuscript provides a review of current knowledge on the use of MSC-based therapies as an alternative for certain common pathologies in dogs and cats where conventional treatments are ineffective. The aim of this review is to assist clinical veterinarians in making decisions about the suitability of each protocol from a clinical perspective, rather than focusing solely on research. MSC-based therapies have shown promising results in certain pathologies, such as spinal cord injuries, wounds, and skin and eye diseases. However, the effectiveness of these cell therapies can be influenced by a wide array of factors, leading to varying outcomes. Future research will focus on designing protocols and methodologies that allow more precise and effective MSC treatments for each case.
RESUMEN
Anesthetic protocols may influence adrenal function. Effective methods for modulating stress are desirable to minimize secondary effects during the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of propofol with dexmedetomidine or ketamine on corticoadrenal function and heart and respiratory rates. A random treatment-order design was used: each rabbit received all treatments, with at least 14 d between experiments. Rabbits were assigned to 3 treatment groups (10 per group): group 1, 1 mL normal saline solution intravenously; group 2, propofol (3 mg/kg IV) and dexmedetomidine (0.35 mg/kg IM); and group 3, propofol (3 mg/kg IV) and ketamine (1 mg/kg IV). Dexmedetomidine was injected 15 min prior to propofol administration. Blood samples were obtained before drug administration and at 5, 10, 30, and 60 min and 24 h after injection. Serum cortisol and corticosterone levels were measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Serum glucocorticoid concentrations did not change in group 2. However, rabbits in group 3 showed an increase in serum cortisol (at 5-60 min) and corticosterone (at 5-120 min) when compared with all other groups at the corresponding time points. This increase probably reflected both propofol- and ketamine-associated stimulatory effects corticoadrenal function. Respiratory rate decreased in groups 2 and 3 animals, and heart rate decreased in group 2, probably due to sympathetic inhibition by propofol and dexmedetomidine. In conclusion, propofol-ketamine provides suitable cardiorespiratory stability in rabbits but enhances glucocorticoid secretion more than dexmedetomidine-propofol anesthesia. Glucocorticoid levels in anesthetized rabbits should be considered during protocol design to minimize the stress response to surgery and to avoid erroneous data interpretation.
