Effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: A systematic review of in vitro studies.

BACKGROUND: There is still no systematized evidence in the literature regarding the combination of curcumin to improve the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on complex oral biofilms. Therefore, the objective of this review was to systematically assess the antimicrobial effect of curcumin-mediated aPDT on the vitality of biofilms of microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. METHODS: The addressed focused question was: "What are the effects of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial therapy on the biofilm viability of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro models?" A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Bireme up to April 2019. In vitro studies evaluating the effect of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on S. mutans and C. albicans biofilms were included. RESULTS: From 95 citations, 11 full-text articles were screened and 6 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible. CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro studies indicate the potential use of curcumin-mediated aPDT to inactivate microorganisms; Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. This survey should be viewed as a starting point for further examinations using standardized parameters to enhance outcomes.

Children with a Higher Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase VI in Saliva Are More Likely to Develop Dental Caries.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the concentration and activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI in the saliva of school children. We investigated the relationship among caries, CA VI concentration/activity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four school children were divided into a caries-free group and a caries group. Clinical examinations were conducted by one examiner according to World Health Organization criteria + early caries lesions. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were analyzed. Salivary CA VI concentration and activity were evaluated by ELISA and zymography, respectively. The data were analyzed using Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were also done. In multivariate modeling, associations between variables were expressed as odds ratios. RESULTS: The results showed that salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and BC were significantly higher in the saliva of caries-free children. Also, the salivary CA VI concentration was significantly higher in the saliva of caries-free children. The salivary CA VI activity was higher in children with caries. We found a negative correlation between BC and dental caries. Also, in the caries group we found a positive correlation between the concentration and the activity of CA VI and a negative correlation between BC and CA VI activity. A negative correlation between salivary pH and CA VI concentration was observed in the caries-free group. A high activity of CA and a low salivary flow rate were associated with dental caries. CONCLUSION: These results support the conclusion that dental caries is highly affected by the activity of CA VI in saliva as well as by the salivary flow rate.

Efeito do tratamento crônico com fluoreto na atividade salivar, ossos e dentes de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) / Effect of chronic treatment with fluoride in the salivary activity, bones and teeth of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Em pesquisa anterior, verificamos que ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) apresentam menor fluxo salivar estimulado que ratos normotensos Wistar, o que poderia levar ao maior índice de doença cárie nestes animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento crônico com fluoreto de sódio (NaF) nos parâmetros bioquímicos da saliva e plasma, nos ossos e na mineralização de dentes incisivos de SHR. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar e SHR aos 3 meses de vida. O tratamento foi feito com solução de NaF (20 ppm) por 30 dias, na água de beber. A medida da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foi realizada pelo método indireto de pletismografia de cauda. Para a coleta da saliva, o fluxo salivar foi estimulado com nitrato de pilocarpina e os animais foram colocados em prancha inclinada e a saliva coletada por 15 minutos. As concentrações salivares e plasmáticas de fluoreto foram determinadas com eletrodos específicos e as de cálcio utilizando um kit comercial específico. A determinação da concentração de proteínas totais foi realizada pelo método de Lowry e a atividade da amilase salivar utilizando kit comercial. A análise de flúor na superfície do fêmur foi feita pelo método direto e a análise no fêmur pelo método de Taves. A microdureza dos dentes incisivos foi determinada utilizando microdurômetro com penetrador tipo Knoop. Os resultados foram avaliados e a diferença estatística foi considerada quando p<0,05. A PAS e o peso dos animais não foram alterados pelo tratamento. O reduzido fluxo salivar de SHR apresentou-se aumentado em SHR tratados. A concentração de flúor na saliva e plasma aumentou com o tratamento em ratos Wistar, no entanto em SHR este aumento foi observado apenas no plasma. Apesar do aumento no fluxo salivar que ocorre após o tratamento com NaF, a concentração de flúor na saliva de SHR não se altera. A concentração de cálcio diminuiu na saliva e plasma no grupo de SHR após o tratamento, fato não observado entre os Wistar. Não foi observada...

In previous research we found that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have lower stimulated salivary flow than normotensive Wistar, which could lead to a higher rate of caries in these animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic treatment with sodium fluoride (NaF) in the biochemical parameters of saliva and plasma, bone and mineralization in incisor teeth of SHR. Were used SHR and Wistar rats at 3 months of life. The treatment was made with NaF solution (20 ppm) for 30 days in drinking water. The measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was performed by the indirect method of tail plethysmography. To collect saliva, salivary flow was stimulated with pilocarpine nitrate and the animals were placed on an inclined board and saliva collected for 15 minutes. Salivary and plasma concentrations of fluoride were determined with specific electrodes and calcium using a specific commercial kit. The determination of total protein concentration was performed by the method of Lowry and salivary amylase activity using a commercial kit. The analysis of fluoride on the surface of the femur was made by the direct method and analysis in the femur by the method of Taves. The microhardness of incisors was determined using Knoop microhardness with indenter type. The results were evaluated and differences were considered when p <0.05. The SBP and the weight of the animals were not affected by treatment. The reduced salivary flow in SHR were enlarged in treated SHR. The fluoride concentration in saliva and plasma increased with treatment in Wistar rats, however, in SHR the increase was only observed in plasma. Despite the increase in salivary flow that occurs after treatment with NaF, the concentration of fluoride in saliva is not altered in SHR. The calcium concentration decreased in saliva and plasma in SHR group after treatment, what was not observed among Wistar rats. There was no change in protein concentration in saliva in any of the groups...