Demographic, social, and economic effects on Mexican causes of death in 1990.

PIP: This study examined spatial geographic patterns of cause of death and 28 demographic and socioeconomic influences on causes of death for 31 Mexican states plus the Federal District for 1990. Mortality data were obtained from the state death registration system and are age standardized. The 28 socioeconomic variables were obtained from Census records. Analysis included 2 submodels: one with all 28 socioeconomic variables in a stepwise regression, and one with each of the 4 groups of factors. The conceptual model is based on epidemiological transition theory and empirical findings. There are 4 stages in mortality decline. Effects are grouped as demographic, sociocultural, economic prosperity, and housing, health, and crime factors. Findings indicate that cancer and cardiovascular disease were strongly correlated and consistently high in border areas as well as the Federal District and Jalisco. Respiratory mortality had higher values in the Federal District, Puebla, and surrounding states, as well as Jalisco. The standardized total mortality rate was only in simple correlations associated inversely with underemployment. All cause specific mortality was associated with individual factors. Respiratory mortality was linked with manufacturing work force. Cardiovascular and cancer mortality were associated with socioeconomic factors. In submodel I, cause specific mortality was predicted by crowding, housing characteristics, marriage and divorce, and manufacturing work force. In submodel II, economic group factors had the strongest model fits explaining 33-60% of the "r" square. Hypothesized effects were only partially validated.^ieng

Projection of the Mexican national labor force, 1980-2005.

Mexico has a large and rapidly growing labor force. This paper projects the Mexican national labor force from 1980 to 2005, with varying assumptions of vital rates, economic activity, and international migration. Projections are also made for the urban and rural components of the Mexican population, assuming inter-component migration flows. Results indicate that the Mexican labor force will grow over the projection period at an average annual rate of 907,000 to 1,183,000 workers; will age slightly; and will have a much higher proportion female. Implications are discussed in terms of Mexican-U.S. migration, possible agreements on free trade, and global trends in workforce.

[Socioeconomic determinants of migration in Mexico]. / Determinantes socioeconomicos de migracion en Mexico.

"This study examines the socioeconomic influence on migration frequency and transitory movements in four Mexican regions. The analysis is based on data gathered from the [Mexican Fertility Survey] 1976-1977, considering the influences of...education, occupation, literacy, place of residence and fertility. The methods used for this analysis were regression and logistic regression." Aspects considered include patterns of internal migration in Mexico, data sources, analysis of independent variables, migration experiences, and age effects. A comment by Carlos Brambila Paz is included (pp. 179-83). (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico.

This study analyzes fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico, consisting of the states of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche. Data are from the 1980 Mexican census and the unit of analysis is the municipio. The regression models, in which the dependent variables of children ever born and child-woman ratio are examined, reveal religious variables to be most significant, with greater fertility for non-Catholics and persons with no religion than for Catholics. Also of great importance are economic variables. Literacy and urbanization, both "classical" Mexican fertility variables, reduce fertility. There are major differences among three urban/rural and three indigenous language subsamples. Results are discussed vis-a-vis demographic theories and prior research.

PIP: This study analyzes fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico, consisting of the states of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche. Data are from the 1980 Mexican census. The regression models, in which the dependent variables of children ever born and child-woman ratio are examined, reveal religious variables to be most significant, with greater fertility for non-Catholics and persons with no religion than for Catholics. Also of great importance are economic variables. Literacy and urbanization, both "classical" Mexican fertility variables, reduce fertility. There are major differences among 3 urban/rural and 3 indigenous language subsamples. The religious effects may be explained by 1 version of the minority-status hypothesis. Particularly notable were higher fertility in areas with greater no/low income and male labor force participation, and lower fertility in areas with greater female labor force participation but higher overall unemployment. There are significant fertility-lowering effects from literacy and urbanization, both well-known effects in previous worldwide and Mexican literature. Immigration is generally not significant except for secondary importance in the low urbanization and medium indigenous areas. Comparison across urban/rural sample shows that religious variables are important for the high and low urbanization samples but not for the rural samples, that economic effects are important for all 3 samples, and that indigenous language is most important for the rural sample. Comparison of indigenous samples reveal that literacy is more significant for the medium and low indigenous samples, while there are sample-specific religious and economic effects for all 3 indigenous samples.

An examination of regional migration patterns in Mexico: new and old Mexican regions.

This paper examines Mexican regional patterns. Different regional definitions are utilized to examine in-/out-migration patterns in 4 different periods: 1) 1979-1980, 2) 1975-1979, 3) prior to 1975, and 4) lifetime. 5 regional definitions previously used to delineate state level Mexican regions were compared to new regions by a maximum likelihood clustering technique. Previously defined regions do not compare with the empirically delineated regions developed by the cluster analysis. A cluster analysis of in-/out-migration patterns suggests the following: 1) distinct in-/out-migration patterns for both short- and long-term migration patterns, 2) a central region consisting of Mexico and the Federal District having its own distinct regional characteristics for both in-/out-migration patterns, particularly intraregional migration among those 2 states exceeds any other interregional migration patterns, and 3) the unique role played by Jalisco in mediating long-term inflows prior to 1975, and since 1975, out-migration from the same state. Previous research rarely identified the Central region consisting of Mexico and the Federal District. Using net migration for interregional migration analysis may possibly be misleading since immigration and out-migration phenomena show distinct patterns of geographic mobility at the state level, and such regional differences are consistent for the 4 migration periods. A careful analysis accounting for both distinct migration patterns in the Central region and different patterns in in-/out-migration are necessary to obtain an understanding of regional migration patterns in Mexico.

Socioeconomic determinants of fertility: selected Mexican regions, 1976-1977.

PIP: Cumulative fertility is analyzed for 4 regions of Mexico, based on World Fertility Survey data of 1976-77; the state of Baja California, the Northwest region, the State of Jalisco, and the Northeast region. Based on stepwise regression methodology, the study compares results for 12 subsamples of married respondents, 3 age categories by 4 regions. The dependent variables are children ever born and children ever born in the last 5 years. Migration, urban, educational, and occupational variables are included as independent variables. Regression results reveal level of education is the major, and negative, influence on fertility. Other results include specific negative effects for prior occupation, size of place of residence, and childhood place of residence. Fertility effects appear different for migration origin and destination regions, but more similar for younger ages. Effects of migration on fertility are small. Mean fertility as measured by children ever born was 4.34 for the 1976-77 World Fertility Survey samples versus 3.69 for the Mexican census of 1980. Fertility varied somewhat by region with the highest and lowest values in Jalisco and the Northeast, respectively. Expected age-related changes in fertility were noted.^ieng