RESUMEN
With the help of mixed culture of the irradiated and non-irradiated human peripheral blood lymphocytes received from persons of different gender and G-banding metaphase chromosomes staining the cytogenetic features of induction and persistence of chromosome instability in human lymphocytes as a result of the bystander effect following ionizing radiation exposure both in vitro and in vivo at low and high doses had been established.
Asunto(s)
Efecto Espectador/efectos de la radiación , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Radiación Ionizante , Células Cultivadas , Inestabilidad Cromosómica/efectos de la radiación , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de la radiación , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Análisis Citogenético , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
By using modified "G2-bleomycin sensitivity assay" above background level of cytogenetic effect considered as a marker of hidden chromosome instability (HCI) has been investigated in 3 groups--liquidators of Chernobyl accident (occupational group 1), patients with lung cancer who denied conscious contact--with ionizing radiation (group of comparison), liquidators with lung cancer (occupational group 2). Significant interindividual variations of cytogenetic effects induced with bleomycin and the lack of positive correlation between background and above background frequencies of chromosome aberrations have been shown in all observed groups. It had been established that occupational group 2 was the most burdened group by expression of the above background cytogenetic effect and, accordingly, number of persons with HCI. The data obtained permit to suggest the existence of the association between radiation-induced increase of individual sensitivity to testing mutagenic exposure and the realization of cancer in persons exposed to ionizing radiation. The results show acceptability of "G2-bleomycin sensitivity assay" under the cytogenetic examination of irradiated contingents for determining HCI as one of informative markers of predisposition to oncopathology.
Asunto(s)
Bleomicina/farmacología , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutágenos/farmacología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/genética , Enfermedades Profesionales/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Células Cultivadas , Inestabilidad Cromosómica/efectos de los fármacos , Inestabilidad Cromosómica/efectos de la radiación , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis Citogenético , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/patología , Enfermedades Profesionales/patología , Cromosomas en Anillo , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The authors summarize results of 25-year selective cytogenetic monitoring of the priority groups in different periods after the Chernobyl accident. The increase in intensity of somatic chromosome mutagenesis in exposed individuals as a result of both targeted and non-targeted radiation-induced cytogenetic effects has been confirmed including delayed, transmissible, hidden chromosome instability and the bystander effect.
Asunto(s)
Efecto Espectador/genética , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Inestabilidad Cromosómica , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Mutagénesis , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Análisis Citogenético , Humanos , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Reactores Nucleares , Órganos en Riesgo/efectos de la radiación , Genética de Radiación/métodos , Radiación Ionizante , Factores de Riesgo , TiempoRESUMEN
The results of proper investigations received under the cytogenetic examination of 225 persons (control groups, Chernobyl liquidators exposed to different radiation doses, oncogematology patients) had been summarized and analyzed. The conclusion concerning possibilities and limitations of FISH technique usage for retrospective biodosimetry of human radiation exposure has been presented.
Asunto(s)
Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Contaminantes Radiactivos/análisis , Translocación Genética/efectos de la radiación , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dosis de Radiación , Radiometría/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ucrania , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The paper presents the results of 14-year (1987-2000) random cytogenetic monitoring of the Ukraine's population exposed to radiation due to the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant accident. Conventional, G-banding, and molecular (FISH-WCP) cytogenetic methods were used to examine groups of victims exposed to radiation of varying intensity (reconvalescents diagnosed as having acute radiation disease, liquidators, Chernobyl power plant staff, and persons who had lived in the radionuclide-polluted areas, etc.). The examinees from all groups were found to have a considerable increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral lymphocytes as compared to their spontaneous levels. There was an interindividual variability in the chromosomal aberrations under identical radiation conditions. It was ascertained that even small human doses of long-term ionizing radiation could induce specific chromosomal aberrations. The findings show that conventional cytogenetic monitoring, and particularly by applying FISH and WCP methods, is an good procedure for assessing the human cell genetic apparatuses after radiation.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de la radiación , Análisis Citogenético/métodos , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Humanos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Dosis de Radiación , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
FISH technique was tested on the 49 liquidators of the Chernobyl Accident. Groups were formed according to average group exposure doses and/or individual ones determined by the method of EPR. The essential variability of spontaneous and irradiation-induced frequencies of reciprocal translocations was observed. In groups with the lowest EPR-doses (below 25 cGy) the average cytogenetic dose was considerably higher then doses determined by EPR-method. The best coincidences between average in-group EPR- and FISH-doses were in the group with 25-50 cGy doses for "acute irradiation" model and in the group with 50-100 cGy and higher for "chronic irradiation" model.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de la radiación , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Adulto , Anciano , Esmalte Dental/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia por Spin del Electrón/métodos , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monitoreo de Radiación , Estudios Retrospectivos , UcraniaRESUMEN
Clinical, morphological and cytogenetic investigations were done in those patients with leukocytosis having become victims of the Chernobyl catastrophe. Of these (n = 10), six patients demonstrated chromosomal abnormalities. In the study made at a later date in six patients with cytogenetic abnormalities, five patients were found to have chronic myeloproliferative disorders, with four cases presenting with chronic myeloid leukemia and one patient having osteomyelofibrosis.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/diagnóstico , Centrales Eléctricas , Preleucemia/diagnóstico , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Adolescente , Adulto , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Examen de la Médula Ósea , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Cariotipificación , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/etiología , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/etiología , Trastornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Preleucemia/etiología , Preleucemia/genética , UcraniaRESUMEN
One of the critical human group of potential risk is the group of population from 30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The cytogenetical examination of 12 persons (8 man, 4 woman, 30-60 years old) from 5 villages situated in north-west and south-east directions from the ChNPP in the frame of this zone was conducted. The data of the conventional analysis showed relatively low cytogenetic effects comparable with the effects in exposed people out of the zone (the mean level of unstable cytogenetic markers in different villages was 0.21-0.35 per 100 cells). The level of stable translocations in one case (woman, 59 years old) determined using FISH (16.62 per 100 cells for the whole genome) exceeded their spontaneous aged frequency and confirmed the high sensitivity of this method for the evaluation of real radiation exposure.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Ceniza Radiactiva/efectos adversos , Adulto , Células Sanguíneas/efectos de la radiación , Células Sanguíneas/ultraestructura , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Centrales Eléctricas , Ceniza Radiactiva/estadística & datos numéricos , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , UcraniaRESUMEN
We have performed conventional cytogenetics with group karyotyping and FISH analysis on metaphase-arrested lymphocyte cultured from 13 adults of 23 to 50 years. Twelve Chernobyl accident liquidators of 1986 year recovered from acute radiation sickness of the first (3 persons), second (7 persons) and third (2 persons) degree of severity; and one unexposed (control) person. A cocktail containing a balanced mix of directly-labeled by Spectrum orange whole-chromosome probes for human chromosomes 1,2 and 4 were used. Under the conventional staining the positive correlation between the frequency of chromosome type aberration (acentrics, dicentrics, centric rings, abnormal monocentrics) and the severity of irradiation was established even 10 years after radiation exposure. Under the FISH analysis the frequency of reciprocal translocation was in the range from 0.061 to 0.729 per cell which corresponded to doses of acute uniform irradiation from 0.8 till 3.48 Gy. The data obtained confirmed the validity of FISH as for quantifying stable chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of irradiated persons as the high sensitivity of FISH for the retrospective dose evaluation in delayed terms after radiation exposure.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Bandeo Cromosómico/métodos , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Metafase , Microscopía Fluorescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , UcraniaRESUMEN
This review describes the development of novel promising molecular cytogenetic method--fluorescence in situ hybridization with human and animal whole-chromosome probes (F I S H). It summarizes the application of this technology in fundamental and applied fields of radiation cytogenetics and emphasizes the important role of FISH for biological dosimetry of human exposure to ionizing radiation.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos/genética , Cromosomas/genética , Citogenética/métodos , Sondas de ADN , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ/métodos , Metafase , Genética de Radiación/métodos , Animales , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Cromosomas/efectos de la radiación , Cromosomas Humanos/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Metafase/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
A complex genetic study of two groups from of Chernobyl NPP personnel (from "Shelter" unit and 3rd Block) has been carried out using classical cytogenetic and GPA methods. The first group was the most vulnerable from the viewpoint of accumulated dose (exceeding 25 cGy for the moment of study). Positive correlation between individual and group frequencies of cytogenetic markers of irradiation (stable and unstable chromosomes aberrations) and NO mutations in the GPA locus was found.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Profesionales/genética , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metafase/efectos de la radiación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , UcraniaRESUMEN
A comparative cytogenetic observation of 10 patients suffered from acute radiation sickness of second and third degree as a result of Chernobyl accident has been carried out. The new data about the level of unstable and stable biomarkers of irradiation delayed exposure were established using conventional G-banding and FISH-staining.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Metafase/efectos de la radiación , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Convalecencia , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Masculino , Metafase/genética , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos , Factores de Tiempo , Ucrania , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
In seven groups of children living in the areas contaminated by nuclides a significant cytogenetic effect has been detected. The degree of its expression (integral and specific markers) was similar and did not correlate with the density of contamination by radionuclides.
Asunto(s)
Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Mutación , Niño , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Humanos , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , UcraniaRESUMEN
The results of the cytogenetic monitoring of population groups that are critical with respect to the intensity of irradiation exposure (liquidators of the accident, including those who suffered from acute atomic disease) or to sensitivity of cell genome to irradiation (children living in zones with radioactive contamination) indicate a significant increase in the frequency of both chromosomal aberrations and markers of the irradiation effect in each of the groups and correlate with the ecologic situation in the regions studied.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Contaminantes Radiactivos/efectos adversos , Adulto , Niño , Convalecencia , Humanos , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Traumatismos por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , UcraniaRESUMEN
Data are presented on the frequency of multi-aberrant cells in lymphocytes gained during the period from 1967 to 1992 in some groups of the USSR inhabitants, who contacted with different environment mutagenesis. It is shown that the results of the study of 1500 men give a possibility to account some groups of multi-aberrant cells not to be artifacts and to be induced by some of the mutagens studied.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Linfocitos/ultraestructura , Mutagénesis , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Accidentes de Trabajo , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Metafase , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Mutagénesis/efectos de la radiación , Reactores Nucleares , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación/patología , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
Primary results of cytogenetic monitoring of children living in regions of Ukraine contaminated after Chernobyl accident permit suggesting existence of radiation-induced modification of sensitivity of somatic cell chromosomes to mutagens. It may be supposed that interindividual and group difference in sensitivity of in vivo irradiated cells to additional induction of in vitro mutagen effect is explained not only by inherited properties, but also by preliminary irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Aziridinas/farmacología , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Mutágenos/farmacología , Accidentes , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efectos de la radiación , Niño , Humanos , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Mitosis/efectos de la radiación , Reactores Nucleares , Centrales Eléctricas , UcraniaRESUMEN
363 men who have been working under conditions of additional irradiation in terms from few hours to some months were cytogenetically examined to define individual irradiation. In 111 men with the known dose of irradiation (5-140 cGy), the results of cytogenetic evaluation indicated, as a rule, a less intensive irradiation than physical dosimetry. This could be caused by elimination of chromosome aberrations, individual sensitivity, peculiar irradiation situation, or in some cases by incorrect evaluation of dose. In 252 men with the unknown dose of irradiation a tentative level was determined as based on frequency of metaphases with chromosome type aberrations. According to the study the absorbed dose was below 25 cGy in 209 cases, 26-50 cGy in 39 cases, and reached 51-90 cGy in 4 cases.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Reactores Nucleares , Centrales Eléctricas , Efectos de la Radiación , Adulto , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
The data obtained confirm the possibility of both individual and population cytogenetic indication of the effect of low intensity radiation, exceeding the background level, and exhibit a positive correlation with the radio-ecological situation formed. The cytogenetic effect, that indicates the disturbance of the genome stability, might be considered as an indicator of a high probability of occurrence of pathologies, with a genetic component, in the subpopulations under study, compared to spontaneous level.