Posible tratamiento con lípidos intravenosos de carnívoros domésticos intoxicados con lactonas macrocíclicas / Possible treatment of macrocyclic lactone poisoning in pets with intravenous lipids

Las emulsiones lipídicas, utilizadas inicialmente en la alimentación parenteral, están siendo propuestas, desde hace algunos años, en el tratamiento de las intoxicaciones humanas por anestésicos locales. Poco a poco, se van citando algunos casos aislados en la literatura científica. El Centro de Fármaco-vigilancia Veterinaria de Lyon (Francia) ha propuesto esta terapéutica en varias tomas y ha analizado la evolución de 6 casos de intoxicación de perros tratados con la administración intravenosa de emulsión lipídica. Los resultados parecen suficientemente esperanzadores para que esta terapéutica sea sistemáticamente propuesta en el futuro tras una ingestión o tratamiento accidental con ivermectina o moxidectina. Sería aconsejable realizar en el futuro nuevas evaluaciones sobre un mayor número de casos (AU)

Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILE), intended for parenteral nutrition, have been advocated for several years as therapy of humans poisoning by local anesthetics. Their use have been progressively extended to the therapy of other toxicoses, including poisoning of dogs by macrocyclics lactones, with anectodal reports cited in the literature. The Veterinary Pharmacovigilance Centre of Lyon advocated ILE on several occasions. ILE was used in 6 dogs intoxicated by macrocyclic lactones. Results seem sufficiently promising to encourage the systematic use in case of ivermectin or moxidectin toxicosis (accidental ingestion of oral paste or tablets for horses, or inadvertent overdose). It would be advisable in the future further evaluation on a large number of cases (AU)

Glyphosate toxicosis in domestic animals: a survey from the data of the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV).

A retrospective study was conducted of 482 glyphosate calls recorded at the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV) of France between 1991 and 1994. Most of the calls came from veterinary practitioners (83.8%) and were related to emergencies. In the majority of calls, the CNITV did not assess clinical observations as certain or highly probable glyphosate poisoning. Only 31 cases were assessed as certain or highly probable and were linked with direct ingestion of glyphosate concentrates or sprays in 25 dogs. The symptoms were most frequently described as vomiting, hypersalivation and diarrhea; prostration and paresis were not common. Symptomatic treatment resulted in rapid recovery without sequelae.

Toxicity and kinetics of amitraz in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the toxic effects of amitraz in dogs and their reversal by various doses of atipamezole. ANIMALS: 6 male 1-year-old Beagles. PROCEDURE: Dogs were given 100 mg of amitraz/kg of body weight, PO. Atipamezole was administered at 3 dose rates. Clinical examination and blood sample collection were performed regularly for 48 hours to examine biological parameters and determine the toxicokinetics of amitraz as well as the efficacy of the antidote. A specific high-performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed to determine plasma amitraz concentrations. RESULTS: Clinical signs of toxicosis included sedation, bradycardia, polyuria, hypothermia, and hyperglycemia, all of which could be related to the alpha 2-agonist activity of amitraz, and were reversed by low doses of atipamezole (50 micrograms/kg, IM), a potent alpha 2-antagonist, within 10 minutes after injection. Peak plasma concentrations were observed after 5 hours, and the elimination half-life was long (about 24 hours). CONCLUSIONS: All clinical and biological effects observed during the course of amitraz poisoning could be attributed to the parent compound itself and were reversed by low doses of atipamezole. The half-life of amitraz was substantially longer than that in other studies because of the high dose administered. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Atipamezole can be administered i.m. to dogs with severe amitraz poisoning to reverse all the effects observed.

Loperamide poisoning in the dog.

A retrospective study was conducted of 40 loperamide poisoning cases recorded at the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires. An apparent breed susceptibility of Collie dogs was observed. Neurologic disturbances (ataxia and prostration) were significant clinical findings. Treatment with naloxone resulted in rapid reversal of signs without sequelae.

Benzodiazepine poisoning in companion animals.

Information on accidental poisoning of companion animals with human drugs is seldom published. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted by the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires (CNITV) on cases recorded between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1994 at the CNITV on the circumstances and clinical signs of accidental oral poisoning of dogs and cats by benzodiazepines. Our results showed that, among the numerous potential drugs available, bromazepam was by far most commonly encountered, especially in dogs. Clinical signs included mostly nervous disorders (hyper and hypo). Treatment was symptomatic and supportive, and the prognosis was generally good.