Evaluation of the SCAT 5 tool in the assessment of concussion in Para athletes: a Delphi study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if the sport concussion assessment tool version 5 (SCAT5) could be suitable for application to Para athletes with a visual impairment, a spinal cord injury, or a limb deficiency. METHODS: A 16-member expert panel performed a Delphi technique protocol. The first round encompassed an open-ended questionnaire, with round 2 onwards being composed of a series of closed-ended statements requiring each expert's opinion using a five-point Likert scale. A predetermined threshold of 66% was used to decide whether agreement had been reached by the panel. RESULTS: The Delphi study resulted in a four-round process. After round 1, 92 initial statements were constructed with 91 statements obtaining the targeted level of agreement by round 4. The expert panellist completion rate of the full four-round process was 94%. In the case of athletes with a suspected concussion with either limb deficiencies or spinal cord injuries, the panel agreed that a baseline assessment would be needed on record is ideal before a modified SCAT5 assessment. With respect to visual impairments, it was conceded that some tests were either difficult, infeasible or should be omitted entirely depending on the type of visual impairment. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the SCAT5 could be conducted on athletes with limb deficiencies or spinal cord injuries with some minor modifications and by establishing a baseline assessment to form a comparison. However, it cannot be recommended for athletes with visual impairment in its current form. Further research is needed to determine how potential concussions could be more effectively evaluated in athletes with different impairments.

Prevalence and incidence of health problems and their characteristics in Brazilian para athletes: A one-season single-center prospective pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Para athletes experience high prevalence and incidence of health problems related to sport. Despite this, there are few longitudinal studies. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems in para athletes from one of the Brazilian Paralympic Reference Centers during a sports season and to compare the prevalence of health problems between para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming. METHODS: This prospective pilot study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems was used to record injuries and illnesses every week for 24 weeks. The characteristics, prevalence, incidence, and severity of health problems were described for each modality. The prevalence of health problems was compared among the three sport modalities. RESULTS: Thirty-five para athletes participated. Most of the injuries occurred in the shoulder, and most illnesses caused respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The average weekly prevalence and the incidence rate of health problems were 40.6% (95% CI 17.0-64.4) and 12.7 (95% CI 9.6-15.9) per 1000 athlete hours, respectively. Para powerlifting had the highest prevalence of all and substantial health problems; para swimming had the lowest prevalence of injuries; and para athletics had the lowest prevalence of illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: This group of Brazilian para athletes showed a high prevalence and incidence of health problems throughout the season. Para athletics, para powerlifting, and para swimming each had a different prevalence of injuries and illnesses.

In vitro micropropagation and tiliroside production in Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm, an endemic and endangered Brazilian tree.

In vitro tissue culture can be an alternative method for endangered species propagation, biodiversity conservation and secondary metabolite studies. Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm. (Bignoniaceae) is an endemic and endangered Brazilian species. This work aimed to establish in vitro morphogenesis and callus induction and to perform a phytochemical analysis of P. peroba callus extract. Higher seed germination (43%) was obtained in Wood Plant Medium culture without activated charcoal (AC). Combination of 5 µM benzyladenine + 10 µM gibberellic acid, without AC, resulted in a higher number of shoots (2 shoots/explant). A callus culture was stabilised from zygotic embryos using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. A callus methanolic extract was used for phytochemical analysis. The isolated substance was identified as tiliroside (kaempferol 3-O-ß-D-(6''-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside) by NMR and quantified in callus and leaf extracts by HPLC. This study adds to the chemical knowledge of this species and it is the first report of a flavonol in Paratecoma.

Pap smears in the extreme South of Brazil: low coverage and exposure of the most vulnerable pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence, assess trends and identify factors associated with non-performance of Pap smears among postpartum women residing in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. METHODS: Between 01/01 and 12/31 of 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019, previously trained interviewers applied a single standardized questionnaire at the hospital to all postpartum women residing in this municipality. It was investigated from the planning of pregnancy to the immediate postpartum period. The outcome consisted of not performing a Pap smear in the last three years. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions and assess trends, and Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment in the multivariate analysis. The measure of effect was the prevalence ratio (PR). RESULTS: Although 80% of the 12,415 study participants had performed at least six prenatal consultations, 43.0% (95%CI 42.1-43.9%) had not been screened in the period. This proportion ranged from 64.0% (62.1-65.8%) to 27.9% (26.1-29.6%). The adjusted analysis showed a higher PR for not performing Pap smears among younger puerperal women, living without a partner, with black skin color, lower schooling, and family income, who did not have paid work during pregnancy or planned pregnancy, who attended fewer prenatal consultations. smoked during pregnancy and were not being treated for any illness. CONCLUSION: Despite the improvement in coverage, the observed rate of non-performance of Pap smears is still high. Women most likely to have cervical cancer were those who had the highest PR for not having this test.

Pap smears in the extreme South of Brazil: low coverage and exposure of the most vulnerable pregnant women / Citopatológico de colo uterino no extremo sul do Brasil: baixa cobertura e exposição das gestantes mais vulneráveis

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate prevalence, assess trends and identify factors associated with non-performance of Pap smears among postpartum women residing in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Methods: Between 01/01 and 12/31 of 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019, previously trained interviewers applied a single standardized questionnaire at the hospital to all postpartum women residing in this municipality. It was investigated from the planning of pregnancy to the immediate postpartum period. The outcome consisted of not performing a Pap smear in the last three years. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions and assess trends, and Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment in the multivariate analysis. The measure of effect was the prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Although 80% of the 12,415 study participants had performed at least six prenatal consultations, 43.0% (95%CI 42.1-43.9%) had not been screened in the period. This proportion ranged from 64.0% (62.1-65.8%) to 27.9% (26.1-29.6%). The adjusted analysis showed a higher PR for not performing Pap smears among younger puerperal women, living without a partner, with black skin color, lower schooling, and family income, who did not have paid work during pregnancy or planned pregnancy, who attended fewer prenatal consultations. smoked during pregnancy and were not being treated for any illness. Conclusion: Despite the improvement in coverage, the observed rate of non-performance of Pap smears is still high. Women most likely to have cervical cancer were those who had the highest PR for not having this test.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência, avaliar a tendência e identificar fatores associados à não realização de citopatológico de colo uterino (CP) entre puérperas em Rio Grande (RS). Métodos: Entre 1o de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 e 2019, entrevistadores previamente treinados aplicaram, ainda no hospital, questionário único e padronizado a todas as puérperas residentes neste município que tiveram filho nos hospitais locais. Investigou-se desde o planejamento da gravidez até o pós-parto imediato. O desfecho foi constituído pela não realização de CP nos últimos três anos. Utilizou-se teste χ² para comparar proporções e avaliar tendência e regressão de Poisson com ajuste da variância robusta na análise multivariável. A medida de efeito utilizada foi a razão de prevalências (RP). Resultados: Apesar de 80% das 12.415 participantes do estudo terem realizado 6+ consultas de pré-natal, 43,0% (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 42,1-43,9%) não realizaram CP no período. Essa proporção variou de 64,0% (62,1-65,8%) a 27,9% (26,1-29,6%). Após a análise ajustada, puérperas de menor idade, cor da pele preta, sem companheiro, de menor escolaridade e renda familiar, que não exerciam trabalho remunerado, não planejaram a gravidez, realizaram menor número de consultas de pré-natal, fumaram na gravidez e não fizeram tratamento para alguma doença mostraram RP significativamente maior à não realização de CP em relação às demais. Conclusão: Apesar de melhora na cobertura, a taxa observada de não realização de CP ainda é elevada. Mulheres mais propensas a ter câncer de colo uterino foram as que apresentaram as maiores RP à não realização desse exame.

Endoscopic therapy using a self-expandable metallic stent with an anti-migration system for postorthotopic liver transplantation anastomotic biliary stricture.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic therapy using multiple plastic stents (MPSs) is the standard therapy for postorthotopic liver transplantation (p-OLT) anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS). However, this approach demands repeated procedures. Recent studies using fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMS) have shown encouraging results, but migration occurs in 10% to 40% of cases. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment using FCSEMS with an anti-migration system (Am-FCSEMS) in patients with p-OLT ABS. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic treatment using an Am-FCSEMS in patients with p-OLT ABS. METHODS: This study was conducted in a private tertiary care centre in São Paulo, Brazil and was approved by our institution's Human Research Committee. From April 2018 to October 2020, regardless of previous endoscopic treatment (MPS or FCSEMS), 17 patients with p-OLT ABS and indications for endoscopic therapy were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, nonanastomotic biliary or hilar stricture, hepatic artery stenosis/thrombosis, isolated biliary fistulae, a distance shorter than 2 cm from the stricture to the hepatic hilum, and patient refusal. The primary endpoint was the efficacy of p-OLT ABS endoscopic treatment using an Am-FCSEMS that remained in place for a 12-mo period. Biliary sphincterotomy was performed in patients with native papilla, and an Am-FCSEMS (10 mm in final diameter and 60 or 80 mm in length) was placed (HanarostentTM MI Tech, Co). Balloon stricture dilation was performed only if necessary to introduce the stent. RESULTS: Three patients were excluded due to loss to follow-up before stent removal. Among the 14 patients included and followed, 7 were women, and the average age was 56 years (range: 28-76). The average period of Am-FCSEMS placement was 362 ± 109 d. Technical success occurred in all 14 patients (100%). There were no cases of distal stent migration. Complete resolution of the stricture occurred in 13/14 patients (92.85%). Adverse events occurred in 3/14 patients (21.42%): 2 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (14.28%) and 1 patient (7.14%) with stent dysfunction (occlusion by biliary sludge and stones, which was treated endoscopically without the need for stent removal). No deaths occurred related to therapy. All stents were removed using foreign body forceps or snares without difficulty. After Am-FCSEMS removal, all 13 patients who had ABS resolution were followed-up for an average of 411 ± 172 d, and there was no stricture recurrence or need for further endoscopic therapy. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, endoscopy therapy using an Am-FCSEMS for p-OLT ABS was safe and effective, with a high stricture resolution rate that was probably due to the absence of stent migration.

Sleep in Paralympic athletes and its relationship with injuries and illnesses.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sleep characteristics and investigate the relationship of sleep with injuries and illnesses in Paralympic athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Sports Training Center. PARTICIPANTS: 20 Paralympic athletes of athletics, swimming, and powerlifting. OUTCOMES: Injury and illnesses were recorded during the sports season through the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire (OSTRC-BR). Sleep-wake pattern was monitored for 2 weeks using actigraphy. Chronotype, sleep quality, sleep behavior, and sleep complaints were cross-sectionally collected. RESULTS: Poor sleep quality and poor sleep behavior were highly prevalent. The mean total sleep time was 6.57 ± 49.91. Duration of naps (r= -0.46; p=0.04) was associated with occurrence of health problems; frequency of insomnia (r= 0.51; p= 0.02), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (r= 0.45; p=0.04), and frequency of awakenings at night (r= 0.58; p= 0.01) were associated with severity of health problems; frequency of movements during sleep was associated with OSTRC-BR cumulative score (r= 0.58; p=0.00); and frequency of nightmares was associated with OSTRC mean score. CONCLUSIONS: Paralympic athletes tend to report poor sleep quality, have poor sleep behavior and sleep less than the recommended. Insomnia symptoms, awakenings at night, movements during sleep and poor sleep quality were associated with the occurrence and/or severity of health problems.

Impact event and orofacial pain amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the impact of social isolation, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, on mental health, Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and orofacial pain in men and women. METHODOLOGY: Individuals living in Brazil answered an online questionnaire on their sociodemographic and behavioral aspects, emotional scale (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale, and Pain Screener in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD-Pain Screener) during June 2020. Descriptive statistical analyses and logistic and linear regressions were applied (5% significance). RESULTS: Overall, 2301 individuals were included, 89.1% practiced social isolation, 72.6% were employed/studying, at least 15% presented severe or extremely severe levels of emotional distress and presence of powerful (34.1%) and severe impact event (15%). During the outbreak, 53.2% perceived feeling worse and 31.8% reported that orofacial pain started or worsened after the pandemic outbreak. Gender was associated with "social class" (P=0.036), "pain/stiffness in the jaw on awakening" (P=0.037), "change of pain during jaw habits" (P=0.034) and "perception of change in the situations mentioned in the TMD-Pain Screener" (P=0.020), "depression" (P=0.012), "anxiety" (P=0.006) and "impact of the event" (P=8.3E-11). Social isolation had a lesser chance to change the routine, to be practiced by the unemployed/not studying, and to be practiced by men (all with P<0.001). Associations were found between social class and all subscales of the DASS-21 and IES, all with P<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of social isolation has social determinants. High levels of psychological and event impacts were detected. The presence of orofacial pain seemed to increase during the health crisis, and there were gender differences in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prediction equation of hip external rotators maximum torque in healthy adults and older adults using the measure of hip extensors maximum torque.

BACKGROUND: The use of predictive equation of muscular torque can reduce physical effort and time spent during evaluation. OBJECTIVES: To establish, validate, and test the accuracy of a prediction equation to estimate the hip external rotators (HER) torque in adults and older adults by means of hip extensors (HEX) torque measurement. METHODS: Eighty-three healthy adults (development set) were assessed to test the association of HEX and HER torques and to establish the prediction equation. A separate 36 adults and 15 older adults (validation sets) were assessed to test the ability of the equation to estimate HER torque. Hip isometric strength was assessed by a handheld dynamometer. RESULTS: Simple linear regression analysis revealed that HEX torque was associated with HER torque (r=0.80; p<0.0001), resulting in the following prediction equation: HERtorque=-0.02+(0.58 * HEXtorque). Paired t-test revealed no difference between directly measured and predicted values of HER torque in adults (mean difference=0.02; 95% CI=-0.115, 0.072) and older adults (mean difference=0.05; 95% CI=-0.02, 0.12). CONCLUSION: The HEX and HER torques were strongly correlated. The prediction equation was valid, accurate, and can be used to estimate HER muscle strength in healthy adults and older adults, requiring only the direct measurement of HEX torque.

Prevalence and incidence of injuries in para athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis and GRADE recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate prevalence, incidence and profile of musculoskeletal injuries in para athletes. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, SPORTSDiscus, CINAHL and hand searching. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies were considered if they reported prevalence or incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in para athletes. Study selection, data extraction and analysis followed the protocol. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence and incidence rate among studies and subgroup analyses investigated whether methodological quality and sample size of the studies influenced on the estimated injury prevalence and incidence. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system determined the strength of evidence. RESULTS: Forty-two studies were included. The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries was 40.8% (95% CI 32.5% to 49.8%). Because of imprecision, indirectness and inconsistency, the strength of evidence was very low quality. The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries was 14.3 injuries per 1000 athlete-days (95% CI 11.9 to 16.8). The strength of evidence was low quality because of imprecision and indirectness. The subgroup analyses revealed that the sample size influenced on estimated injury prevalence and methodological quality influenced on estimated incidence. Injuries were more prevalent in the shoulder, for non-ambulant para athletes, and in the lower limbs, for ambulant para athletes. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION: Para athletes show high prevalence and incidence of musculoskeletal injuries. Current very low-quality and low-quality evidence suggests that future high-quality studies with systematic data collection, larger sample size and specificities of para athletes are likely to change estimates of injury prevalence and incidence in para athletes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020147982.

Impact event and orofacial pain amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a cross-sectional epidemiological study

Abstract Objectives This study aims to assess the impact of social isolation, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, on mental health, Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and orofacial pain in men and women. Methodology Individuals living in Brazil answered an online questionnaire on their sociodemographic and behavioral aspects, emotional scale (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale, and Pain Screener in Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD-Pain Screener) during June 2020. Descriptive statistical analyses and logistic and linear regressions were applied (5% significance). Results Overall, 2301 individuals were included, 89.1% practiced social isolation, 72.6% were employed/studying, at least 15% presented severe or extremely severe levels of emotional distress and presence of powerful (34.1%) and severe impact event (15%). During the outbreak, 53.2% perceived feeling worse and 31.8% reported that orofacial pain started or worsened after the pandemic outbreak. Gender was associated with "social class" (P=0.036), "pain/stiffness in the jaw on awakening" (P=0.037), "change of pain during jaw habits" (P=0.034) and "perception of change in the situations mentioned in the TMD-Pain Screener" (P=0.020), "depression" (P=0.012), "anxiety" (P=0.006) and "impact of the event" (P=8.3E-11). Social isolation had a lesser chance to change the routine, to be practiced by the unemployed/not studying, and to be practiced by men (all with P<0.001). Associations were found between social class and all subscales of the DASS-21 and IES, all with P<0.001. Conclusions The practice of social isolation has social determinants. High levels of psychological and event impacts were detected. The presence of orofacial pain seemed to increase during the health crisis, and there were gender differences in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Interprofissionalidade nos Cursos de Enfermagem de Instituições de Ensino Superior Públicas da Região Sul do Brasil / Interprofessionality in Nursing Courses at Public Higher Education Institutions in the Southern Region of Brazil

Objetivo: Identificar componentes curriculares ou disciplinas interprofissionais nos Projetos Pedagógicos Curriculares dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem das Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas localizadas na região Sul do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de caráter exploratório, norteado por análise documental, cujo corpus foram os PPC dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem. Resultados: Foram identificados 18 cursos de graduação em enfermagem e somente um deles apresentava um componente curricular eletivo que inclui diretamente interprofissionalidade em sua ementa, outros dois cursos abordam a temática em alguns componentes curriculares. Na análise da disciplina ímpar que dá ênfase a interprofissionalidade, frisa-se a eletividade e o fato de não exigir pré-requisitos. Conclusão: A Educação Interprofissional pode ser considerada uma ferramenta essencial para formar e preparar profissionais de saúde aptos a enfrentar as dificuldades e fragilidades dos serviços, de modo a intervir com maior grau de resolubilidade nos problemas de saúde da população.

Lower limb kinematics and hip extensors strengths are associated with performance of runners at high risk of injury during the modified Star Excursion Balance Test.

BACKGROUND: Reduced trunk and lower limb movement and hip and trunk muscles weakness may compromise the athletes' performance on the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of trunk and lower limb kinematics and strength with the performance on the mSEBT of runners at high risk of injury. METHODS: Thirty-nine runners performed the mSEBT with the dominant limb as the support limb. An Inertial System was used to capture the trunk, hip, knee and ankle movement during the mSEBT. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure the strength of trunk extensors and lateral flexors muscles, and hip extensors, lateral rotators and abductors of the support limb. Multiple regressions were used to investigate if trunk and lower limbs kinematics and trunk and hip muscles strength are associated with performance during the mSEBT. RESULTS: Reduced hip flexion and greater knee flexion range of motion (ROM) were associated with anterior reach in the mSEBT (r2=0.45; p<.001), greater hip flexion ROM was associated with posteromedial reach (r2=0.15; p=.012) and greater knee flexion ROM was associated with posterolateral reach (r2=0.23; p<.001). Hip extensor strength was associated with posteromedial (r2=0.14; p=.017), posterolateral (r2=0.10; p=.038) and composite reaches (r2=0.16; p=.009). CONCLUSION: Hip and knee kinematics in the sagittal plane explained 15-45% of the runners' performance on the mSEBT and hip extensor strength explained 10-16% of the mSEBT performance. These findings provide useful information on the contribution of joints kinematics and strength when evaluating dynamic postural control in runners at high risk of injury.

Auditoria: uma tecnologia de gestão para qualificação do processo de enfermagem / Auditoría: una tecnología de gestión para la cualificación del proceso de enfermería / Audit: a management technology for qualification of the nursing process

Objetivo: relatar o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia de auditoria para aplicabilidade das etapas do Processo de Enfermagem em um Hospital do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Método: relato de experiência envolvendo enfermeiros e docentes de enfermagem. Resultados: foi possível estruturar um fluxograma discriminando o passo a passo dos procedimentos de auditoria na instituição hospitalar, bem como mostrar os indicadores utilizados para analisar os aspectos designados no instrumento de auditoria. Os dados foram analisados e discutidos com os enfermeiros em "rodas de conversa" visando o aperfeiçoamento. Conclusão: a experiência permitiu perceber que para a implementação do Processo de Enfermagem na prática clínica dos serviços de saúde é vital estabelecer conjuntamente o processo de auditoria. A implantação de uma comissão estruturada no Hospital em estudo, preocupada em desenvolver tecnologias de gestão para qualificação do cuidado e estruturada de forma coletiva e participativa, foi fundamental para o sucesso das ações.

Objetivo: informar sobre el desarrollo de una auditoría de la tecnología para la aplicabilidad de los pasos del Proceso de Enfermería en un hospital en el oeste de Santa Catarina. Método: relato de experiencia con enfermeras y profesores en enfermería. Resultados: fue posible estructurar un diagrama de flujo que describe el paso a paso de los procedimientos de auditoría de la institución hospitalaria, así como muestra los indicadores usados para analizar los aspectos contemplados en el instrumento de auditoría. Los datos fueron analizados y discutidos con las enfermeras en la "rueda de conversación" con el objetivo de la mejora. Conclusión: la experiencia permitió percibir que, para la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería en la práctica clínica de los servicios de salud, es vital establecer conjuntamente el proceso de auditoría. La implementación de una comisión estructurada en el hospital en el presente estudio, interesada en desarrollar tecnologías de gestión para calificación de cuidado y estructurada de manera colectiva y participativa, fue crucial para el éxito de las acciones.

Objective: to report the development of an audit technology for applicability of the steps of the Nursing Process in a hospital in western Santa Catarina. Method: experience report involving nurses and nursing professors. Results: it was possible to structure a flowchart describing the step-by-step of the audit procedures in the hospital institution, as well as showing the indicators used to analyze the aspects referred to in the instrument of audit. The data were analyzed and discussed with the nurses in "conversation wheels" aiming at the improvement. Conclusion: the experience allowed realizing that, for the implementation of the Nursing Process in the clinical practice of health services, it is vital to establish the audit process jointly. The deployment of a structured committee in the hospital of study, concerned with developing management technologies for qualification of care and structured in a collective and participative way, was crucial to the success of actions.

Analise microscópica de matérias estranhas em bebida de frutas tipo néctar / Microscopic analysis of strange matters in nectar fruit juice

Néctares são definidos como bebidas não fermentadas de frutas, obtida da diluição em água potável da parte comestível do vegetal ou de seu extrato, adicionado de açúcares,destinada ao consumo direto. A microscopia de alimentos engloba técnicas analíticas para a verificação de matérias estranhas em alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análise para a verificação da presença de matérias estranhas em amostras de suco de frutas do tipo néctar. Os resultados mostraram ausência de matérias estranhas em três amostras, e as demais apresentaram pelo menos algum tipo de sujidade como fragmentos de larvas, pêlo de roedor, pêlo humano, fragmentos de ovo de inseto, fragmentos de insetos indicativos de falhas. Segundo tolerância estabelecida pela a RDC N° 14, de 28 de março de 2014 as amostras podem ser comercializadas e consumidas.

Effects of foot pronation on the lower limb sagittal plane biomechanics during gait.

BACKGROUND: Increased foot pronation may compromise ankle plantarflexion moment during the stance phase of gait, which may overload knee and hip. RESEARCH QUESTION: This study investigated the influence of increased foot pronation on lower limbs angular displacement, internal moments and power in the sagittal plane and ground reaction force and center of pressure displacement during the stance phase of gait. METHODS: Kinematic and kinetic data of 22 participants (10 women and 12 men) were collected while they walked wearing flat (control condition) and laterally wedged sandals to induce foot pronation (inclined condition). We used principal component analysis for data reduction and dependent t-test to compare differences between conditions with α = 0.05. RESULTS: The inclined condition increased forefoot range of motion (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.73); increased ankle plantarflexion angle (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.96); reduced ankle plantarflexion moment in mid and terminal stance phases and delayed and increased ankle plantarflexion moment in late stance (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.72); increased range of ankle power during late stance (p = 0.006; effect size = 0.56); reduced knee range of moment (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.76); increased range of knee power in early stance and reduced knee power generation in late stance (p = 0.005; effect size = 0.56); reduced the anterior displacement of the center of pressure (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.82) and increased the ground reaction force in the anterior direction (p = 0.003; effect size = 0.60). SIGNIFICANCE: Increased foot pronation compromises lower limb mechanics in the sagittal plane during the stance phase of gait. These findings are explained by the fact that foot pronation increases foot segments flexibility and compromises foot lever arm function during the stance of gait.

Práticas de integração ensino-serviço-comunidade e a formação em Odontologia: possíveis conexões e fluxos no ensino na saúde / Practices of teaching-service-community integration and training in Dentistry: possible connections and flows in health education

A pesquisa objetiva compreender, a partir do ponto de vista do preceptor, as práticas de integração ensino-serviço-comunidade vivenciadas durante a formação em Odontologia. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório utilizando a técnica de grupo focal. Emergiram da análise dos dados quatro categorias temáticas: a construção da identidade do preceptor da graduação em Odontologia; a preceptoria e sua polissemia; a Estratégia Saúde da Família como campo de práticas; e potencialidades e fragilidades na integração ensino-serviço-comunidade. Os preceptores reconhecem as contribuições da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade para a formação em Odontologia. O papel do preceptor foi apontado como o de facilitador do aprendizado, que ao exercer sua função também vivencia uma constante atualização teórica. A construção da identidade dos preceptores é percebida como um processo inacabado e são pontuadas estratégias para que sejam concretizadas as mudanças almejadas na formação em Odontologia. A Estratégia Saúde da Família foi percebida como campo de práticas que permite aos discentes perceber na realidade como o sistema funciona. Potencialidades foram citadas na integração dos acadêmicos com a Atenção Primária à Saúde, como o contato com o corpo docente e ocorrência de momentos de formativos. Contudo, são necessários maiores esforços de todo o ambiente acadêmico, e maior implicação da gestão para o estímulo a experiências pedagógicas condizentes com as necessidades em saúde do país. A temática abordada na presente pesquisa abre oportunidade para a realização de outros estudos em diferentes instituições de ensino superior no país que contribuam com a compreensão das contribuições da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade para a formação em Odontologia (AU).

The research aims to understand, from the point of view of the preceptor, the practices of integration teaching-service-community experienced during the training in the Dentistry program. It is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study using the focal group technique. From the analysis of the data emerged four thematic categories: the construction of the identity of the preceptor of the Dentistry program; the preceptorship and its polysemy; the Family Health Strategy as a field of practice; and potentialities and weaknesses in teaching-service-community integration. The preceptors acknowledge the contributions of the teaching-service-community integration for the training in the Dentistry program. The role of the preceptor was pointed out as the facilitator of learning, who in exercising his function also experiences a constant theoretical update. The construction of the identity of the preceptors is realized as an unfinished process and strategies are pointed out so that the desired changes in the formation in Dentistry can be realized. The Family Health Strategy was realized as a field of practices that allows students to realize in reality how the system works. Potentialities were cited in the integration of the academics with Primary Health Care, such as the contact with the teaching staff and the occurrence of formative moments. However, greater efforts are needed throughout the academic environment, and greater involvement of management in stimulating pedagogical experiences consistent with the health needs of the country. The theme addressed in the present research opens the possibility for other studies in different institutions of higher education in the country that contribute to the understanding of the contributions of the teaching-service-community integration for the training in Dentistry (AU).

Cardiac arrest after epidural anesthesia for a esthetic plastic surgery: a case report / Parada cardíaca após peridural para cirurgia plástica estética: relato de caso

Abstract Cardiac arrest during neuraxial anesthesia is a serious adverse event, which may lead to significant neurological damage and death if not treated promptly. The associated mechanisms are neglected respiratory failure, extensive sympathetic block, local anaesthetic toxicity, total spinal block, in addition to the growing awareness of the vagal predominance as a predisposing factor. In the case reported, the patient was 25 years old, ASA I, scheduled for a esthetic lipoplasty. After sedation with midazolam and fentany, epidural anesthesia in interspaces T12-L1 and T2-T3 and catheter insertion into inferior puncture were performed. The patient remained in the supine position for 10 min. Then, she was placed in the prone position, developing asystolic cardiac arrest 20 min after the completion of neuraxial blockade. The medical team immediately placed the patient in the supine position and began cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Spontaneous circulation was achieved after twenty minutes of resuscitation. We discuss in this report the exacerbated vagal response as the main event mechanism. The patient's successful outcome emphasizes the importance of anaesthetic monitoring by anesthesiologists, prompt recognition and treatment of rhythm changes on the electrocardiogram.

Resumo A parada cardíaca durante anestesia neuroaxial é um evento adverso grave, que pode ocasionar sequelas neurológicas importantes e morte se não tratada em tempo hábil. Os mecanismos associados são insuficiência respiratória negligenciada, bloqueio simpático extenso, toxicidade por anestésicos locais, raquianestesia total, além da crescente consciência da predominância vagal como fator predisponente. No caso reportado, a paciente tinha 25 anos e estado físico ASA I e foi programada para lipoplastia estética. Após sedação com midazolam e fentanil, foi feita anestesia peridural nos interespaços T12-L1 e T2-T3 e inserção de cateter na punção inferior. A paciente foi mantida em decúbito dorsal horizontal durante 10 minutos. Em seguida, foi posicionada em decúbito ventral, evoluiu com parada cardíaca em assistolia 20 minutos após o bloqueio do neuroeixo. A equipe médica imediatamente colocou a paciente em decúbito dorsal e iniciou as manobras de ressuscitação cardiorrespiratória. O retorno da circulação espontânea foi obtido após 20 minutos de reanimação. É discutida neste relato a resposta vagal exacerbada como principal mecanismo causal do evento. O sucesso do desfecho da paciente em questão ressalta a importância da vigilância do anestesiologista, e do pronto reconhecimento e tratamento de mudanças de ritmo no eletrocardiograma.