[Rationale for differentiated sanitary protection zones for battery recycling enterprises in modern conditions].

In the paper there is presented the rationale for differentiated sanitary protective zones in the present conditions both of the increase of volumes of production and introduction of various technological solutions on the example of battery recycling enterprise. It is established that the in acting regulations the classification of enterprises recycling of non-ferrous metals, fails to take into account such the hazard risks criteria of the enterprise, as volume of emissions of priority substances, the height of their arrival in the atmosphere, etc., and also does not take into account increased significantly in the current time processing volumes. The results of the performed research allowed to offer new positions in the classification of production of secondary lead from used batteries (I to IV class), depending on the volume of production (from 20 000 to 160 000 tons per year), the amount of emissions of lead (0.2 to 1, 6 tons per year) and release height (15 to 60 m).

[The development of hygienic basis of odour regulation and control in ambient air and ways of harmonization in this field].

The work provides an overview of the major stages in the development of hygienic basis of regulation and control odour in our country and abroad. It indicates that the current methodology for the evaluation of odour due to its "obsessions" is consistent with the system of odour management in ambient air abroad based on the results of epidemiological studies. The methodology, based on the examination of the probability of perception not only the "indeterminate" smell, but smell with different intensity (odorimetriâ), aimed at preventing the appearance of "obsessive" smell among population, but without the time-consuming and expensive epidemiological studies has been proposed.

[Local immunity and methods for its assessment upon exposure to ambient air-polluting biologicals].

The investigators studied the impact of biological air contamination by the dusts resulting from protein feedstuff manufacture and grain on local immunity of the mucosae in children and adults living in the areas that were differently distant from industrial objects, the sources of contamination, as well as in workers of the shops contaminated by dust containing various amounts of protein. The studies showed that the workers of a biochemical plant exhibited a considerable change in the majority of immunological parameters (lysozyme activity, heterophile antibody titers, salivary and skin bactericidity, salivary total and R-protein, and immunoglobulins A, M, G, and E). There was a significant decrease in salivary IgA activity. The immunological parameters of children and adults were further compared with their morbidity as the most important health index. It was found that with the production rates being steadily raised, the average annual morbidity increment was 1.3; children less than 14 years of age in whom the incidence of bronchial asthma and bronchitis with asthmatic components increased 5-fold were most susceptible.

[Development of hygienic bases for air protection in the areas of industrial enterprises: results and prospects].

The paper presents the results of developments of the scientific principles in ambient air protection in Russia and outlines the prospects of their further development. The problems associated with ambient air hygiene can be solved when public and privately owned enterprises take an active part and financially support.

[Hygienic standards for ambient air pollutants: the-state-of-the-art and ways of harmonization].

The paper presents data on the harmonization of hygienic standards for ambient air pollutants and perspective lines for further development of these studies.

[Complex characterization of the influence of environmental factors and social conditions on population health].

The study determined the overall contribution of atmospheric air pollution and socioeconomic and other factors on population health, as well as the role of medical providence in the lowering of population morbidity. The study shows that different individual factors of medical providence have different effects on medicodemographic situation. Also different is the significance of various characteristics of socioeconomic conditions. The results demonstrate that the contribution of air pollutants and their mixtures into male and female mortality in various age groups is different and depends on the cause of death and pathogenetic peculiarities of the action of the components.

[The prospects of application of methods of population immune status evaluation when performing mass hygienic studies].

Non-invasive methods of sampling and a range of immunological assays for mass ecologo-hygienic studies of population were developed and introduced into practice in Sysin Scientific Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The studied materials were saliva, urine, breast milk, the condition of lymph nodes, and anamnesis. The complex of non-invasive methods was shown to be less complicated and, at the same time, informative and cheap, which allows recommending it for sociohygienic monitoring when performing mass hygienic studies.

[Study of the influence of chemical pollution of the environment on the health status of children by noninvasive biochemical diagnosis]. / Issledovanie vluianiia khimicheskogo zagriazneniia okruzhaiushchei sredy na sostoianie zdorov'ia detskogo naseleniia metodami neinvazivnoi biokhimicheskoi diagnostiki.

The paper presents the results of a complex biochemical study of the health status of children from Moscow, the Moscow Region, Yaroslavl, Cherepovets, the Voronezh Region, etc. The presented results allowed the authors to detect renal protective dysfunction in children in relation to environmental pollution. The greatest deviations of the studied parameters were observed in Moscow (Garden Ring, Central Administration Okrug (CAO)) and in the industrial town of Cherepovets (the area in vicinity of the Severostal enterprise). The results of a complex biomedical examination of 486 children in the Moscow CAO were first analyzed. The spread of changes was established in the studied parameters over a time, which indicates the presence of immunodeficiency, immunopathology, renal detoxifying dysfunction, and nasal and oral mucosal changes.

[The epidemiological validation of the MPEL for grain dust in the atmosphere]. / Epidemiologicheskoe obosnovanie PDK zernovoi pyli v atmosfernom vozdukhe.

The use of calculating and gravimetric methods for examining the grain dust pollution of the ambient air at the site of an elevator determined the maximum single, mean daily, and mean annual concentrations at different distances from the source of dust emission. The mean ratio of these concentrations was 12.1:4.3:1, respectively. The calculated concentration-effect and concentration-time relationships provided evidence for the maximum single, mean daily, and mean annual allowable concentrations for grain dust in the ambient air.

[The status of the body protective systems in children in atmospheric pollution by grain dust]. / Sostoianie zashchitnykh sistem organizma detei pri zagriaznenii atmosfernogo vozdukha zernovoi pyl'iu.

The use of noninvasive methods has revealed changes in the detoxification and immune systems in children exposed to grain dust-polluted ambient air. Impaired detoxification and immunity may be considered to be a manifestation of the common pathological mechanism responsible for reduced resistance to adverse factors and they lead to the increased risk of nonspecific infectious processes and allergy in the population.