Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using the novel Hugo™ RAS system: Feasibility, setting and perioperative outcomes of the first off-clamp series.

INTRODUCTION: Hugo Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS) System has been conceived with enhanced modularity but its role for nephron-sparing surgery setting still remains poorly explored. We aimed to describe our experience in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) with a three-arms setting for the first off-clamp series using the new Hugo RAS System. METHODS: Patients were placed on an extended flank position at the margin of the surgical bed with a slightly flexion (45°). The first 11 mm robotic trocar (camera port) was placed along the pararectal line 14 ± 2 cm far from the umbilicus. The pneumoperitoneum was then induced through the AirSeal system (SurgiQuest, Milford, Connecticut, USA©). Two more 8 mm operative robotic ports were placed under direct vision, either 8 ± 1 cm far from optic's port. Two 12 mm laparoscopic ports for bed-assistant were placed between robotic ports. Monopolar curved shears, fenestrated grasper, and large needle driver were used in a three-instruments configuration. RESULTS: Off-clamp RAPN was successfully performed in seven patients with cT1 renal masses using a trans-peritoneal route. Median port placement and docking time was 6 min (IQR, 4-8 min). Hemostasis was achieved through renorraphy using a single transfix stitch with sliding clips technique. There was no need for additional ports placement. No intraoperative complications occurred, no clashing of robotic instruments or between the robotic arms was observed. No technical failures of the system occurred. Median console time was 83 min (IQR, 68-115 min). Median estimated blood loss were 200 ml (IQR, 50-400 ml). All patients were discharged between post-operative day 2 and 3, without the need of hospital readmission. No complications were recorded within the first 30 post-operative days. CONCLUSIONS: We performed the first series of off-clamp RAPN using the novel HUGO RAS System. This novel robotic platform showed an easy-friendly docking system, providing excellent perioperative outcomes with a simple three-arms configuration.

Importancia del papel de Haemophilus no ducreyi en el tracto genital femenino y su relación con la clínica / Importance of the role of Haemophilus no ducreyi isolates in female genital tract and its clinical relationship

Antecedentes: Cada vez son más frecuentes los informes microbiológicos con agentes emergentes en episodios clínicos del aparato genital de sujetos con sospecha de infección, como son las especies de Haemophilus no ducreyi (HND). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la importancia clínica del aislamiento de estas especies en el tracto genital del sexo femenino. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo en un hospital universitario del sudeste español, donde se evalúan los aislamientos de HND en muestras de exudados genitales femeninos procedentes de atención sanitaria especializada entre 2016 y 2019. Se analizaron variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y microbiológicas de los episodios infecciosos de mujeres adultas y niñas. Resultados: Se encontraron 45 (25 mujeres y 20 niñas) aislamientos de HND, correspondiendo al 1% del total, siendo la especie más frecuente Haemophilus influenzae (64,4%). En mujeres predominaron la leucorrea y el dolor abdominal, y en el 72% hubo aislamiento polimicrobiano. En niñas se aisló frecuentemente de forma aislada, con presencia de eritema vulvovaginal, flujo patológico y prurito local. Destacó la alta tasa de resistencia de Haemophilus parainfluenzae a azitromicina (72,7%) y cotrimoxazol (18,2%) en mujeres adultas, y la resistencia a azitromicina en niñas (25%). Conclusiones: H. influenzae y H.parainfluenzae deben tenerse en cuenta como posible agente etiológico en casos de vaginitis y cervicitis en mujeres adultas, así como en sospecha de enfermedad pélvica inflamatoria. En niñas, H.influenzae representa uno de los agentes microbiológicos de las infecciones vulvovaginales. La tasa de resistencia a azitromicina de H.parainfluenzae y a cotrimoxazol de ambas especies se debe tener presente.(AU)

Background: The isolation of new pathogens in clinical samples from the genital tract of subjects with suspected infection, such as Haemophilus no ducreyi (HND) species, is becoming more frequent. The objective of this work is to analyze the pathogenic role and the clinical importance of the isolation of these species in female genital tract. Patients and methods: We carried out an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study from a Hospital in Granada (Spain). HND isolates in female genital samples between 2016 and 2019 from specialized care were studied. Clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological variables of clinical episodes of adult women and girls were analyzed. Results: Forty-five (25 women and 20 girls) isolates of HND were found, corresponding to 1%; the most frequent specie was Haemophilus influenzae (64.4%). In women, leukorrhea and abdominal pain was frequent and in 72% there was a polymicrobial isolate. In girls, it was frequently in isolation, with the presence of vulvovaginal erythema, pathological discharge, and local itching. We highlight the high rate of resistance of Haemophilus parainfluenzae to azithromycin (72.7%) and cotrimoxazole (18.2%) in adult women, in contrast to resistance to azithromycin in girls (25%). Conclusions: H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae should be considered as a possible etiological agent in cases of vaginitis and cervicitis in adult women, as well as in suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. In girls, H.influenzae represents one of the microbiological agents within the etiologies of vulvovaginal infections. We highlight the rate of resistance to azithromycin in H.parainfluenzae and to cotrimoxazole in both species.(AU)

Adaptive response of Italian young adults with autism to the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a hazardous situation for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. The difficulties, following the COVID-19-derived lockdown, have involved working from home or loss of employment, and the demands of looking after their children without the daily support of specialists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptive behaviour of young adult participants with ASD after the enforcement of lockdown measures in March 2020 in a specialised centre in central Italy, by administering the Italian form of the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales Second Edition (VABS-II), at baseline as well as 6 months and 1 year after the lockdown. Participants with ASD who were not able to access their normal, in-person care - they were only followed at a distance (i.e. telehealth) - declined dramatically in their adaptive behaviour during the first months after the lockdown for some VABS-II dimensions such as the socialisation and daily living domains. The effects of the lockdown on adaptive behaviour remained after 1 year. Our results emphasise the need for immediate, continuous and personal support for people with ASD during and after the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure at least partial recovery of adaptive functioning.

Long-term antibody response following SPUTNIK V primary vaccination in healthcare workers with and without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Prospective cohort study from a hospital in Argentina.

Background: In December 2020, Sputnik V was incorporated to the National COVID-19 Immunization Plan in Argentina. Studies had shown 98% of antibody response rate. To date, data on immunogenicity and antibody persistence in Argentina are scarce.The objective was to assess humoral immune response after two doses of Sputnik V in Health Care Workers (HCWs) at the Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital (RGCH). Methods: A prospective, cohort study in HCWs immunized with two doses of Sputnik V between February and March 2021. The following variables were assessed: age, gender, risk factors for severe COVID-19 or mortality, immunosuppressive therapy and history of SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were drawn on the day of the first dose, 28 days and 180 days after the second. Anti-Spike IgG was measured using an ELISA assay. Differences in immune response were evaluated according to study variables. Comparison analyses between groups with or without history of infection were performed, with T-test and ANOVA or Mann-Whitney tests. For each subject, we compared baseline values with 28 days and 180 days after the second vaccine.STATA version 14 and R Sofware were used for data analyses. Results: We included 528 individuals, mean age 41.5 years, 82.9% female, 14.4% (76/528) reported previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.All subjects developed antibodies post-vaccination. At day 28, concentrations were significantly higher in previously infected than naïve subjects (p < 0.001) with no differences according to age, gender and comorbidities.At day 180, 17% (95% CI 13.17-21.53) of naïve subjects were negative. Antibody concentrations decreased significantly in all subjects except in those who reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination (n = 31). This last group had significantly higher antibody concentrations. Conclusion: This study assessed immune response to a new COVID-19 vaccine in real life in a cohort of subjects. Antibody concentrations varied according to history of SARS-COV-2 infection and decreased over time.

Growth in height and body proportion from birth to adulthood in hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Patients with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets are short and disproportionate and very little information is available on segmental growth, but the body disproportion at adulthood leads us to think that the growth velocity of legs is slower. METHODS: A total of 96 children were included and molecular testing was carried out in 42. Children who reached adult height were classified into two groups according to their compliance to conventional treatment (phosphate supplement and calcitriol). Individual growth records of height and sitting height/height were plotted using Argentine reference data in 96 children and growth curves were estimated by fitting Preece-Baines Model 1 in 19 of the children. RESULTS: Molecular testing revealed sequence deleterious alterations or large deletions in 36/42 patients. During childhood, 76% of children grew below - 1.88 standard deviation score (SDS) and 97% had body disproportion. During adolescence, the mean peak height velocity for the good and poor compliance to treatment groups was 7.8 (0.6) and 5.4 (0.4) cm/year in boys and 7.0 (0.7) and 5.2 (0.8) cm/year in girls, respectively. At adulthood, the median sitting height/height ratio was 2.32 and 6.21 SDS for the good and poor compliance to treatment groups, respectively. The mean pubertal growth spurt of the trunk was -0.8 (1.4) SDS, with a short pubertal growth spurt of - 1.8 (0.4) SDS for limbs in the good compliance group. Median adult height in 13/29 males and 30/67 females was -4.56 and -3.16 SDS, respectively. CONCLUSION: For all patients the growth spurt was slower, secondary to a short growth spurt of limbs, reaching a short adult height with body disproportion that was more prominent in the poor compliance group.

Pubertal growth in height, sitting height and leg length in achondroplasia.

Background: Children with achondroplasia (ACH) appear to lack a pubertal growth spurt in height.Aim To explore the growth spurt in height and its segments sitting height and leg length, in a large sample of ACH cases using growth curve modelling.Subjects and methods: Height and sitting height were measured longitudinally in ACH children, and the data were analysed using the SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation) growth model, which estimates a mean growth curve and random effects for individuals defining differences in size, pubertal timing and intensity.Results: Out of 402 ACH children, 85 boys and 75 girls aged 7-20 years had respectively 529 and 454 measurements of height and sitting height, with leg length calculated by difference. SITAR analysis identified peaks in mean height velocity at 13.3 and 11.3 years in boys and girls, with peak velocities of 4.3 and 4.4 cm/year. Mean peak velocity for sitting height was 3.0 cm/year, but leg length showed no peak. The SITAR models explained 92% to 99% of the cross-sectional variance.Conclusion: ACH children do experience a growth spurt in puberty, but only half that of control children. The spurt is due entirely to sitting height, with no leg length spurt.

Reflexiones sobre la necesidad de Unidades de Referencia de Nefropatología / Reflections on the need for Nephropathology Reference Units

1. La ERC tiene una elevada incidencia y prevalencia con un alto impacto sobre la calidad de vida y mortalidad de los pacientes, lo que supone un importante consumo de recursos sanitarios. 2. En un porcentaje relevante de pacientes no se dispone de un diagnóstico etiológico de la ERC, lo que limita sus posibilidades de tratamiento y curación. 3. Las acciones dirigidas a mejorar el diagnóstico permitirán favorecer un mejor conocimiento de las causas de la ERC y optimizar el tratamiento. 4. La biopsia renal, constituye el procedimiento necesario para el estudio histopatológico del tejido renal que permitirá establecer el diagnóstico, las posibilidades de tratamiento y el pronóstico del daño renal. 5. El trasplante renal constituye la mejor opción de TRS. La causa más frecuente de pérdida del injerto renal es el rechazo. La biopsia renal es el único método para establecer el tipo de rechazo e iniciar el tratamiento más adecuado. 6. La planificación del tratamiento de la enfermedad renal se establece con base en un diagnóstico preciso y este se basa en el diagnóstico histológico. La falta de una adecuada interpretación diagnóstica, bien por inexperiencia del patólogo, bien por falta de medios diagnósticos (microscopia electrónica), condiciona y limita las opciones de tratamiento en perjuicio del enfermo

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Diagnostic challenges in von Willebrand disease. Report of two cases with emphasis on multimeric and molecular analysis.

Identification of qualitative variants of von Willebrand disease (VWD) can be a diagnostic challenge because of discrepant results obtained in the multiple laboratory tests available for its appropriate classification. We report two cases of infrequent inherited variants of VWD with unclear preliminary results with the test panel available at the time of first consultation and that were finally diagnosed as a VWD type 2A/IID with a c.8318 G > C, p.Cys2773Ser mutation and a VWD type 2M with c.4225 T > G, p.Val1409Phe mutation, respectively. The description of these two cases highlights that despite the limited diagnostic panel for the evaluation of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) functionality, the multimeric analysis and genetic family studies were fundamental tools to achieve the final diagnosis.

Intensive intervention for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: comparison of three rehabilitation treatments.

INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests. There are several rehabilitative interventions for individuals with ASD but the evidence of their effectiveness is low or moderate overall. The transition phase of ASD individuals from adolescence to adulthood represents an important challenge. Adults with ASD struggle to access employment or independent living. METHODS: In our study, we evaluated the effect of three different high-intensity interventions, namely Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication-Handicapped Children (TEACCH) and Behavioural Educational Intervention (BEI), in 93 ASD (levels 2 and 3) adolescents (age range 12-18 years). RESULTS: Our results showed that all adolescents with ASD reported an improvement of core symptoms, regardless of the type of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A high intensity intervention ameliorates the core symptoms of ASD, enriching evidence of effectiveness regarding adolescents with ASD.KEY POINTSIndividuals with ASD need lifespan support and they struggle to access employment, independent living and community inclusion.There are several rehabilitative interventions for individuals with ASD but the evidence of their effectiveness in adolescents is insufficient.The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible enhancement produced by three intensive interventions (ABA, TEACCH, BEI) of symptom severity and adaptive functions.Results show that independently of the treatment, individuals with ASD decrease in ASD severity.Individuals who were treated with the BEI and TEACCH programmes reported improvements in the adaptive domains.

Vaginal fertility-sparing surgery and laparoscopic sentinel lymph node detection in early cervical cancer. Retrospective study with 15 years of follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oncological outcomes of vaginal fertility-sparing surgery plus laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early cervical cancer over a 15-years period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 2005 to April 2018, 38 patients diagnosed with early stage cervical cancer underwent vaginal fertility-sparing surgery at the Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. Patients with FIGO stage IA1 with lymphovascular space invasion and stage IA2 underwent simple trachelectomy and patients with stage IB1 underwent radical vaginal trachelectomy. All cases underwent laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy. In the first 19 cases, laparoscopic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was completed immediately after sentinel lymph node biopsy. Clinical and oncological follow-up data were collected. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 33.5 years (range 22-44). Simple trachelectomy was performed in seven cases (18.4%) and vaginal radical trachelectomy in 31 (81.6%). Nineteen patients were exclusively treated with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy and 19 with sentinel lymph node biopsy plus laparoscopic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. There were no significant differences between the two lymph node assessment groups regarding histology and tumour size. The median follow-up was 73 months (range 1-160 months). There were 4 recurrences (3 patients with IB1 and 1 with IA2). Two occurred in the sentinel lymph node biopsy group and 2 in the sentinel lymph node biopsy plus laparoscopic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy group. All the recurrences were diagnosed in patients with adenocarcinoma and in 3 patients without lymphovascular space invasion. CONCLUSION: Vaginal fertility-sparing surgery combined with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy seems to be a safe oncological procedure in selected patients with early stage cervical cancer. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in fertility- sparing surgery in cervical cancer. Adenocarcinoma histology seems to be an important risk factor for recurrence.

Protocolo de actuación ante la epidemia de enfermedad por coronavirus en los pacientes de diálisis y trasplantados renales / Protocol against coronavirus diseases in patients on renal replacement therapy: Dialysis and kidney transplant

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Apendicitis recurrente / Recurrent appendicitis

La apendicitis crónica es una entidad poco frecuente, que se manifiesta como dolor abdominal recurrente en la fosa iliaca derecha. Las pruebas complementarias (hemograma, proteína C reactiva y ecografía) pueden ser normales, por lo que sería necesario realizar una laparoscopia con apendicectomía para el diagnóstico. El estudio histológico muestra cambios inflamatorios crónicos no ocasionados por otros procesos infecciosos ni compatibles con una enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 12 años con episodios autolimitados de dolor abdominal agudo en el transcurso de dos años, al que se le realizó tratamiento quirúrgico con diagnóstico definitivo de apendicitis crónica

Chronic appendicitis is a rare entity, manifested by episodes of recurrent abdominal pain located in the right iliac fossa. Complementary tests (blood count, C-reactive protein and ultrasound) may be normal, so it would be necessary a laparoscopy with appendectomy for diagnosis. The histological study shows chronic inflammatory changes, not caused by other infectious processes and not compatible with an inflammatory bowel disease. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with self-limited episodes of acute abdominal pain during the course of two years. It was necessary a surgical treatment, with a definitive diagnosis of chronic appendicitis

Is one brachytherapy fraction of 7 Gy similar to more fractions after external beam irradiation in postoperative endometrial carcinoma?

PURPOSE: To determine whether brachytherapy with a single hypofractionated dose of 7 Gy provides the similar vaginal-cuff relapses and safety profile in terms of complications compared to schedules of 2 or 3 fractions of lower doses in patients treated previously with external beam irradiation in postoperative endometrial carcinoma. METHODS/MATERIAL: From June 2003 to December 2016, 325 patients were treated with 3 different schedules of high-dose-rate brachytherapy after external beam irradiation for postoperative endometrial carcinoma. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group-1: 125 patients were treated with 3 fractions of 4-6 Gy per fraction (3 fractions/week) between 2003 and 2008; Group-2: 93 patients were treated with 2 consecutive daily fractions of 5-6 Gy between 2008 and 2011; Group-3: 107 patients received a single fraction of 7 Gy between 2011 and 2016. Bladder and rectum complications were assessed using RTOG scores and with the objective scores of LENT-SOMA for the vagina. STATISTICS: the chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean follow-up of Groups 1, 2 and 3 was 95, 67 and 51 months, respectively. Three patients in Group-1, 2 in Group-2, 1 in Group-3 developed vaginal-cuff relapse (p = 0.68). No differences were found in late toxicity among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: One single dose of 7 Gy is safe and effective and may be the best treatment schedule with a similar incidence of vaginal-cuff relapses, complications and patient comfort with less hospital attendance.