Linguistic validation and cognitive assessment of the French version of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: The Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) questionnaire first developed in Russian and Uzbek languages and now available in many other languages can be used for clinical diagnostics and patient-reported outcome (PRO) in female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC). The aim of the current study was the linguistic validation and cognitive assessment of the French version of the ACSS questionnaire according to internationally accepted guidelines. METHODS: After two forward translations from Russian into the French language and backward translation into Russian and Uzbek, the two original languages, the scientific committee (SC) performed a slightly adapted French version, which finally was cognitively assessed by female subjects with different ages and educational levels and medical professionals, such as nurses, physicians, and pharmacists. RESULTS: All comments of the female subjects and professionals were discussed within the SC and after slight, but necessary adaptations, the SC agreed on the final study version of the French ACSS. CONCLUSION: Now, the linguistically validated and cognitively assessed French version of the ACSS can be used for clinical studies and practice.

[Comparative study of changes in electroencephalographic and rheoencephalographic recordings with advancing age (author's transl)]. / Etude comparative electroencéphalographique et rhéoencéphalographique dans le vieillissement.

The correlation between the frequency index of the left parietotemporal E.E.G., and cerebral blood flow determined by rheoencephalography, was studied in 20 normal children (aged 8 to 13 years), 24 normal adults (18 to 45 years), 15 normal elderly subjects (78 to 95 years), and 37 patients with pathological disorders. A significant correlation was found in each group between the E.E.G. frequency index and blood flow rate. The occupation times correlating with the flow were: rapid rhythms in children, alpha rhythms (negative correlation) in normal adults, slow rhythms (negative correlations) in elderly subjects, and slow rhythms (negative correlation) in patients with pathological disorders.

Relationship between the electroencephalogram and the rheoencephalogram in the normal young adult.

The REG technique permitting an estimation of the grey matter flow was applied in conjunction with the simultaneous recording of the EEG analysed by the SULG manual method with 21 normal adult subjects. A relationship was established between the REG index and the EEG frequency index in a resting situation with eyes closed. An increase of the REG index was observed when the eyes were open, for looking at a picture and during a test of visual attention. At opening of the eyes a delay is observed between the desynchronisation of the EEG and the increase of the REG.

Regional cerebral blood flow in children. A rheoencephalographic study of the modifications induced by reading.

Cerebral impedance changes (F changes) indicating cerebral blood flow were studied in 17 children aged 6-11 years and in 10 normal adults. At rest, large values were found in children, who never exhibited the 'hyperfrontality' pattern of the adults. Reading induced an F increase in both the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres, in contrast with a larger increase in the dominant hemisphere in adults. A spatial test was designed in adults which triggered a larger increase in the non-dominant hemisphere.

Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary movements of the hand. A rheoencephalography study.

Cerebral impedance changes (F changes) indicating cerebral blood flow variations in the central and precentral areas were measured with a rheographic technique in normal subjects preparing for and carrying out a motor task. The time course of the F changes was studied and several significant correlations were established between the amount of F changes, their distribution and the motor performance. Our findings confirm that frontal and premotor regions play an important part in decision making.

Cerebral blood flow patterns studied by rheoencephalography in schizophrenia.

Cerebral blood flow variation patterns have been studied in 20 control subjects and in 30 schizophrenics. This study demonstrates "hypofrontality" in schizophrenics and their lack of reactivity to strong verbal and somesthetic stimulations.

[Study of the cerebral circulatory resistance by the Döppler effect and rheography (author's transl)]. / Etude de la résistance circulatoire cérébrale par l'effet Döppler et la rhéographie

A correlation is made between the index of circulatory resistance given by ultrasonic flow-measurement and rheography. Patients with normal and increased blood pressure were studied. The characteristics of the transient and of the permanent ischaemic attacks are defined.

Regional cerebral blood flow variations in mental alertness.

The state of mental alertness preceding a motor task is accompanied by an increase in cerebral blood flow. During the first trials, these changes seem to be chiefly related to ascending reticular impulses. Habituation lateralizes and focalizes changes which are probably due to metabolic modifications in selective expectancy. The factor E of Eysenck seems to have some correlation with the individual variations observed.

[Quantitative rheoencephalographu in normal and pathological ageing (author's transl)]. / La rhéoencéphalographie quantitative dans le vieillissement normal et pathologique

A method of quantitative rheoencephalography estimating the rapid cerebral blood flow, defined by the clearance of Xe 133 is applied to normal, hemiplegic and demented subjects. In the normal child the flow is twice that of the elderly. In adults a decrease of 13% is observed in the fifties. The flow is decreased in both hemispheres of the hemiplegics. The cerebral flow is decreased in the two clinical groups of demented patients (vascular and non-vascular); different values of flow are obtained in these two groups.