RESUMEN
Sublingual immunotherapy with monomeric carbamylated allergoid (LAIS) is an effective and well tolerated treatment of respiratory allergy. The aim of the present study was to correlate the efficacy of two maintenance doses (1000 AU vs 3000 AU) of LAIS with the immunological modulation of allergen-driven Th1, Th2 and T regulatory cytokines produced in vitro by PBMCs, in patients suffering from mite allergic rhinitis. Forty-eight consecutive patients with mite allergic rhinitis were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned to group A (n=24) or group B (n=24), respectively receiving 1000 AU or 3000 AU weekly during one-year maintenance phase. Each patient was evaluated for rhinitis severity (ARIA protocol), and for drug consumption at the time of the inclusion and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were also asked to report the perceived severity of the disease and the tolerability of the treatment in a visual analogical scale (VAS). Before and at the end of the treatment allergen-driven release of cytokines by PBMCs in vitro was measured. After 1-year treatment, a statistically significant reduction of all clinical parameters was observed in all patients, associated with reduction of IL-4 and increase of INF-γ secreted in vitro by mite-challenged PBMCs. Notably, the group treated with the higher dose showed significantly better clinical and immunological results. The efficacy of LAIS is correlated to the immune modulation in a clear dose-dependent effect.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Dermatofagoides/administración & dosificación , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/terapia , Administración Sublingual , Adulto , Alergoides , Animales , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/efectos adversos , Células Cultivadas , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Citocinas/metabolismo , Desensibilización Inmunológica/efectos adversos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Pruebas Intradérmicas , Italia , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Estudios Prospectivos , Rinitis Alérgica , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/inmunología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In a double-blind crossover placebo controlled study, the inhibitory effects of three different doses of nedocromil sodium on the immediate bronchoconstrictor response to antigen challenge were compared with a placebo. All the test treatments were inhaled three hours before challenge. Four asthmatic patients took part in the study and the test treatments were taken in a randomized order. All three doses of nedocromil sodium significantly reduced the bronchoconstrictor response and protected the patients against antigen challenge, compared with placebo. The highest dose of 2 mg was the most effective dose. All test doses of nedocromil sodium were safe and well tolerated by the patients.