Expectativas en salud de las personas mayores que acuden a la atención primaria / Health expectations of older people attending primary care

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde la última década se ha evidenciado el aumento de la población de personas mayores en Chile. Muchos de ellos son usuarios regulares del sistema público de salud el cual se caracteriza por entregar una atención de tipo integral. En este sentido, resulta relevante conocer los requerimientos en salud desde la perspectiva de las experiencias de las personas mayores con respecto al uso de este servicio. OBJETIDO: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las expectativas de las personas mayores que asisten a los centros de APS. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, donde la muestra fue de 13 personas mayores de 65 años y más, autovalentes, de tres centros APS, los cuales fueron entrevistados mediante instrumento semiestructurado, con análisis cualitativo de datos método que incluyó codificación abierta y focalizada. RESULTADOS: Las expectativas de las personas mayores fueron categorizadas como requerimiento de una atención profesional integral, oportunidad de atención, accesibilidad de la atención, promoción de salud sobre el autocuidado, explicación de cambios en el envejecimiento con enfoque biológico y alfabetización en salud. CONCLUSIONES: Las expectativas de las personas mayores en este estudio dan cuenta de una atención profesional integral poco efectiva, además de la necesidad de un trato especializado al grupo poblacional específico, no sólo de los profesionales, sino también del personal administrativo de los centros de APS, considerándolos una barrera en la calidad de la atención.

INTRODUCTION: Since the last decade there has been evidence of an increase in the population of older people in Chile. Many of them are regular users of the public health system (PHS) which is characterized by providing comprehensive care. In this sense, it is relevant to know the health requirements from the perspective of the experiences of the older people regarding the use of this health service. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the needs and expectations of older people attending PHS centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It were a qualitative and descriptive study. The sample was compounded by 13 people over 65 years and over, self-sufficient, from three PHS centers. It was used a semi-structured instrument. RESULTS: The main needs of the elderly were categorized as a requirement for comprehensive professional care, the opportunity for care, accessibility of care, health promotion on self-care, explanation of changes in aging with a biological focus and health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: The needs and expectations of the older people in this study account for an ineffective comprehensive professional care, in addition to the need for specialized treatment of the specific population group, not only of professionals but also of the administrative staff of the centers of PHS, considering them a barrier in the quality of care.

Association between dairy product intake and high blood pressure in Chilean adults.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major risk for cardiovascular disease. Several studies have connected dairy consumption with lower blood pressure (BP). However, these have not considered the Latin American population. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between consumption of full-fat or low fat/fat free dairy products and high blood pressure in Chilean adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study containing data from 3,807 adults between 20 and 98 years old from the National Health Survey (NHS) of Chile 2016-2017. Information on lifestyle, food frequency, and socio-demographics was collected using standardized questionnaires. Trained fieldworkers took anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. The frequency of consumption data included seven ad-hoc questions on habitual eating and frequency options, based on the Mediterranean diet (fish products, fruit and vegetable, and dairy products) and its protective effect on cardiovascular diseases. The selection of foods was supported by expert opinion. RESULTS: Of the 3,807 adults, 37% were male and 63% were female. Sex, education level, frequency of dairy products and fish, smoking, and sport or physical activity had a direct relationship with consumption of dairy products (P < 0.05). Consumption of low fat/fat free dairy products was protectively associated with high blood pressure in the unadjusted model (OR: 0.76, CI 95% 0.64-0.91). However, after adjustment for confounding variables (education level modifies the effect 10.2%), this association was attenuated (OR: 0.88; CI 95% 0.71-1.08). CONCLUSION: We found limited evidence that the type of dairy products consumed is associated with high blood pressure in the Chilean population.

Low rates of participation and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care / Participación y adherencia a programas de rehabilitación pulmonar en pacientes con EPOC en Chile

ABSTRACT Background: Only 6% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participate in pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PR) and only 50% of those who participate, complete these programs. Aim: To determine rates of PR program participation and completion among patients with COPD in Chile. Material and Methods: Analysis of a database available at the Ministry of Health, which included data of 277491 patients with COPD (55% females) and their participation in PR programs, between 2014 and 2016. Results: Forty percent of patients were over 75 years of age. Participation rates in PR programs ranged from 2.4 to 2.9%. Rates of completion ranged from 26 to 36%. Conclusions: There is a low rate of participation in PR programs among patients with COPD. Approximately one third of participants complete these programs.

Antecedentes: solo el 6% de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.(EPOC) participa en programas de rehabilitación pulmonar. (RP) y solo el 50% de los que participan, completan estos programas. Objetivo: Determinar los índices de participación y adherencia a programas de RP entre los pacientes con EPOC en Chile. Material y Métodos: Análisis de una base de datos disponible en el Ministerio de Salud, que incluía datos de 277,491 pacientes con EPOC (55% mujeres) y su participación en programas de RP, entre 2014 y 2016. Resultados: el cuarenta por ciento de los pacientes tenían más de 75 años de edad. Tasas de participación en programas de RP osciló entre 2,4 y 2,9%. Las tasas de finalización oscilaron entre el 26 y el 36%. Conclusiones: Existe una baja tasa de participación en programas de RP entre pacientes con EPOC. Aproximadamente un tercio de los participantes completan estos programas.

Low rates of participation and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary health care.

BACKGROUND: Only 6% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) participate in pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PR) and only 50% of those who participate, complete these programs. AIM: To determine rates of PR program participation and completion among patients with COPD in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of a database available at the Ministry of Health, which included data of 277491 patients with COPD (55% females) and their participation in PR programs, between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS: Forty percent of patients were over 75 years of age. Participation rates in PR programs ranged from 2.4 to 2.9%. Rates of completion ranged from 26 to 36%. CONCLUSIONS: There is a low rate of participation in PR programs among patients with COPD. Approximately one third of participants complete these programs.