[Improvement in methodology of occupational risk evaluation].

The authors suggest to supplement a method evaluating individual occupational risk with tree blocks of occupational and non-occupational risk factors: index of sanitary legislation requirements fulfilment according to experts evaluation; lifestyle index with individual biologic and behavioral risk factors consideration; index of social well-being, considering social economic and social psychologic risk factors at workplace.

[IMPACT OF THE CHEMICAL OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASES IN HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS].

There was performed the assessment of the degree of the impact of the chemical occupational factors on the development of allergic diseases in healthcare practitioners of the Sverdlovsk Region. According to results of the certification of 145 workplaces in medical institutions of the Sverdlovsk Region's it was revealed that the health care professionals mostly contact with the chemical substances which were the strong allergens with potent nfavorable impact on the health. In the formation of allergic diseases in healthcare practitioners the leading role is belonged to antibiotics, vitamins and other medicines, as well as formaldehyde; there is less detected sensitization to cotton dust and synthetic detergents.

[ANALYSIS OF THE METHODIC APPROACHES TO THE OCCUPATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION].

This study is devoted to the practice of the application of the current legislative regulatory and procedural base for the occupational health and safety issues. The issues of the occupational risks assessment at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region are discussed Approaches to the creation of the occupational risk management and assessment systems are proposed.

[MANAGEMENT OF THE MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FOR THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF INDUSTRIALIZED CITIES OF THE SVERDLOVSK REGION].

In the Sverdlovsk region for the assessment and management of environment and health of the population over more than 10 years there is used a methodology for the assessment of the multiple environmental risk, allowing to identify priority routes of toxicants entering the body, to evaluate the possible dose-response relationships and elaborate targeted measures for their correction. In the article there is shown how are effective management decisions, elaborated on the base of the results of the assessment of multiple environmental risk to public health in cities of Pervouralsk and Revda of the Sverdlovsk region and directed to the mitigation of the exposure to chemical factors of the environment.

[Emerging issues concerning hygiene in the Russian aluminum industry].

In this study the data of multiyear investigations of occupational and environmental hazards at different enterprises of the Russian aluminum industry are presented. Basing on these data, we have been elaborated the algorithm and methodological approaches on management of the occupational and ecology-related risks using hygienic safety criteria, risk evaluation technique, epidemiological and economic analysis.

[Issues of occupational health in the aluminium plant with superpower equipment].

Purpose of the research is to provide a hygienic assessment of working conditions at aluminum plants equipped with Central working prebaked (CWPB) cells operating at currents of 330 kA. The studies have indicated that the leading occupational exposures, the levels of which exceed the national standards, are: fluorine compound in the air of work area; unfavorable microclimate, constant magnetic field, the severity of the labour. According to the general hygienic assessment, with account of combined influence harmful occupational factors, the working conditions are attributed to 1-2 degrees of the 3 class of harmful working conditions, that conform to the small (moderate) and significant occupational risk.

[Clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the chronic occupational intoxication with fluorine compounds in modern reality].

Multi-year follow-up of 358 workers of aluminum pot rooms, including 165 individuals suffering from fluorosis, has shown significant changes in the clinical picture of the chronic occupational fluorine intoxication, developed under modern conditions of production, at lower concentrations of fluorine compounds in the air of working area. In this connection, the pathology of the musculoskeletal system plays the dominating role in this clinical picture and has the large variability of combinations of the individual sections destructions of the bone tissue. The main criterion to establish the phase of the disease is still the number and severity of the signs of this destruction. The visceral pathology in contemporary production circumstances is registered with less frequency and loses a number of the previously described clinical manifestations, however, is still of some importance to identify the early signs of the disease and to prevent the dental fluorosis on time.

[Regional "occupational medicine" system--effective model of occupational risks evaluation and management].

Sverdlovsk regional government specified and approved a concept of diversified system "Occupational medicine" to preserve and improve health of workers in Sverdlovsk region. Implementation of the concept enables to put new organizational approaches into practice for improved management of available medical care for all workers, for increased quality of this care, for better clinical work and better health of economically active population in Sverdlovsk region.

[Management of a risk to human health in technological and hygiene reequipment of industrial enterprises].

By using as an example the Urals aluminum plants UAZ-SUAL and BAZ-SUAL that are under reconstruction at different levels, the authors have developed the basic elements of a risk management methodology, which ensure the creation of living conditions that are safe to the population's health. They give a comprehensive hygienic and economic assessment of the choice of effective development strategy of an enterprise and show the ways and possibility of solving the problems associated with the sanitary-and-epidemiological situation of strain.

[The results of studies of the effect of asbestos on the health of working people and the population, conducted by the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center].

The paper presents the basic results of 75-year studies of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center to evaluate the effect of asbestos on the health status of working people and the population, which have yielded basic hygienic, sanitary, clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data on the effect of asbestos on the health status of working people and the population and led to the conclusion that the center's experience in studying the problems may serve as the real basis for substantiating the safe permissible controlled use of chrysotile asbestos.

["Industrial Hygiene" system as a basis of medical service for workers in Sverdlovsk region]. / Sistema "Meditsina truda" kak osnova meditsinskogo obsluzhivaniia rabotaiushchikh Sverdlovskoi oblasti.

The authors suggest a concept of multifield specialized "Industrial Hygiene" service based on integrated system of medical and social care, that includes monitoring of work conditions, evaluation of occupational risk and its management for prevention of and lowering general and occupational morbidity, transitory disablement morbidity, disability and premature deaths, for preservation of labour force in Sverdlovsk region.

[Providing safe environment for health of population living near aluminium industry enterprises]. / Obespechenie bezopasnosti okruzhaiushchei sredy dlia zdorov'ia naseleniia v raionakh predpriiatii aliuminievoi promyshlennosti.

Based on studies of environmental objects and of children's health, the authors justified systematic approach to hygienic evaluation of aluminium plant reconstruction stages, for rational management in minimizing risk of environmental pollution and for health preservation.

[Contemporary problems of asbestos and prospective research directions]. / Sovremennye problemy asbesta i perspektivnye napravleniia issledovanii.

The authors determined prospective directions in researchon asbestos problem--risk evaluation, early diagnosis and physiotherapy of asbestos-related diseases; sanitary and epidemiologic well-being of population influenced by enterprises extracting and concentration of asbestos; evaluation of new production and development of legal regulation of safety for work with natural and artificial mineral fibers.

[Dynamic morbidity of children as a evaluation criterion for renovation of aluminum manufacturing industries]. / Dinamika zabolevaemosti detskogo naseleniia kak kriterii neobkhodimosti rekonstruktsii aliuminievykh zavodov.

Negative pollution effects from atmospheric discharges by aluminium facilities exerted on population health can be traced by the parameters of the reproductive function in women, physical development of newborns, general and differential morbidity of children aged below one year as well as by anthropometric signs in birth, morbidity of children and adults, mortality, including due to oncology. The introduction of modern technologies including the preliminarily fire anode treatment and the use of highly effective methods of purification of industrial wastes cut the concentration (in atmospheric air) of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and of solid fluorides as well as of aluminium to maximum permissible concentration; it also essentially reduced the content of benzapilene. A better atmospheric air observed yet in the course of renovation contributed to a lower morbidity of children, aged below one year, as well as to the prevalence of diseases affecting the eyes, respiratory and digestive organs, skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue; it also cuts the number of congenital anomalies versus the data obtained in a neighboring district.

[Perinatal disorders of the central nervous system in children under ecologically unfavorable conditions]. / Perinatal'nye porazheniia tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy u detei v usloviiakh ékologicheskogo neblagopoluchiia.

Regular medical and biologic etiologic risk factors of perinatal disorders of central nervous system in children give much less contribution into neurologic diseases development, than they give under ecologically unfavorable conditions when those factors induce most disorders.

[Asbestos: contemporary problems of industrial medicine and ecology]. / Asbest -- sovremennye problemy meditsiny truda i ékologii.

The article covers main steps of research work conducted by Ekaterinbourg Medical Research Center and determines contemporary problems of asbestos. The authors list priority directions of ecologic and hygienic research on the "Asbestos and Health" problem.

[Children's health and environmental air pollution with dust containing asbestos]. / Zagriaznenie atmosfernogo vozdukha asbestosoderzhashchei pyl'iu i zdorov'e detskogo naseleniia.

According to most parameters, children's health in area containing asbestos production is considered as typical one for industrial environment. Dust containing asbestos induces higher incidence of respiratory diseases and immune changes. Frequent respiratory diseases are characteristic for junior age groups of children.