Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Radiofármacos , Trombosis/diagnóstico , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma/secundario , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cardíacas/secundario , Humanos , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Differentiating neuropsychiatric Lyme disease from a primary psychiatric disorder can be a daunting task. This article describes how functional brain imaging and neuropsychological testing can be particularly valuable in helping to make diagnostic distinctions. In addition to a review of the relevance of functional imaging to neuropsychiatry in general, recent findings are presented regarding the use of single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) imaging in Lyme disease.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedad de Lyme/patología , Enfermedad de Lyme/psicología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Humanos , Enfermedad de Lyme/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Enfermedad de Lyme/diagnóstico por imagen , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most widely used treatment for renal calculi. Newer second generation lithotripters are being produced, which are considered to be less painful than their prototypes. Thus, the trend in anesthesia for ESWL is away from general endotracheal and regional anesthesia and toward less involved and more easily monitored techniques such as intravenous analgesia (IVA). This report relates our experience with a continuous alfentanil infusion for ESWL treatment of renal calculi with a nonimmersion second generation Dornier HM-4 lithotripter model. Thirty-five patients treated pre-operatively with droperidol and midazolam, followed by a continuous infusion of alfentanil, reported excellent pain relief via a numerical pain score and manifested little, if any, hypertension or tachycardia. Stone fragmentation, fluoroscopy, and recovery time did not differ between patients receiving IVA or general anesthesia. Potential disadvantages of IVA include elevation of transcutaneous CO 2, bradycardia in 14 patients requiring the use of atropine, slightly longer ESWL time, increased number of shocks needed for fragmentation, and a small failure rate, with 11% of patients requiring general anesthesia. With proper patient selection and respiratory monitoring, IVA is highly recommended for ESWL in the treatment of renal calculi.
Asunto(s)
Alfentanilo/administración & dosificación , Cálculos Renales/terapia , Litotricia , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anestesia General , Anestesia Intravenosa , Femenino , Humanos , Litotricia/instrumentación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del DolorRESUMEN
The progression of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage, determined by 31P NMR spectroscopy, was compared with selected serum enzyme and histological changes in rats. ATP levels declined as early as 8 h post-CCl4 administration, with partial recovery observed at 168 h. The results show that ATP reduction correlates with necrosis. In addition, early decline in ATP occurring prior to significant hepatocellular necrosis indicates abnormal energy metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfato/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Argininosuccinatoliasa/sangre , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Tetracloruro de Carbono/toxicidad , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The effect of substance P (SP) and other tachykinins on respiratory glycoconjugate (RGC) release was studied in a feline tracheal organ culture system. SP in concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-6) M stimulated an increase in RGC release of 35 +/- 8% and 18.5 +/- 5%, respectively. The addition of the protease inhibitor aprotinin or the enkephalinase inhibitor thiorphan to the cultures had no effect on the baseline secretion of RGC but markedly potentiated the activity of SP. SP in the presence of aprotinin or thiorphan was active at 10(-8) -10(-9) M concentrations and was more potent at each concentration studied (in the presence of peptidase inhibitors). Among other tachykinins studied, only physalaemin in the presence of aprotinin had a clear stimulatory effect on RGC release at 10(-6) M concentration (26% +/- 5% increase above control, n = 4, p less than 0.02); kassinin, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B had little or no effect on RGC secretion in concentrations of 10(-6) M or less. Autoradiographic studies of [125I]SP binding revealed SP receptor expression in the submucosal glands of the feline trachea. [125I]SP binding was inhibited in the presence of excess unlabeled SP. We conclude that SP receptors are present in the feline tracheal submucosal glands and that binding to SP receptors results in RGC secretion.
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Glicoconjugados/metabolismo , Receptores de Neurotransmisores/fisiología , Tráquea/metabolismo , Animales , Autorradiografía , Gatos , Técnicas de Cultivo , Membrana Mucosa/metabolismo , Concentración Osmolar , Receptores de Neuroquinina-1 , Receptores de Neurotransmisores/metabolismo , Sustancia P/farmacología , Taquicininas/farmacología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The interaction of substance P (SP) with specific receptors in intact lung tissue was autoradiographically visualized, using slide-mounted tissue sections of rat lung tissue. SP receptors are highly concentrated in the central airways and are not detectable in peripheral bronchi, vessels, and alveoli. Within central airways, receptor distribution is most concentrated in the epithelium and small vessels in the lamina propria. Smooth muscle in airway or blood vessel walls expressed no detectable SP receptors. Immunohistochemical staining for SP revealed SP-containing nerves in the same areas where the receptors are localized. Displacement curves of SP bound to rat lung indicated that the C-terminal fragment was much more effective than the N-terminal fragment at competing for SP binding. Injection of 0.3 to 30 nmol/kg SP dramatically increased vascular permeability in the trachea and to a lesser extent in the hilus. Peripheral lung failed to respond to SP with increased vascular permeability unless toxic concentrations of SP were employed. SP increased the transudation of protein into the trachea within 5 min of injection, and the extravasated protein persisted through at least 2 h. Both SP and SP(3-11) were capable of stimulating increased vascular permeability, but SP(1-4) was inactive. SP caused mast cell degranulation as reflected in increased plasma histamine levels after SP or SP(3-11) injection, but SP(1-4) had no effect. In order to determine if histamine release caused by SP contributed to the vascular permeability response, the effects of H1 and H2 antihistamine treatment were studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Permeabilidad Capilar , Pulmón/metabolismo , Circulación Pulmonar , Receptores de Neurotransmisores/metabolismo , Sustancia P/fisiología , Animales , Autorradiografía/métodos , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica/métodos , Pulmón/inervación , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Receptores de Neuroquinina-1 , Sustancia P/metabolismoRESUMEN
Bombesin found in neuroepithelial bodies and oat cell carcinoma of the lung, is thought to play an important role in normally developing and malignant lung. Monocytes-macrophages and human small cell lung carcinoma cells share several features, including macrophage-specific surface markers and the expression of functional receptors for bombesin-like neuropeptides and growth factors. Because small cell lung carcinoma cells synthesize immunoreactive bombesin, we investigated the possibility that alveolar macrophages also contain bombesin, a plausible hypothesis considering the many reports of neuropeptide production by immune cells and cells of bone marrow origin. Adherent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as human and guinea pig alveolar macrophages were found to contain bombesin. The peptide was detected by radioimmunoassay, immunohistochemistry, high-pressure liquid chromatography with the use of different monospecific antibodies.