Second vs. First generation drug eluting stents in multiple vessel disease and left main stenosis: Two-year follow-up of the observational, prospective, controlled, and multicenter ERACI IV registry.

OBJECTIVE: To compare second generation drug eluting stents (2DES) with first generation (1DES) for the treatment of patients (pts) with multiple coronary vessel disease (MVD). BACKGROUND: Although 2DES improved safety and efficacy compared to 1DES, MVD remains a challenge for percutaneous coronary interventions. METHODS: ERACI IV was a prospective, observational, and controlled study in pts with MVD including left main and treated with 2DES (Firebird 2, Microport). We included 225 pts in 15 sites from Argentina. Primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACCE) defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and unplanned revascularization; and to compare with 225 pts from ERACI III study (1DES). PCI strategy was planned to treat lesions ≥70% in vessels ≥ 2.00 mm, introducing a modified Syntax score (SS) where severe lesions in vessels < 2.0 mm and intermediate lesions were not scored. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics showed that compared to ERACI III, ERACI IV pts had higher number of diabetics (P = 0.02), previous revascularization (P = 0.007), unstable angina IIb/IIIc (P < 0.001) and three vessels/left main disease (P = 0.003). Modified SS was 22.2 ± 11. At 2 years of follow-up ERACI IV group had significantly lower incidence of death+ MI + CVA, (P = 0.01) and MACCE (P = 0.001). MACCE rate was similar in diabetics, (5.8%) and nondiabetics (7.0%). After performing a matched propensity score, MACCE remain significantly lower in ERACI IV (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This registry showed that 2DES in MVD has a remarkable low incidence of MACCE in unadjusted and adjusted analysis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Exploración de las arterias coronarias de pacientes con síndrome de Tako-Tsubo con tomografía multislice: lesiones e inferencias fisiopatológicas / Assessment of Coronary Arteries of Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome using Multislice Computed Tomography: Lesions and Pathophysiological Inferences

Existen numerosos casos comunicados sobre la disfunción ventricular izquierda reversible precipitada por estrés emocional, pero su mecanismo no se conoce. En esta presentación se describe la evaluación de dos pacientes que consultaron con un cuadro clínico típico de síndrome de Tako-Tsubo, dolor precordial luego de un estrés emocional, disfunción ventricular izquierda transitoria y arterias coronarias angiográficamente normales. Con el objetivo de profundizar el conocimiento de las arterias coronarias y la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad, a ambas se les realizó una tomografía multislice, en la que se evidenciaron lesiones coronarias similares a las halladas en accidentes de placa responsables de síndromes coronarios agudos. Si bien estos hallazgos deben completarse con estudios posteriores con un número mayor de pacientes, sugieren que al menos un subgrupo de pacientes con síndrome de Tako-Tsubo tiene un sustrato fisiopatológico similar a los síndromes coronarios agudos.

The presence of reversible left ventricular dysfunction induced by emotional stress has been extensively reported; however, its mechanism still remains unknown. We describe two patients with the typical clinical picture of Takotsubo syndrome: chest pain following mental stress, transient left ventricular dysfunction and coronary arteriography with normal coronary arteries. Both patients underwent multislice computed tomography scans in order to explore the coronary arteries and to examine the physiopathology of the disease. The studies revealed the presence of coronary lesions similar to ruptured plaques found in acute coronary syndromes. Although these findings should be completed with subsequent studies in a greater number of patients, they suggest that the physiopathological substrate of at least one subgroup of patients with Takotsubo syndrome is similar to acute coronary syndrome.

Introducción a las complicaciones graves de la quimioterapia que debe enfrentar un cardiólogo / Severe cardiac complications of chemotherapy: a review

La aplicación de diferentes esquemas farmacológicos para el tratamiento oncológico ha tenido en los últimos años un gran crecimiento, en muchos casos con efectos curativos o clara mejoría de la sobrevida y la calidad de vida. Algunos esquemas incluyen drogas que puedenprovocar efectos cardiotóxicos graves, lo que motiva la consulta a los cardiólogos que en la mayor parte de los casos no hemos tenido entrenamiento en esta complicación. En esta revisión se resumen mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos de diferentes drogas de usofrecuente en patología oncológica y se exponen casos clínicos con reacciones adversas graves, con dificultades en la toma de decisiones. Finalmente, se discuten los aspectos para tener en cuenta para la prevención, el control y el tratamiento de la cardiotoxicidad por agentes quimioterapéuticos.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of various pharmacological protocols for the treatment of oncological disorders, often with curative effects or a clear improvement in survival and quality of life. Some schemes include drugs that may cause severe cardiotoxic effects. Such effects prompt patients to consult the cardiologist, who generally has no previous experience in dealing with these complications. Hence, in this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of various drugs that are frequently used in neoplastic diseases, and we also present clinical cases with serious adverse reactions, which complicate the decision-making process. Finally, we discuss several issues that need to be considered for the prevention, control and treatment of cardiotoxicity due to chemotherapeutic agents.

Introducción a las complicaciones graves de la quimioterapia que debe enfrentar un cardiólogo / Severe cardiac complications of chemotherapy: a review

La aplicación de diferentes esquemas farmacológicos para el tratamiento oncológico ha tenido en los últimos años un gran crecimiento, en muchos casos con efectos curativos o clara mejoría de la sobrevida y la calidad de vida. Algunos esquemas incluyen drogas que puedenprovocar efectos cardiotóxicos graves, lo que motiva la consulta a los cardiólogos que en la mayor parte de los casos no hemos tenido entrenamiento en esta complicación. En esta revisión se resumen mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos de diferentes drogas de usofrecuente en patología oncológica y se exponen casos clínicos con reacciones adversas graves, con dificultades en la toma de decisiones. Finalmente, se discuten los aspectos para tener en cuenta para la prevención, el control y el tratamiento de la cardiotoxicidad por agentes quimioterapéuticos.(AU)

In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of various pharmacological protocols for the treatment of oncological disorders, often with curative effects or a clear improvement in survival and quality of life. Some schemes include drugs that may cause severe cardiotoxic effects. Such effects prompt patients to consult the cardiologist, who generally has no previous experience in dealing with these complications. Hence, in this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action and adverse effects of various drugs that are frequently used in neoplastic diseases, and we also present clinical cases with serious adverse reactions, which complicate the decision-making process. Finally, we discuss several issues that need to be considered for the prevention, control and treatment of cardiotoxicity due to chemotherapeutic agents.(AU)

Oral rapamycin after coronary bare-metal stent implantation to prevent restenosis: the Prospective, Randomized Oral Rapamycin in Argentina (ORAR II) Study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of oral rapamycin in decreased restenosis after bare metal stent implantation. BACKGROUND: Small observational studies suggest that the administration of oral rapamycin reduces angiographic restenosis after bare metal stent implantation. METHODS: Between September 2003 and September 2004, 100 patients were randomized to either oral rapamycin (6-mg loading dose given 2.7 h before intervention followed by 3 mg/day for 14 days) plus diltiazem 180 mg/day or no therapy after the implantation of a coronary bare metal stent design. The primary study end point was incidence of angiographic binary restenosis and late loss at nine months. The secondary end points were target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year. RESULTS: Angiographic follow-up was completed in 87% of patients. In the rapamycin group, the drug was well tolerated (26% minor side effects) and was maintained in 96% of patients. At 9 months, the in-segment binary restenosis was reduced by 72% (11.6% rapamycin vs. 42.8% no-therapy group, p = 0.001) and the in-stent binary restenosis was reduced by 65% (12% rapamycin vs. 34.6% no-therapy group, p = 0.009). The in-segment late loss was also significantly reduced with oral therapy (0.66 vs. 1.13 mm, respectively; 43% reduction, p < 0.001). At 1 year, patients in the oral rapamycin group also showed a significantly lower incidence of target vessel revascularization (8.3% vs. 38%, respectively, p < 0.001), target lesion revascularization (7.6% vs. 37.2%, respectively, p < 0.001), and major adverse cardiovascular events (20% vs. 44%, respectively, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, controlled, and unblinded study showed that the administration of oral rapamycin during 14 days after stent implantation significantly reduces angiographic and clinical parameters of restenosis.

Angina inestable: variables predictoras de complicaciones mayores en la angioplastia transluminal coronaria en la era del stent / Unstable angina: predictor variables of mayor complications in the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the stent era

Se analizaron 602 pacientes con angina inestable tratados con angioplastia coronaria e incluídos en el Registro de Angioplastia en la Angina Inestable. Se relacionaron variables clínicas y angiográficas previas a la angioplastia con la aparición de complicaciones mayores intrahospitalarias (muerte, infarto de miocardio tipo Q, cirugía de revascularización de urgencia). La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 61,3 años, 78 por ciento eran hombres y el 70,3 por ciento del total recibió un stent. Se registraron 14 (2,34 por ciento) complicaciones mayores (IAM 1,17 por ciento, muerte 0,5 por ciento y cirugía 1,17 por ciento). En el análisis multivariado, las variables relacionadas en forma significativa con las complicaciones mayores fueron la angina refractaria, el sexo femenino y las lesiones complejas

Angina inestable: variables predictoras de complicaciones mayores en la angioplastia transluminal coronaria en la era del stent / Unstable angina: predictor variables of mayor complications in the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the stent era

Se analizaron 602 pacientes con angina inestable tratados con angioplastia coronaria e incluídos en el Registro de Angioplastia en la Angina Inestable. Se relacionaron variables clínicas y angiográficas previas a la angioplastia con la aparición de complicaciones mayores intrahospitalarias (muerte, infarto de miocardio tipo Q, cirugía de revascularización de urgencia). La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 61,3 años, 78 por ciento eran hombres y el 70,3 por ciento del total recibió un stent. Se registraron 14 (2,34 por ciento) complicaciones mayores (IAM 1,17 por ciento, muerte 0,5 por ciento y cirugía 1,17 por ciento). En el análisis multivariado, las variables relacionadas en forma significativa con las complicaciones mayores fueron la angina refractaria, el sexo femenino y las lesiones complejas (AU)