[The effect of zootoxins on the formation of delayed hypersensitivity]. / Vliianie nekotorykh zootoksinov na formirovanie giperchuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa.

The effect of bee venom (0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) and the venom of Vipera lebetina (0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) on the reaction of delayed hypersensitivity was studied in experiments on CBA mice. The character and trend of the effect was determined by the zootoxin species. The venom of Vipera lebetina completely suppressed the cell immune reaction in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and produced an adjuvant effect in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg. Bee venom (0.5 mg/kg) failed to cause a suppressive effect and in a small dose (0.05 mg/kg) stimulated cellular immunity. The adjuvant properties of the venoms were comparable with the effect of Evans' blue dye.

[Induction of macrophage migration inhibition factor-producing cells in vitro]. / Obrazovanie produtsentov faktora tormozheniia migratsii makrofagov in vitro.

The in vitro induction of effector cells mediating delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses was demonstrated during joint cultivation of plastic non-adherent spleen cells of intact CBA mice and adherent spleen cells pretreated with MBSA or OVA. The activity of these effector cells was studied by testing their ability to produce MIF after stimulation by a specific antigen. The formation of MIF-producing cells was observed with the use of low antigen doses (about 50 micrograms/ml). High OVA doses (250 micrograms/ml) were found to suppress the development of MIF-producing cells. MIF-producing cells obtained after either in vitro or in vivo exposure to identical antigens did not differ in their activity.

[Evans blue as an adjuvant for enhancing delayed hypersensitivity in an experiment]. / Evans sinii kak ad''iuvant dlia polucheniia povyshennoi chuvstvitel'nosti zamedlennogo tipa v éksperimente.

A modified method has been elaborated for induction of delayed type hypersensitivity (DH) in CBA mice with the use of Evans blue (EB) as adjuvant. This model permitted studying the mechanism of DH development, establishing the dependence of DH on the dose of EB, the dose and type of protein antigen, and realizing passive transfer of DH with the aid of splenocytes from active-synthesized mice. EB is a convenient and effective adjuvant for induction and study of the mechanism of DH development.

[Immunobiologic study of the role of heterogenetic antigens of uropathogenic strains of E. coli]. / Immunobiologicheskoe izuchenie roli geterogennykh antigenov uropatogennykh shtammov E. coli.

Analysis of 140 strains of E. coli isolated from patients with pyelonephritis has demonstrated heterogeneous antigens (in 44.3% of cases) related to ABO antigens against human red blood cells. 0(H)-like antigen occurred most frequently. The data obtained suggest that the presence of heterogeneous antigens in E. coli is associated with the formation of a latent subclinical form of pyelonephritis and with the decrease titers of antibacterial antibodies in patients.

[Content of T- and B-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with polar types of leprosy]. / Soderzhanie T- i B-limfotsitov krovi u bol'nykh poliarnymi tipami lepry.

The content of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with polar types of leprosy and healthy adults was determined. The lepromatous (severe) form of leprosy was found to be accompanied by a sharp decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes, while the percentage of B lymphocytes perceptibly increased. In patients with the tuberculoid type of leprosy only an insignificant decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes was observed, while the level of B lymphocytes remained normal. These data indicate that in the severe form of leprosy cellular immunity is deeply suppressed, and the nonspecific stimulation of humoral immunity occurs.

[Effect of extracts of different origin on primary cultures of cells from inbred mice]. / Deistvie ekstraktov razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia na pervichnye kul'tury kletok inbrednykh myshei.

The effect of allogeneic and syngeneic extracts from inbred male and female mouse spleens on the primary culture of fibroblasts obtained from subcutaneous connective tissue of CBA and C57BL/6j female mouse fetus was studied. Cytotoxic and growth-inhibiting effect on the cultures increased successively in using extracts from the tissues of syngeneic male mice, allogeneic female and male mice. Consequently, an increase in the degree of antigenic differences of the target=cells and extracts led to enhancement of the allogeneic inhibition phenomenon. For the first time it was shown that in the syngeneic system the extracts from male mouse tissues (containing weak H-Y antigen) exerted a cytotoxic action on the inbred female mouse cells, i.e. caused reaction similar to allogeneic inhibition.

[Cytopathogenic effect of E. coli cells containing heterogeneous human O(H) type antigen on human cells in culture]. / O tsitopatogennom deistvii kletok E. coli, soderzhashchikh geterogennyi antigen cheloveka tipa O(H), na kletki cheloveka v kul'ture.

Interaction of two enteropathogenic strains E. coli O55-K59 and human Hela cells containing O(H) isoantigen was studied. When E. coli strain No. 5789 containing heterologic antigen O(H) was added to HeLa cell culture the cytopathogenic effect with the microbial doses of 2 X 10(10), 2 X 10(5), 2X 10(4) was revealed on the third day of the interaction. A dose of 2 X 10(3) of E. coli microbes gave no such effect. Strain No. 3827 containing no heterologic antigen of ABO type failed to exert any cytopathogenic effect with maximal, mean, and minimal doses of the microbes. It is assumed that the cytopathogenic effect of strain No. 5789 is connected with the presence of the strain antigen identical to the group antigen of the human cell culture under study.

[Study of the action of phytohemagglutinin on continuous human cells]. / Izuchenie deistviia fitogemaggliutinina na perevivaemye kletki chelveka

A study was made of the agglutinating and growth-stimulating properties of phitohemaagglutinin (PHA) preparations in experiments on continuous human cells (clone line HeLa k-41 and CaVe). PHA and PHA gamma-globulin fraction possessed poor hemagglutination properties against human erythrocytes of A, B and O groups, but expressed marked cytoagglutination properties against HeLa k-41 and CaVe cells. With high PHA doses (100 and 500 microng/ml) proliferation and mitotic indx of the culture cells was lower and the percentage of dead cells and the agglutinin titre in the preparations was greater (1 : 256). With lower PHA doses (5 and 25 microng/ml) the growth was much stronger and the percentage of dead cells lower. The agglutinin titre in the preparations decreased to 1 : 16-1 : 32. PHA gamma-globulin fraction produced the strongest growth-stimulating action with the least amount of dead cells. However, the agglutinin titre in the preparations remained high (1 : 128). A conclusion was drawn that the action of PHA preparations stimulating and inhibiting the growth of continuous human cells proved to be directly connected with the agglutinin content in the preparations, since gamma-globulin PHA fraction expressed the greatest cytoagglutinating and growth-stimulating action.

[Cytopathogenic action of E. coli strains, containing corresponding ABO type heterogeneous antigens, on transplantable human cells]. / Tsitopatogennoe deistvie shtammov E. coli, soderzhashchikh skhodnye geterogennye antigeny tipa ABO, na perevivaemye kletki cheloveka

A study was made (in vitro) of the interaction of various strains of E. coli, serological type O26 with continuous human cells (HeLa, Tg-33 and RH). Phenomenon of the cytopathogenic action of uropathogenic E. coli strains, containing heterogenous antigens, type O(H) and B, on the human cell strains possessing corresponding isoantigens was revealed on the 6th hour of the interaction. The number of dead cells in these cultures exceeded (1.5--3 times) their count cultures to which E. coli containing no heterogenous antigens or containing different human heterogenous antigens of the ABO type were added. It is supposed that this phenomenon played an important role in the development of chronic forms of colibacterial pyelonephritis.