[The effect of Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock exotoxin on whole blood cell chemiluminescence in vitro and in vivo]. / Vliianie ékzotoksina toksicheskogo shoka Staphylococcus aureus na khemiliuminestsentsiiu klekok tsel'noi krovi in vitro i in vivo.

Stimulated and nonstimulated blood chemiluminescence were studied in presence of the toxic shock syndrome toxin I (TSST-I) in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments involved evaluation of rabbit whole blood chemiluminescence developed within various periods after the TSST-I intraperitoneal administration. Effect of various TSST-I concentrations on blood chemiluminescence was studied in vitro. TSST-I was shown to inhibit the nonstimulated chemiluminescence in blood within 45 min after administration of LD50 of both opsonized zymosan and calcium ionophore A 23187 in vivo. Similar effects the toxin exhibited at concentrations 20 microM and more in vitro. The maximum effect TSST-I demonstrated within the first 5 min of incubation and this effect was distinctly dose-dependent.

[Induction of Ca2+-dependent chemiluminescent response of peritoneal macrophages with bacterial lipopolysaccharides]. / Induktsiia Ca2+-zavisimogo khemiliuminestsentnogo otveta peritoneal'nykh makrofagov bakterial'nym lipopolisacharidom.

A lipopolysaccharide preparation obtained from Klebsiella pneumonia was shown to affect primarily the peritoneal macrophages after intraperitoneal administration. Transition of the macrophages to a new metabolic state in response to opsonized zymosan was responsible for a distinct increase in the rate of luminol-dependent chemoluminescence. At the same time, the macrophages produced chemiluminescence was only slightly increased in the presence of Ca2+ ionophore A23187. These dissimilar alterations observed suggest that the primary reaction of macrophages in response to the lipopolysaccharide occurred with the increase in content of intracellular free calcium. Administration of finoptin (calcium influx inhibitor) into suspension of macrophages caused a decrease in the rate of chemiluminescence response.

[An increase in brain temperature in rats to the intranasal administration of thyroliberin]. / Povyshenie temperatury mozga krys pri intranazal'nom vvedenii tiroliberina.

The integral rat brain temperature was measured by radiothermoscope after intranasal instillation of thyroliberin in a dose 400 mkg. The recording increase of temperature lasted during two hours after instillation. This phenomenon is based both on the direct action of thyroliberin and on its capacity to stimulate the induction of other regulatory peptides.

[Measurement of the temperature of deep-seated tissues in healthy men during hypokinesia]. / Issledovanie glubinnykh temperatur tkanei zdorovogo cheloveka v usloviiakh gipokinezii.

During a head-down tilt (-5 degrees) study, in which 10 healthy male subjects took part, their body temperature variations were investigated. Skin temperature was measured using and electrothermometer with a point sensor-thermistor and core temperature was measured using a radiothermometer at the wavelength 20 cm. The study showed that the distribution profile of core temperature was close to that of skin temperature: the lowest temperatures were characteristic of the limbs and the highest of the chest, stomach and head. During head-down tilt variations in core temperatures were different from those of skin temperature. As a result, the temperature gradient between the skin and core layers increased by bed-rest day 50. In the subjects who regularly exercised during bed rest the gradient grew because their skin temperature fell while in the subjects who did not exercise the gradient increased due to both factors, i.e. skin temperature decrease and core temperature increase.

[A diagnostic method in acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women]. / Sposob diagnostiki ostrogo pielonefrita u beremennykh.

A radiothermometer has made it possible to take deep temperature directly from the kidney. Comparison of temperatures, obtained from normal nonpregnant women, normal pregnant women and pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis has demonstrated a significant drop in renal temperature during pregnancy. In acute pyelonephritis, renal temperature drops still further, with the temperature difference between the affected kidney and the contralateral one ranging from 0.5 degrees to 1.5 degrees. Deep temperature measurements of each kidney are taken from several sites, selected at ultrasonic scanning, which makes it possible to calculate temperature variance for the kidney. Variance increases significantly (more than two-fold) in the inflamed kidney, as compared to the intact one. Therefore, the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis can be made where deep temperature difference is between 0.5 degrees and 1.5 degrees and temperature variance is increased twofold or more in one kidney, as compared to the other, in a pregnant patient. The side of affection is also determined in this way. The proposed diagnostic method is perfectly safe for the mother and the fetus, and can be used for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy, along with other procedures.

[SHF-thermography in allergic diseases]. / SVCh-termografiia pri allergicheskikh zabolevaniiakh.

The results of combined clinical allergologic study and SHF thermography in patients with pollenosis, chronic asthmatic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, continuous and seasonal allergic rhinitis and normal controls are reported. Patients with pulmonary disorders showed a reduction by 1 degree C in mean deep temperature around the lungs, and a sevenfold increase in deep temperature dispersion, as compared to the controls. Patients with pollenosis showed a reduction of deep temperatures by 1.5-2 degrees C in the gastric area and the ascending intestinal portion. In patients with allergic rhinitis, the temperature differences between the tip of the nose and maxillary sinuses, typical for normal subjects, become insignificant. Possible mechanisms of the demonstrated temperature abnormalities are discussed. The data obtained are compared to those obtained by means of IR thermography in the same categories of patients.

[Lipid peroxide metabolism in chemical carcinogenesis]. / Metabolizm perekisei lipidov pri khimicheskom kantserogeneze.

Lecithin and kephalin content in the microsomes and mitochondria of the rat liver, and also the activity of enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems of the phospholipid peroxidation showed a sharp change following 3,4-benzpyrene injection. Carcinogenesis is accompanied by significant changes in the lipid peroxides content and in the activity of the enzyme utilizing lipoperoxides (glutathion peroxidase, glutathion reductase). Accumulation of lipid peroxides in the rat liver in carcinogenesis was connected with disturbed balance of the generating systems and detoxication of lipid peroxides in the tumour is attributed to the high activity of the protective enzymatic systems and serves as a reflection of the adaptation mechanisms directed to the maintenance of a high pool of proliferating cells in the tumour.

[Changes in peroxidation under conditions of 3,4-benzypyrene-induced carcinogenesis]. / Izmeneniia Perekisnogo obmena pri kantserogeneze, indutsiruemom 3,4-benzpirenom.

The activities of enzymatic systems generating and destroying peroxides and the lipid peroxide content in neoplastic rat liver and 3,4-benzpyrene-induced sarcoma were studied. The tumour was characterized by high activity of glutathione peroxidase and low activity of catalase. No urate- and glycolate oxidases or ascorbat dependent peroxidation of lipids and lipid peroxides were found in the tumour. In the liver of neoplastic animals the activities of glutathione peroxidase and NADPH-dependent system of microsomal phospholipid peroxidation and the lipd peroxides content were increased, whereas the activities of catalase and urate oxidase were decreased.

[Changes in phospholipid composition in rat liver microsomes and mitochondria under chemical carcinogenesis]. / Izmenenie sostava fosfolipidov v mikrosomakh i mitokhondriiakh pecheni krys pri khimicheskom kantserogeneze.

Considerable change in phospholipid composition of microsomal and mitochondrial rat liver membranes under 3,4-benzpyrene-induced cancerogenesis is observed. The content of main phospholipid fractions (phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines) in rat liver microsomes increases at precancer stage and decreases during the tumour growth. On the contrary, the content of these phospholipids in mitochondrias decreases at precancer stage and increases at the period of vigerous tumour growth. The content of phosphatidylserines in rat liver microsomes sharply increases during the tumour growth, while in mitochondrias in decreases to an extremely low concentration beginning from early cancerogenesis stages. Lysophosphatides content in rat liver microsomes considerably increases under cancerogenesis. The noticeable amount of characteristic microsomal phospholipids, sphingomyelins, appears in rat liver mitochondrias under the growth of induced tumours. The peroxides of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines appear in rat liver mitochondrias at later cancerogenesis stages, as compared with microsomes.

[Change in the concentration of total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes during chemical carcinogenesis]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia obshchikh lipidov, fosfolipidov i neitral'nykh lipidov v mikrosomekh i mitokhondriiakh pecheni krys pri khimicheskom kantserogeneze

Sharp increase in the content of total lipids and, especially, neutral lipids, and considerable decrease in the content of phospholipids were observed in liver microsomes and mitochondrias from liver of tumour-bearing rats in the process of the growth of sarcoma, induced by a single injection of 3,4-benzpyrene. The injection of anthracene, a non-cancerogenous hydrocarbon, practically did not affect the lipid composition of rat liver subcellular particles. Thus, the disturbances in normal functioning of subcellular particles under cancerogenesis are due to considerable change in the chemical composition of biomembranes. The data obtained confirm our hypothesis on lipid mobilization under tumour growth.

[Hypothermia during general anesthesia and methods of its prevention]. / Navedennaia gipotermiia vo vremia obshchei anestezii i sopsoby ee profilaktiki

In the article great attention is paid to prophylaxis of hypothermal disturbances in heat exchange during the process of general anesthesia, it comprises the use of complex methods of protection against hypothermia. It is the authors' opinion that the state of thermal balance should be followed as carefully during general anesthesia as hemostatic indices, since normothermia improved considerably the clinical course of narcosis and postoperative period, as well.