Preventive behavior against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults according to whether or not they live with children. A combined analysis of the nationwide COSMO-SPAIN and ENE-COVID surveys.

Introduction: The protection of children is a major driver of behavior among those in charge of their care. We evaluated whether compliance with preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults living with children was different from that of those not living with them, in 2020. Methods: We used the COSMO-SPAIN (N = 867) and the nationally representative ENE-COVID (N = 29,926) surveys to estimate prevalence of compliance (95% confidence interval). Logistic model based standardization methods were applied to estimate standardized prevalence differences (SPrD) to the overall distribution of age, sex, education, history of COVID-19, and residence of other >60 yrs in the household. Results: We observed that adults living with children more frequently avoided bars (SPrDENE-COVID: 4.2%; 95% CI: 2.3-6.1), crowded places (SPrDCOSMO: 8.0%; 95% CI: 0.6-15.1) and did not use public transportation (SPrDENE-COVID: 4.9%; 95% CI: 3.0-6.7). They were also more worried about work and family conciliation (SPrDCOSMO: 12.2%; 95% CI: 4.8-19.5) and about closure of education centers (SPrDCOSMO: 26.5%; 95% CI: 19.4-33.6). Discussion: In general, adults living with children adopted slightly more frequently social distancing measures.

Safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of implementing supervised exercise into the clinical care of individuals with advanced cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of implementing supervised exercise programming into the clinical care of individuals with advanced cancer. DESIGN: Single group implementation feasibility study using a pre-posttest design. SETTING: Exercise Oncology Unit of the Spanish Cancer Association (a cancer-specific community facility outside the hospital setting). PARTICIPANTS: Adult individuals with advanced cancer profile involving advanced local cancer or distant metastases. INTERVENTION: A 12-week, twice-weekly, supervised, clinic-based multi-component exercise program. MAIN MEASURE: Paired t-tests were used to assess pre-post changes and analyses of covariance were used to compare effects based on selected participant characteristics. RESULTS: Eighty-four individuals with advanced cancer completed the baseline assessment, with six participants withdrawing prior to the start of the program. Of the 78 participants, 17 dropped out, thus, a total of 61 completed the final assessment. Mean adherence was 82.5%. No serious adverse events occurred. Exercise significantly improved VO2max by 5.2 mL·kg·min (p < 0.001), chest strength (p < 0.001), leg strength (p < 0.001), lean body mass (p = 0.003), skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.002), % body fat (p = 0.02), quality of life by 5.3 points (p = 0.009), fatigue by 3.2 points (p = 0.012), and physical activity by 1680 METs/week (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our clinically supervised and tailored exercise program involving moderate to vigorous intensity exercise was found to be feasible, safe, and effective for individuals with advanced cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: With proper screening and supervision, individuals with advanced cancer can benefit from tailored exercise oncology support as part of an overall therapeutic care plan.

Deprivation gap in colorectal cancer survival attributable to stage at diagnosis: A population-based study in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic inequalities in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival are a major concern of the Spanish public health system. If these inequalities were mainly due to differences in stage at diagnosis, population-based screening programs might reduce them substantially. We aimed to determine to what extent adverse stage distribution contributed to survival inequalities in a Spanish region before the implementation of a CRC screening program. METHODS: We analyzed data from a population-based cohort study that included all patients living in a region of southern Spain with CRC diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. The European Deprivation Index was used to assign each patient a socioeconomic level based on their area of residence. The role of tumor stage in survival disparities between socioeconomic groups was assessed using a causal mediation analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2802 men and 1957 women were included in the study. For men, the adjusted difference in deaths between the most deprived and the most affluent areas was 131 deaths per 1000 person-years by the first year after diagnosis. Of these deaths, 42 (per 1000 person-years) were attributable to differences in stage at diagnosis. No socioeconomic disparities in survival were detected among female patients. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we mainly detected socioeconomic disparities in short term survival of male patients. More than two thirds of these inequalities could not be attributed to differences in stage at diagnosis. Our results suggest that in addition to a screening program, other public health interventions are necessary to reduce the deprivation gap in survival.

[Municipal distribution and trend of the incidence of breast cancer in the health area of León, Spain (1996-2010)]. / Tendencia y distribución municipal de la incidencia de cáncer de mama en el área de salud de León (1996-2010).

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common amongst women. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and geographical distribution of breast cancer in the health area of León. METHODS: We designed an observational descriptive study that included women enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario in León with a diagnosis of breast malignant neoplasm (ICD-9: 174, ICD-10: 50) between 01/01/1996 and 31/12/2010 and resident in the health area of León. To study the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR > 1 using Bayesian methods. RESULTS: A total of 2379 cases were included. The number of new cases and the crude incidence rate have both increased in every triennium, from 72,7 (1996-1998) to 101,5 (2008-2010) per 100,000 women. The age adjusted rates per 100,000 women (European standard population) increased from 58,0 during the first triennium to 69,4 during the last one. An average annual increase of 1,3% was observed. Several municipalities from the health area of León showed risks higher than a 10%. The PP were higher than 0.9 only in the municipality of León. CONCLUSION: The observed rates are among the lowest in our country. Nevertheless, the number of cases and the incidence rates have increased progressively.

Tendencia y distribución municipal de la incidencia de cáncer de mama en el área de salud de León (1996-2010) (AU) / Municipal distribution and trend of the incidence of breast cancer in the health area of León, Spain (1996-2010)

Fundamentos: El cáncer de mama es el más frecuente en las mujeres. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la incidencia y distribución geográfica del cáncer de mama invasivo en el área de salud de León (ASL). Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo en el que se incluyeron mujeres con diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna de mama (CIE-9:174, CIE-10:C50) del Registro Hospitalario de Tumores del Centro Asistencial Universitario de León, entre 1/1/1996 y 31/12/2010 y con residencia en el ASL. Para el análisis de la distribución espacial se estimaron los riesgos relativos (RR) municipales suavizados mediante el ajuste del modelo de Besag, York y Mollié y sus probabilidades posteriores de que los RR fuesen >1 (PP), utilizando métodos bayesianos. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 2.379 casos. El número de casos nuevos y las tasas de incidencia brutas en cada trienio fueron de 72,7 (1996-1998) a 101,5 (2008-2010) por 100.000 mujeres. Las tasas a población europea por 100.000 mujeres ascendieron de 58,0 en el primer trienio y a 69,4 en el último. Se observó un incremento anual promedio del 1,3 %. Varios municipios del ASL presentaron riesgos superiores al 10 %. Las PP solo fueron superiores a 0,9 en el municipio de León. Conclusiones: Las tasas observadas son de las más bajas de España. Sin embargo, el número de casos y las tasas de incidencia se incrementaron de manera mantenida en el periodo estudiado (AU)

Background: Breast cancer is the most common amongst women. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and geographical distribution of breast cancer in the health area of León. Methods: We designed an observational descriptive study that included women enrolled in the Hospital Tumor Registry of the Centro Asistencial Universitario in León with a diagnosis of breast malignant neoplasm (ICD-9:174, ICD-10:50) between 01/01/1996 and 31/12/2010 and resident in the health area of León. To study the spatial distribution, we estimated municipal relative risks (RR) smoothed by fitting the Besag, York and Mollié model and the posterior probability (PP) of RR > 1 using Bayesian methods. Results: A total of 2379 cases were included. The number of new cases and the crude incidence rate have both increased in every triennium, from 72,7 (1996-1998) to 101,5 (2008-2010) per 100,000 women. The age adjusted rates per 100,000 women (European standard population) increased from 58,0 during the first triennium to 69,4 during the last one. An average annual increase of 1,3 % was observed. Several municipalities from the health area of León showed risks higher than a 10 %. The PP were higher than 0.9 only in the municipality of León. Conclusion: The observed rates are among the lowest in our country. Nevertheless, the number of cases and the incidence rates have increased progressively (AU)

Ocupación, exposición laboral a radiaciones electromagnéticas y cáncer de mama

Este estudio ha hecho posible investigar el riesgo de cáncer de mama ligado a la ocupación en mujeres y hombres, así como la influencia de la exposición a campos electromagnéticos. Permitió además obtener información relevante sobre la distribución del cáncer de mama en Suecia. Se utilizaron técnicas bioestadísticas avanzadas para calcular los riesgos y para explorar y visualizar las relaciones entre nivel de exposición y respuesta biológica. El estudio contribuye así al esclarecimiento del posible papel de los campos electromagnéticos de baja frecuencia en la génesis del cáncer de mama en humanos.