First report of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, infecting hops, Humulus lupulus, in São Paulo, Brazil.

In 2019, during a nematologic survey in Jaboticabal, Brazil, root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita parasitizing hops (Humulus lupulus) was identified with based on morphological characters of adults, esterase phenotypes (n = 16), and molecular analysis. Modified Koch's postulates was carried out and after 90 days, the average total population recovered had different stages of development, with a reproductive factor (RF) of 4.81. This is the first report of H. lupulus as a host of M. incognita in the state of São Paulo and in Brazil.

Enterococcus Spp. Survival Through the Use of Standard Protocol for Clostridium Sp. Isolation

The genera Clostridium and Enterococcus are very different from each other, both morphologically and physiologically. Due to the high resistance by the sporulation capacity of Clostridium species, the thermal shock is a characteristic tool used for the isolation and identification of these microorganisms, this way, it would eliminate any other bacteria that did not present spores. The objective of this work is to show that Enterococcus sp. resist the temperature treatment and grow in culture media used for the isolation of Clostridium sp. For this, the present study initially attempted to identify reducing sulfite clostridia in poultry products, through the use of specific culture media and heat shock treatment. However, the PCR did not detect the presence of Clostridium sp. Then, sequencing of the 16S rDNA region was performed, which showed that the reducing sulfite colonies that were being isolated were, actually, Enterococcus spp. With this, some tests were carried out using different temperature and time combinations in the thermal shock, as well as the use of five different selective and differential culture media, in an attempt to eliminate any contaminants, but all without success, because these bacteria resisted to all modification. Therefore, the standard protocol for the isolation of bacteria of the genus Clostridium does not eliminate Enterococcus, which can lead to failures in the quantification and qualification of sulfite reducing microorganisms, a fact that can significantly affect food safety and animal health.(AU)

Enterococcus Spp. Survival Through the Use of Standard Protocol for Clostridium Sp. Isolation

The genera Clostridium and Enterococcus are very different from each other, both morphologically and physiologically. Due to the high resistance by the sporulation capacity of Clostridium species, the thermal shock is a characteristic tool used for the isolation and identification of these microorganisms, this way, it would eliminate any other bacteria that did not present spores. The objective of this work is to show that Enterococcus sp. resist the temperature treatment and grow in culture media used for the isolation of Clostridium sp. For this, the present study initially attempted to identify reducing sulfite clostridia in poultry products, through the use of specific culture media and heat shock treatment. However, the PCR did not detect the presence of Clostridium sp. Then, sequencing of the 16S rDNA region was performed, which showed that the reducing sulfite colonies that were being isolated were, actually, Enterococcus spp. With this, some tests were carried out using different temperature and time combinations in the thermal shock, as well as the use of five different selective and differential culture media, in an attempt to eliminate any contaminants, but all without success, because these bacteria resisted to all modification. Therefore, the standard protocol for the isolation of bacteria of the genus Clostridium does not eliminate Enterococcus, which can lead to failures in the quantification and qualification of sulfite reducing microorganisms, a fact that can significantly affect food safety and animal health.

QUANTIFICATION OF ENTEROBACTERIA AND CLOSTRIDIUM SPP. IN POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSES SANITARY CONVEYORS BELTS

The increase in production and consumption of chicken meat has occurred due to modernization in this area. Such increase caused the concern about the transmission of pathogens to humans; however, with proper hygiene this transmission can be controlled. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the pre-operational and operational hygiene in sanitary conveyors belts of chicken cuts in slaughterhouses through Clostridium spp. and Enterobacteria quantification. Statistical data analysis for Clostridium spp. colony count showed a difference between the studied slaughterhouses and the types of cleaning performed on sanitary conveyors belts (p

Quantification of enterobacteria and clostridium spp. In poultry slaughterhouses sanitary conveyors belts / Quantificação de enterobactérias e clostridium spp. Em esteiras condutoras de cortes de frango em frigoríficos

The increase in production and consumption of chicken meat has occurred due to modernization in this area. Such increase caused the concern about the transmission of pathogens to humans; however, with proper hygiene this transmission can be controlled. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the pre-operational and operational hygiene insanitary conveyors belts of chicken cuts in slaughterhouses through Clostridium spp. and Enterobacteria quantification.Statistical data analysis for Clostridium spp. colony count showed a difference between the studied slaughterhouses and the types of cleaning performed on sanitary conveyors belts (p<0,0001). Already statistical analysis for Enterobacteriaceae colony count showed significant differences only between the visited slaughterhouses (p<0,0001),with no difference between the types of conveyors belts cleaning (p=0,4057). The results showed that there was avariation in bacterial count among the slaughterhouses and the hygiene process in sanitary conveyors belts were deficient because they presented counts higher than the values recommended by the international organizations.(AU)

O aumento da produção e do consumo per capita de carne de frango ocorreu devido a modernização neste setor. Tal aumento gerou preocupação com a transmissão de patógenos para o ser humano, porém com uma higienização adequada essa transmissão pode ser controlada. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a higiene pré-operacional e operacional das esteiras condutoras de cortes de frangos através da quantificação de Clostridium spp. e Enterobactérias. As análises estatísticas da contagem de Clostridium spp. mostraram uma diferença entre os frigoríficos visitados e entre os tipos de limpeza realizados nas esteiras (p<0,0001). Já as análises estatísticas para a contagem de Enterobactérias mostraram diferenças significativas somente entre os frigoríficos visitados (p<0,0001), não havendo diferença entre os tipos de limpeza das esteiras (p=0,4057). Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma variação na contagem bacteriana entre os frigoríficos e que a higienização das esteiras foram deficientes pois apresentaram contagens superiores aos valores recomendado pelas organizações internacionais.(AU)

Quantification of enterobacteria and clostridium spp. In poultry slaughterhouses sanitary conveyors belts / Quantificação de enterobactérias e clostridium spp. Em esteiras condutoras de cortes de frango em frigoríficos

The increase in production and consumption of chicken meat has occurred due to modernization in this area. Such increase caused the concern about the transmission of pathogens to humans; however, with proper hygiene this transmission can be controlled. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the pre-operational and operational hygiene insanitary conveyors belts of chicken cuts in slaughterhouses through Clostridium spp. and Enterobacteria quantification.Statistical data analysis for Clostridium spp. colony count showed a difference between the studied slaughterhouses and the types of cleaning performed on sanitary conveyors belts (p<0,0001). Already statistical analysis for Enterobacteriaceae colony count showed significant differences only between the visited slaughterhouses (p<0,0001),with no difference between the types of conveyors belts cleaning (p=0,4057). The results showed that there was avariation in bacterial count among the slaughterhouses and the hygiene process in sanitary conveyors belts were deficient because they presented counts higher than the values recommended by the international organizations.

O aumento da produção e do consumo per capita de carne de frango ocorreu devido a modernização neste setor. Tal aumento gerou preocupação com a transmissão de patógenos para o ser humano, porém com uma higienização adequada essa transmissão pode ser controlada. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a higiene pré-operacional e operacional das esteiras condutoras de cortes de frangos através da quantificação de Clostridium spp. e Enterobactérias. As análises estatísticas da contagem de Clostridium spp. mostraram uma diferença entre os frigoríficos visitados e entre os tipos de limpeza realizados nas esteiras (p<0,0001). Já as análises estatísticas para a contagem de Enterobactérias mostraram diferenças significativas somente entre os frigoríficos visitados (p<0,0001), não havendo diferença entre os tipos de limpeza das esteiras (p=0,4057). Os resultados demonstraram que houve uma variação na contagem bacteriana entre os frigoríficos e que a higienização das esteiras foram deficientes pois apresentaram contagens superiores aos valores recomendado pelas organizações internacionais.