Encuesta Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) survey on the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Introducción: La colaboración entre Atención Primaria (AP) y Gastroenterología en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es crucial para ofrecer una atención médica de alta calidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar, en el ámbito nacional, la relación entre AP y los gastroenterólogos con el objetivo de conocer los aspectos de mejora en el manejo de pacientes con EII y cómo poder implementarlos, para así desarrollar posteriormente propuestas y proyectos concretos entre SEMERGEN y GETECCU. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, realizado mediante cuestionario online anónimo entre octubre de 2021 y marzo de 2022. Resultados: Se recopilaron un total de 157 encuestas de Gastroenterología y 222 de AP. El 43,8% y el 34,3% de los gastroenterólogos y médicos de familia, respectivamente, consideraron tener una buena relación. El grado de conocimiento de los médicos de familia sobre diferentes aspectos de la EII (puntuado sobre 10) fue: aspectos clínicos 6,67±1,48, diagnósticos 6,47±1,46, terapéuticos 5,63±1,51, de seguimiento 5,53±1,68 y complicaciones 6,05±1,54. La percepción del apoyo y soporte entre ambas unidades no superó el 4,5 en una escala de 0 a 10 en ninguna de las encuestas. Las propuestas de mejora más votadas fueron: mayor coordinación entre especialistas, implantación de unidades de EII y colaboración de enfermería. Conclusión: Existen deficiencias en la relación entre AP y Gastroenterología con especial dedicación a la EII que requiere de los esfuerzos de las sociedades científicas que los representan para una mayor coordinación, con elaboración de protocolos conjuntos y medios de comunicación ágiles, rápidos y efectivos. (AU)

Introduction: Collaboration between Primary Care (PC) and Gastroenterology in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is crucial to provide high-quality healthcare. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between PC and gastroenterologists at a national level in order to identify areas for improvement in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and how to address them, with the aim of subsequently developing concrete proposals and projects between SEMERGEN and GETECCU. Methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, was carried out using an anonymous online questionnaire between October 2021 and March 2022. Results: A total of 157 surveys from Gastroenterology and 222 from PC were collected. 43.8% and 34.3% of gastroenterologists and family practitioners, respectively, considered that there was a good relationship between the units. The level of knowledge from family practitioners regarding different aspects of IBD out of 10 was: clinical 6.67±1.48, diagnosis 6.47±1.46, treatment 5.63±1.51, follow-up 5.53±1.68 and complications 6.05±1.54. The perception of support between both units did not exceed 4.5 on a scale from 0 to 10 in either of the surveys. The most highly voted improvement proposals were better coordination between the units, implementation of IBD units, and nursing collaboration. Conclusion: There are deficiencies in the relationship between PC and Gastroenterology with special dedication to IBD that require the efforts of the scientific societies that represent them for greater coordination with the development of joint protocols and agile, fast, and effective communication channels. (AU)

Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Their Degree of Control as Perceived by Primary Care Physicians in a Survey-TERESA-Opinion Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a survey, the opinion of primary care (PC) physicians on the magnitude of dyslipidemia and its degree of control in their clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ecological study was carried out, in which the physicians were invited to participate by means of an online letter. Data were collected at a single timepoint and were based only on the experience, knowledge, and routine clinical practice of the participating physician. RESULTS: A total of 300 physicians answered the questionnaire and estimated the prevalence of dyslipidemia between 2% and 80%. They estimated that 23.5% of their patients were high-risk, 18.2% were very high-risk, and 14.4% had recurrent events in the last 2 years. The PC physicians considered that 61.5% of their patients achieved the targets set. The participants fixed the presence of side-effects to statins at 14%. The statin that was considered safest with regard to side-effects was rosuvastatin (69%). CONCLUSIONS: PC physicians in Spain perceive that the CVR of their patients is high. This, together with the overestimation of the degree of control of LDL-C, could justify the inertia in the treatment of lipids. Moreover, they perceive that one-sixth of the patients treated with statins have side-effects.

Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) survey on the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. / Encuesta Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.

INTRODUCTION: Collaboration between Primary Care (PC) and Gastroenterology in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is crucial to provide high-quality healthcare. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between PC and gastroenterologists at a national level in order to identify areas for improvement in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and how to address them, with the aim of subsequently developing concrete proposals and projects between SEMERGEN and GETECCU. METHODS: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, was carried out using an anonymous online questionnaire between October 2021 and March 2022. RESULTS: A total of 157 surveys from Gastroenterology and 222 from PC were collected. 43.8% and 34.3% of gastroenterologists and family practitioners, respectively, considered that there was a good relationship between the units. The level of knowledge from family practitioners regarding different aspects of IBD out of 10 was: clinical 6.67±1.48, diagnosis 6.47±1.46, treatment 5.63±1.51, follow-up 5.53±1.68 and complications 6.05±1.54. The perception of support between both units did not exceed 4.5 on a scale from 0 to 10 in either of the surveys. The most highly voted improvement proposals were better coordination between the units, implementation of IBD units, and nursing collaboration. CONCLUSION: There are deficiencies in the relationship between PC and Gastroenterology with special dedication to IBD that require the efforts of the scientific societies that represent them for greater coordination with the development of joint protocols and agile, fast, and effective communication channels.

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension seen by primary care physicians in Spain: the IBERICAN study.

Objectives: To determine the clinical profile, according to the history of hypertension, the risk of developing hypertension, current antihypertensive treatment and BP control rates in patients with hypertension from the IBERICAN cohort. Methods: IBERICAN is an ongoing prospective cohort study, whose primary objective is to determine the frequency, incidence, and distribution of CVRF in the adult Spanish population seen in primary care settings. This analysis shows the baseline clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension. Adequate BP control was defined as BP <140/90 mmHg according to 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines. Results: A total of 8,066 patients were consecutively included, of whom 3,860 (48.0%) had hypertension. These patients were older (65.8 ± 10.9 vs. 51.6 ± 14.7 years; p < 0.001), had more cardiovascular risk factors, target organ damage and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in comparison with those without hypertension. The risk of hypertension increased with the presence of associated CV risk factors and comorbidities, particularly diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, and decreased with the intensity of physical activity. Regarding antihypertensive treatments, 6.1% of patients did not take any medication, 38.8% were taking one antihypertensive drug, 35.5% two drugs, and 19.6% three or more antihypertensive drugs. Overall, 58.3% achieved BP goals <140/90 mmHg. A greater probability of BP control was observed with increasing age of patients and the greater number of antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure control was lower in hypertensive patients with diabetes, obesity, the metabolic syndrome, increased urinary albumin excretion, higher pulse pressure, and lack of antihypertensive treatment. Conclusions: About half of patients attended in primary care settings have hypertension in Spain. Patients with hypertension have a worse CV clinical profile than non-hypertensive patients, with greater association of CVRF and CVD. Around four out of ten patients do not achieve the recommended BP goals, and higher use of combination therapies is associated with a better BP control.

Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Target Organ Damage.

The role of uric acid levels in the cardiovascular continuum is not clear. Our objective is to analyze the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HU) and its association with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), subclinical target organ damage (sTOD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We evaluated the prevalence of HU in 6.927 patients included in the baseline visit of the IBERICAN study. HU was defined as uric acid levels above 6 mg/dL in women, and 7 mg/dL in men. Using adjusted logistic regression models, the odds ratios were estimated according to CVRF, sTOD, and CVD. The prevalence of HU was 16.3%. The risk of HU was higher in patients with pathological glomerular filtration rate (aOR: 2.92), heart failure (HF) (aOR: 1.91), abdominal obesity (aOR: 1.80), hypertension (HTN) (aOR: 1.65), use of thiazides (aOR: 1.54), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (aOR: 1.36), atrial fibrillation (AFIB) (aOR: 1.29), and albuminuria (aOR: 1.27). On the other hand, being female (aOR: 0.82) showed a reduced risk. The prevalence of HU was higher in men, in patients presenting CVRF such as HTN and abdominal obesity, and with co-existence of LVH, atrial fibrillation (AFIB), HF, and any form of kidney injury. These associations raise the possibility that HU forms part of the early stages of the cardiovascular continuum. This may influence its management in Primary Healthcare because the presence of HU could mean an increased CV risk in the patients.

Prevalence of Chronic Heart Failure, Associated Factors, and Therapeutic Management in Primary Care Patients in Spain, IBERICAN Study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients assisted in primary care is not well known. We investigated the prevalence of CHF, its associated factors, and its therapeutic management. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in primary care (PC) in baseline patients of the IBERICAN study (Identification of the Spanish Population at Cardiovascular and Renal Risk). CHF was defined as the presence of this condition in the medical history, classifying patients according to the type of ventricular dysfunction in CHF with preserved ejection fraction (pEF), or CHF with reduced ejection fraction (rEF). Clinical characteristics, relationship between CHF and main cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and drug treatments used according to ejection fraction (EF) were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 8066 patients were included (54.5% women), average age (SD) was 57.9 (14.8) years, of which 3.1% (95% CI: 2.3-3.7) presented CHF, without differences between men and women. CHF with pEF (61.8%; 95% CI: 55.5-67.6) was more frequent in women, and CHF with rEF (38.1%; 95% CI: 33.2-45.5) (p = 0.028) was similar in both genders (65.9%; 95% CI: 57.1-73.4 vs. 57.3%; 95% CI: 47.7-65.8) (p = 0.188). A progressive increase of the prevalence with age (15.2% in ≥80 years) and with the aggregation of CVRF was observed. The most prescribed treatments were beta-blockers (54.7%) followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (42.8%) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (41.3%), without differences between pEF and rEF. The variables that are most associated with the probability of suffering CHF were a personal history of left ventricular hypertrophy (OR: 5.968; p < 0.001), of atrial fibrillation (OR: 3.494; p < 0.001), and of peripheral vascular disease (OR: 2.029; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three in every 100 patients included in the IBERICAN study presented CHF, of which two thirds had pEF. The condition increased exponentially with age and aggregation of CVRF. We did not find any differences in drug treatment according to the type of ventricular dysfunction. The treatment of HF with rEF has much room for improvement.

Prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica y factores asociados en la población asistida en atención primaria de España: resultados del estudio IBERICAN / Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in the Spanish population attended in primary care: Results of the IBERICAN study

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y determinar los factores asociados al deterioro de la función renal en población asistida en atención primaria.Pacientes y métodoEstudio transversal y multicéntrico realizado en los pacientes basales del estudio IBERICAN (identificación de la población española de riesgo cardiovascular y renal). Se consideró ERC a un filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe)<60ml/min/1,73m2 o albuminuria elevada (≥30mg/g). Según el FGe se clasificó la ERC en 6 estadios (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4 y 5) y según la albuminuria en 3 (A1 o normal/ligeramente aumentada, A2 o moderadamente aumentada y A3 o gravemente aumentada). Se analizaron las características clínicas y la relación de la ERC con los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) y otras variables de interés mediante regresión logística no condicional.ResultadosSe incluyeron 7.895 pacientes (edad media 57,9±14,8 años; 54,5% mujeres). El 14,4% (IC 95%: 13,6-15,1) presentaba ERC; en hombres un 16,1% (IC 95%: 14,9-17,3) y en mujeres un 12,9% (IC 95%: 11,9-14,0). Se observó un aumento continuo de la prevalencia con la edad (24,8%≥65años) y con la agregación de FRCV. Las variables que más se asociaron a la probabilidad de padecer ERC fueron hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (OR: 1,95; p<0,001), diabetes (OR: 1,58; p<0,001) e hipertensión (OR: 1,56; p<0,001).ConclusionesCatorce de cada 100 pacientes incluidos en el estudio IBERICAN presenta ERC. La prevalencia de ERC afecta a la cuarta parte de pacientes≥65 años y aumenta exponencialmente con la agregación de FRCV. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the factors associated with impaired renal function in the population attended in primary care (PC).Patients and methodCross-sectional and multicentre study carried out in the baseline patients of the IBERICAN study (Identificación de la poBlación Española de RIesgo CArdiovascular y reNal). CKD was considered with an estimated glomerular filtration (eGF) <60ml/min/1.73 m2 or elevated albuminuria (≥ 30mg/g). According to the eGF, the CKD was classified in six stages (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5) and according to albuminuria in three stages (A1 or normal / slightly increased, A2 or moderately increased and A3 or severely increased). The clinical characteristics and the relationship of CKD with the main cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and other variables of interest were analysed using unconditional logistic regression.Results7,895 patients were included (mean age 57.9±14.8 years; 54.5% women). 14.4% (95% CI: 13.6-15.1) had CKD; 16.1% (95% CI: 14.9-17.3) in men and 12.9% (95% CI: 11.9-14.0) in women. A continuous increase of the prevalence was observed with age (24.8% in≥65 years) and with CVFR aggregation. The variables that were most associated with the probability of suffering CKD were left ventricular hypertrophy (OR: 1.95; p <.001), diabetes (OR: 1.58; P<.001) and hypertension (OR: 1.56; P<.001).ConclusionsFourteen out of every 100 patients included in the IBERICAN study have CKD. The prevalence of CKD affects a quarter of patients ≥ 65 years and increases exponentially with the aggregation of FRCV. (AU)

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors in the Spanish population attended in primary care: Results of the IBERICAN study. / Prevalencia de la enfermedad renal crónica y factores asociados en la población asistida en atención primaria de España: resultados del estudio IBERICAN.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the factors associated with impaired renal function in the population attended in primary care (PC). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional and multicentre study carried out in the baseline patients of the IBERICAN study (Identificación de la poBlación Española de RIesgo CArdiovascular y reNal). CKD was considered with an estimated glomerular filtration (eGF) <60ml/min/1.73 m2 or elevated albuminuria (≥ 30mg/g). According to the eGF, the CKD was classified in six stages (1, 2, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5) and according to albuminuria in three stages (A1 or normal / slightly increased, A2 or moderately increased and A3 or severely increased). The clinical characteristics and the relationship of CKD with the main cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and other variables of interest were analysed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: 7,895 patients were included (mean age 57.9±14.8 years; 54.5% women). 14.4% (95% CI: 13.6-15.1) had CKD; 16.1% (95% CI: 14.9-17.3) in men and 12.9% (95% CI: 11.9-14.0) in women. A continuous increase of the prevalence was observed with age (24.8% in≥65 years) and with CVFR aggregation. The variables that were most associated with the probability of suffering CKD were left ventricular hypertrophy (OR: 1.95; p <.001), diabetes (OR: 1.58; P<.001) and hypertension (OR: 1.56; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fourteen out of every 100 patients included in the IBERICAN study have CKD. The prevalence of CKD affects a quarter of patients ≥ 65 years and increases exponentially with the aggregation of FRCV.

[Protocol proposal for patients under treatment with new oral anticoagulant drugs undergoing prostate biopsy.] / Propuesta de protocolo en pacientes sometidos a biopsia prostática en tratamiento con los nuevos anticoagulantes orales.

Sr Director:Desde que la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) aprobó el uso de los nuevos fármacos  anticoagulantes orales (NACOs) para la fibrilación auricular en octubre de 2010, ha habido un  aumento exponencial en la prescripción de estos medicamentos, de forma que gradualmente están reemplazando a los tradicionales antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) como un nuevo estándar enanticoagulación oral (1).

Sr Director:Desde que la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) aprobó el uso de los nuevos fármacos  anticoagulantes orales (NACOs) para la fibrilación auricular en octubre de 2010, ha habido un  aumento exponencial en la prescripción de estos medicamentos, de forma que gradualmente están  reemplazando a los tradicionales antagonistas de la vitamina K (AVK) como un nuevo estándar enanticoagulación oral (1).

Propuesta de protocolo en pacientes sometidos a biopsia prostática en tratamiento con los nuevos anticoagulantes orales / Protocol proposal for patients under treatment with new oral anticoagulant drugs undergoing prostate biopsy

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Características basales y manejo clínico de los primeros 3.000 pacientes incluidos en el estudio IBERICAN (Identificación de la población española de riesgo cardiovascular y renal) / Baseline characteristics and clinical management of the first 3.000 patients enrolled in the IBERICAN study (Identification of the Spanish population at cardiovascular and renal risk)

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y la incidencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en España, así como de los eventos cardiovasculares, en población adulta española asistida en atención primaria. Metodología. IBERICAN es un estudio longitudinal, observacional y multicéntrico en el que se están incluyendo pacientes de 18 a 85años atendidos en las consultas de atención primaria en España. La cohorte obtenida se seguirá anualmente durante al menos 5años. La muestra final estimada es de 7.000 pacientes. Se presentan las características basales del segundo corte (n=3.042). Resultados. La edad media de los sujetos incluidos es de 57,9±14,6años, y el 55,5% son mujeres. El 54,9% viven en un hábitat urbano, y el 57,3% tienen estudios primarios. El 50,3% tienen dislipidemia, el 47,4% hipertensión arterial, el 29,7% sedentarismo, el 28,2% obesidad abdominal y el 19% diabetes mellitus. El grado de control de hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus tipo2 fue del 58,5, del 25,8 y del 75,9%, respectivamente. El 28,2% cumplen criterios de síndrome metabólico. El 15,6% de los pacientes presentaban una enfermedad cardiovascular previa. El 7,8% tienen antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica, el 8,4% de filtrado glomerular (CKD-EPI) <60ml/min, el 9,6% de microalbuminuria, el 5,5% de fibrilación auricular, el 4,6% de ictus y el 2,9% de insuficiencia cardiaca. Conclusiones. A pesar de que la población atendida en atención primaria es relativamente joven, la elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo, su mal control y la existencia de patología cardiovascular previa condicionarán el impacto en el pronóstico de la cohorte (AU)

Objectives. To determine the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in Spain, as well as cardiovascular events, in Spanish adult population attended in primary care. Methodology. IBERICAN is a longitudinal, observational, multicenter study in which patients aged 18 to 85years attended in primary care health center in Spain are being included. The obtained cohort will be followed annually for at least 5years. The estimated final sample is 7,000 patients. The baseline characteristics of the second cut (n=3,042) are presented. Results. The mean age of the subjects included is 57.9±14.6 years, and 55.5% are women. 54.9% live in urban habitat, and 57.3% have primary education. 50.3% had dyslipidemia, 47.4% hypertension, 29.7% physical inactivity, 28.2% abdominal obesity and 19% diabetes mellitus. The degree of control of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type2 diabetes was 58.5%, 25.8% and 75.9%. 28.2% have criteria for metabolic syndrome. 15.6% of patients had previous cardiovascular disease. 7.8% have a history of coronary heart disease, a glomerular filtration rate <60ml/min (CKD-EPI) 8.4%, microalbuminuria 9.6%, atrial fibrillation 5.5%, stroke 4.6%, and heart failure 2.9%. Conclusions. Although the population treated in primary care is relatively young, the high prevalence of risk factors, their poor control and the existence of previous cardiovascular disease will determine the impact on the prognosis of the cohort (AU)

Influence of renal function on anticoagulation control in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation taking vitamin K antagonists.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been related to poor anticoagulation control and an increased risk of bleeding. This study aims to evaluate the association between impaired renal function (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) and anticoagulation control in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) therapy. We also assessed whether the predictive value of the SAMe-TT2 R2 score prevailed for subgroups both with and without CKD. METHODS: This is an ancillary analysis of 1381 patients from the PAULA study, which was a cross-sectional, retrospective and nationwide multicenter study. RESULTS: A total of 370 patients had eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Anticoagulation control levels progressively worsened across each stage of CKD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed CKD as an independent predictor of time in therapeutic range (TTR). In the subgroup of patients with preserved renal function, female sex, diet affecting INR, polypharmacy and amiodarone were associated with poorer TTR. The SAMe-TT2 R2 score had a significant but modest predictive value for TTR<65% (AUC, area under the curve 0.558, P = .002). In the subgroup of patients with CKD, the SAMe-TT2 R2 (>2 points) showed no significant predictive capacity for TTR (AUC 0.528, P = .354). The average TTR was similar for both sexes (P = .255), but with a higher percentage of males subjects with TTR ≥65% (P = .013). CONCLUSION: Chronic kidney disease is associated with poor anticoagulation control in patients with non-valvular AF taking VKA. The SAMe-TT2 R2 score was not predictive of poor TTR in the subgroup with CKD, although a modest predictive value for poor TTR was found in those without CKD.

[Baseline characteristics and clinical management of the first 3,000 patients enrolled in the IBERICAN study (Identification of the Spanish population at cardiovascular and renal risk)]. / Características basales y manejo clínico de los primeros 3.000 pacientes incluidos en el estudio IBERICAN (Identificación de la población española de riesgo cardiovascular y renal).

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in Spain, as well as cardiovascular events, in Spanish adult population attended in primary care. METHODOLOGY: IBERICAN is a longitudinal, observational, multicenter study in which patients aged 18 to 85years attended in primary care health center in Spain are being included. The obtained cohort will be followed annually for at least 5years. The estimated final sample is 7,000 patients. The baseline characteristics of the second cut (n=3,042) are presented. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects included is 57.9±14.6 years, and 55.5% are women. 54.9% live in urban habitat, and 57.3% have primary education. 50.3% had dyslipidemia, 47.4% hypertension, 29.7% physical inactivity, 28.2% abdominal obesity and 19% diabetes mellitus. The degree of control of hypertension, dyslipidemia and type2 diabetes was 58.5%, 25.8% and 75.9%. 28.2% have criteria for metabolic syndrome. 15.6% of patients had previous cardiovascular disease. 7.8% have a history of coronary heart disease, a glomerular filtration rate <60ml/min (CKD-EPI) 8.4%, microalbuminuria 9.6%, atrial fibrillation 5.5%, stroke 4.6%, and heart failure 2.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Although the population treated in primary care is relatively young, the high prevalence of risk factors, their poor control and the existence of previous cardiovascular disease will determine the impact on the prognosis of the cohort.

Evaluation of SAMe-TT2R2 score and other clinical factors influencing the quality of anticoagulation therapy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the major clinical factors affecting the quality of anticoagulation and evaluate the predictive value of the SAMe-TT2R2 score to identify patients who will achieve a high average time in therapeutic range (T.T.R.) with vitamin K antagonist (V.K.A.) treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and nationwide multicenter study included 1524 patients from the primary care setting with non-valvular atrial fibrillation receiving V.K.A. (≥12 months). We performed a bivariate analysis to identify factors individually associated with the T.T.R. and a multiple regression analysis to identify the independent predictive factors. For the validation of the SAMe-TT2R2 score, the receiver operating characteristic (R.O.C.) curve was calculated and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to test calibration. RESULTS: A total of 94.8% of patients received acenocumarol (4.8% warfarin). A progressive decrease in mean T.T.R. was found when the SAMe-TT2R2 score increased from 0 points (72.1 ± 17.1%) to 4 points (64.1 ± 23.2%), p < 0.001. Other risk scores (CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc, HAS-BLED) were also associated with the mean T.T.R. We found a significant association between low T.T.R. and the following clinical factors: female sex, three or more comorbidities, amiodarone treatment, dietary habits, bleeding history and the intake of ≥7 tablets per day besides V.K.A. (p < 0.01). Regarding SAMe-TT2R2 score validation, the R.O.C. curve showed significant capability, although not high, of discriminating good anticoagulation control (T.T.R. ≥65%) with an area under the curve of 0.562 (95% C.I. 0.533-0.592, p < 0.001) which increased, remaining modest, to 0.594 (95% C.I. 0.564-0.624, p < 0.001) when the factors not included in SAMe-TT2R2 score were added. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, the SAMe-TT2R2 score had a significant, although modest, ability to assess the likelihood of good international normalized ration (I.N.R.) control, and its predictive value might slightly improve by adding other simple clinical factors. Further research is needed to refine the predictive scales.

Respuesta de los autores: Posicionamientos de sociedades científicas y revisiones de grupos de trabajo: declaración sobre conflictos de intereses y necesidad de transparencia / Author's reply: Positioning of scientific societies and working groups reviews: Statement on conflicts of interest and need for transparency

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