[Long-term probiotic administration for irritable bowel syndrome: a legal need].

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Violations in the intestinal microbiocenosis play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this suffering. The probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum 35624® has a strong evidence base for use in the management of patients with IBS. The duration of probiotic therapy and the need for repeated courses of probiotics require further study, which determined the need for this observational study. AIM: To compare the results of prolonged (12 weeks) and usual duration of courses of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® in patients with IBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 patients with a verified diagnosis of IBS of moderate and severe severity who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. Patients were prescribed probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® at a dose of 1 capsule (1×109 CFU), 1 time per day for 12 weeks. The course of the disease was assessed using the visual analogue scale, visceral sensitivity index (VSI), IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), quality of life indicators were assessed using the IBS-QoL questionnaire scales. Evaluation of indicators was carried out at the inclusion visit, on days 14, 28, 56, 84 of probiotic intake and on day 112 (28 days after the last dose of Bifidobacterium longum 35624®). RESULTS: The results obtained confirmed the ability of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® to positively influence the course of IBS. The addition of the main therapy with a probiotic made it possible to achieve a significant decrease in the severity of abdominal pain, bloating, and stool disorders. The severity of IBS significantly decreased according to the results of IBS-SSS. Reliable positive dynamics of indicators on the scales IBS-QoL, VSI is shown. The most pronounced changes were observed by the end of the third month of taking Bifidobacterium longum 35624®. Thus, according to the IBS-SSS indicators, only by the end of the third month of observation, some patients achieved remission of the disease. All described changes were persistent and persisted one month after the end of the probiotic intake. CONCLUSION: The addition of a prolonged course of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum 35624® to the basic therapy in patients with IBS allows a more pronounced and lasting effect to be achieved. A "post-probiotic" effect was shown - a decrease in VSI after the end of the intake of the probiotic strain. Given the chronic relapsing course of IBS, the use of repeated probiotic courses was proposed to prevent exacerbation of the disease.

[Provision of personalized acoustic protection of aviation specialists (practical aspects)].

In the article observed the issues of individual protection of aviation technical personnel from the noise generated by military aircrafts. It is shown that modern innovative materials and technologies allow carrying out scientifically based selection of perspective acoustic protection means for aviation personnel. Conducted analysis has shown that specially designed aviation PPE are comparable by acoustic effectiveness with foreign analogs. The necessity of taking into account of personal psycho-physiological features in the process of designing, building and testing of PPE has been proved. Stress-protective function of acoustic protective equipment has been proved in experiments with aviation specialists. Discussing prospective investigation directions in the field of noise protection. One of them is the establishment of persons register (flight and technician personnel) working in acoustically adverse conditions as the basis for occupational risks management.

[Suppositions for development of preventive military air medicine].

It is shown that on the basis of scientific concepts for regenerative medicine and organizational principles of prevention as a result of the research were revealed fundamental laws of life of the organism in an unusual environment. It is concluded that the need to integrate the methodology of research and testing aircraft and medical equipment on a single scientific basis. This will enable more productive use of research results in the field of ergonomics, ecology, and computer science in order to preserve the life and health of military personnel and maintain their combat capability.

[Medical/psychological problems of pilot's performance in a highly maneuvering flight]. / Mediko-psikhologicheskie problemy deiatel'nosti letchika v vysokomanevrennom polete.

The paper digests phases, principles and content of psychophysiological support to trainees for piloting highly manoeuvrable aircraft. Substantiation is given to the areas of medical/psychological research which are most critical for protection of professional health of flying personnel and safe piloting of the fifth generation aircraft.

[Occupational medicine: health protection of liquidation specialists]. / Meditsina truda: okhrana zdorov'ia likvidatorov.

Taking long-term clinical and epidemiologic observation of rescue team (helicopter pilots) as an example, the authors defined principal concepts concerning prophylaxis, social security and rehabilitation of Chernobyl plant accident liquidators. Methodology and methods of the liquidators' health care are discussed.

[Psychophysiological reserves of occupational health of man]. / Psikhofiziologicheskie rezervy professional'nogo zdorov'ia cheloveka.

The paper outlines experimental studies to assess the occupational health of individuals engaged in hazardous trades. The quantitative parameters reflecting the relationship between the health status and the decreased action reliability are defined. Psychophysiological correlations between the diminished action reliability and age are ascertained. Mechanisms of psychophysiological readiness for emergencies are assessed. A theoretical concept of new developments for enhancing the skill of the personnel engaged in hazardous trades by forming the body's life-time limiting functions ensuring high compensation is accounted. A psychological strategy of consciousness to use informational energy fields in the interests of reliability enhancement in emergencies is worded.

[Bases of differentiated evaluation of mental health of flying personnel]. / Obosnovanie differentsirovannoi otsenki psikhicheskogo zdorov'ia letnogo sostava.

Relying on the authors' experimental and literary data concerning flying personnel, the classification criteria were substantiated and the following levels of mental health defined: "healthy" (level 1), "apparently healthy" (level 2), "presence of unfavorable prognostic signs" (level 3); in the interests of organization/certification decision, level 4, "symptoms of psychic pathology", was also identified. These levels of mental health have been defined from a set of indices and a measure of their manifestation, e.g., inherent/anamnestic, personal and medical risk factors for developing psychic decompensation, failures in the systems of attitudes, severity of clinico-psychological deviations, characteristics of occupational reliability, and successful flight activity. The examination of flying personnel with varying levels of mental health in hospitals and aviation units demonstrated their significant distinction in clinical/anamnestic signs, psychophysiological characteristics, mean number of erroneous actions per 100 flight hours, and the judgement of command about occupational efficiency.

[Radiation risk, health and quality of life: the medico-psychological and social-ecological aspects]. / Radiatsionnyi risk, zdorov'e, kachestvo zhizni: mediko-psikhologicheskie i sotsialno-ékologicheskie aspekty.

Complexity and contradictoriness of the triplet life quality-health-risk gain particular acuity owing to the extensive and intensive nature of radiation and non-radiation risks in the modern technological society. Improvement of life standards issue new risks. Unavoidability of existing risks, emergence of new ones, and necessity of qualitative, first of all energetic, life maintenance come into conflict with the principles of ecological stability. The concept of life quality is in many respects irrational and in the future will largely hinge on traditions, ideological and religious maxims.

[The management of the development of occupationally important qualities for the purpose of improving the training of flight personnel]. / Upravlenie razvitiem professional'no vazhnykh kachestv s tsel'iu sovershenstvovaniia podgotovki letnogo sostava.

The issues of purposeful development of occupationally important qualities (OIQ) of the pilots using a specially devised set of psychological, pedagogical, psychophysiological methods are studied. Evidence for an effect of the applied methods on the development of OIQ, success and reliability of flying activity is presented. Some mechanisms of creating an integral system of OIQ during pilot training are discussed. The peculiarities of OIQ influence on specific aspects and parameters of pilot activity including a real flight are considered. The views on the patterns of creating the professional flying abilities, their place in the structure of a pilot fitness for flying are discussed.