Widely Tunable Two-Color Free-Electron Laser on a Storage Ring.

With a wide wavelength tuning range, free-electron lasers (FELs) are well suited for producing simultaneous lasing at multiple wavelengths. We present the first experimental results of a novel two-color storage ring FEL. With three undulators and a pair of dual-band mirrors, the two-color FEL can lase simultaneously in infrared (IR) around 720 nm and in ultraviolet (UV) around 360 nm. We have demonstrated independent wavelength tuning in a wide range (60 nm in IR and 24 nm in UV). We have also realized two-color harmonic operation with the UV lasing tuned to the second harmonic of the IR lasing. Furthermore, we have demonstrated good power stability with two-color lasing, and good control of the power sharing between the two colors.

[Effect of combined administration of acetylsalicylic acid and antioxidants on cellular and plasma hemostasis]. / Vliianie sochetannogo primeneniia atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty s antioksidantami na kletochnyi i plazmennyi gemostaz.

It was found that upsovit (acetylsalicylic acid, 330 mg; ascorbic acid, 200 mg), composition 1 (acetylsalicylic acid, 330 mg; ascorbic acid, 200 mg; hypoxen, 50 mg), and composition 2 (acetylsalicylic acid, 330 mg; ascorbic acid, 200 mg; hypoxen, 100 mg) inhibit thrombocyte aggregation in vitro. Hypoxen per se induces the aggregation of thrombocytes, but inhibited the ADP aggregation. Intravenous injections of upsovit in rabbits did not influence the ADP aggregation, but inhibited the collagen aggregation, while composition 2 inhibited the aggregation processes of both types. Besides, the intravenous injections of upsovit decreased the thromboplastin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and reduced the protein C activity, while influencing neither the heparin cofactor activity of antithrombin III nor the level of fibrinogen and its degradation products. In contrast, composition II did not change the thromboplastin time, APTT, and the protein C activity, but increased the heparin cofactor activity.

[The use of tactivin for treating patients with IHD]. / Primenenie taktivina dlia lecheniia bol'nykh IBS.

Immunomodulating drug tactivin was used for treatment of 29 IHD patients with low T-suppressor activity and high cell sensitization to apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and with lipoprotein-antibody immune complex detected in the blood. Tactivin was injected subcutaneously in the dose 10 micrograms (5 injections for 12 days). Tactivin treatment normalized T-suppressor activity, lowered concentration of plasma lipoprotein-antibody immune complex and improved clinical course of IHD. The beneficial effect of tactivin was observed in 70% of patients during 2 months. 30% of patients needed a second course of treatment of recover normal immunological and clinical indices. The treatment with tactivin of IHD patients must be combined with application of routine antianginal drugs.

[The methodological aspects of establishing the time of death]. / Metodologicheskie aspekty ustanovleniia davnosti nastupleniia smerti.

Methodological analysis of essence of problem concerning postmortem interval estimation is given. The authors present the most promising ways of scientific research on this problem and possibilities of practical use of results of scientific research. The general methods of postmortem interval estimation including wired-in analogy (criterial) method and methods of modelling postmortal processes (mathematical and physical) are analysed. Graph of logical structures of modes of postmortem interval estimation and means of their realization is given.

[Post-infarction stenocardia (clinical and prognostic significance)]. / Postinfarktnaia stenokardiia (klinicheskoe i prognosticheskoe znachenie).

The impact of postinfarction angina pectoris on the course of myocardial infarction (MI) was studied in the hospital setting in 359 patients who had sustained large MI, 247 of them being followed for a year after their discharge. In the group of patients with postinfarction angina pectoris, the course of the disease was found to be more severe in hospital and during a year-follow-up after MI. They more frequently developed acute and chronic heart failure, rhythm and conduction disturbances, recurrent MI. A statistic relationship was not established between the development of postinfarction angina and late fatality. Postinfarction angina was demonstrated to increase a risk for an unfavorable course of a postinfarction period. No significant difference was found in the prognostic significance of the time angina occurred following MI.

[The role of a spasm of the coronary arteries in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarct and in the development of sudden coronary death]. / Rol' spazma venechnykh arterii serdtsa v patogeneze ostrogo infarkta miokarda i v razvitii vnezapnoi koronarnoi smerti.

Based on the clinical experience and clinicoanatomic correlations, the authors suggest the role of hemorrhage and rupture of atherosclerotic patches in the pathogenesis of sudden coronary death. Proceeding from long-term follow-up studies of patients suffering from CHD, the necessity is substantiated of the regular use of beta-adrenoblockers which significantly reduce the rate of sudden death both in the acute and chronic phases of CHD, particularly in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Taking into consideration the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of acute occlusion of coronary arteries, it is suggested that in addition to the preventive administration of beta-adrenoblockers, thrombolytic agents in combination with antiaggregation remedies and calcium antagonists should be prescribed, especially in cases of arterial pressure rises.

[Effects of T-activin on the course of ischemic heart disease in cases of the development of sensitization to apoprotein B-containing lipoproteins]. / Vliianie T-aktivina na techenie ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa v sluchaiakh razvitiia sensibilizatsii k apoprotein-B-soderzhashchim lipoproteidam.

A comprehensive clinicoimmunological examination was made of 105 male patients aged 35-65 years who suffered from coronary heart disease. The authors identified a group of 33 patients whose unstable course of angina pectoris was associated with pronounced apolipoprotein B sensitization, as well as with the presence of the autoimmune lipoprotein-antibody complex and abnormalities in the cellular link of immunity. All 33 patients received antianginal agents. Out of them, 15 patients took additionally a course of T-activin therapy to modulate immunological shifts. The results of the examination demonstrated that the immunomodulator exerted a beneficial effect both on the course of CHD (reduction in the number of anginal episodes, improvement of left ventricular contractility) and the immune system (recovery of T-suppressor function, disappearance of lipoprotein sensitization, decrease in the patient's blood detection rates of the autoimmune lipoprotein-antibody complexes from 83 to 28%). The highest effect was reached by T-activin 1.5-2 months following termination of the course therapy. Immunomodulating therapy is regarded as an additional approach to the treatment of CHD patients with marked lipoprotein sensitization.

[Clinico-immunologic parallels in evaluating the treatment of multiple sclerosis]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie paralleli v otsenke lecheniia rasseiannogo skleroza.

Certain immunological parameters were examined over time in 54 patients afflicted with multiple sclerosis. Nonhormonal multimodality treatment methods including immunomodulatory remedies and corticosteroid hormones were employed. The total counts of T and B lymphocytes as well as their functional activity were found to be related to the disease stage. The pattern of changes in the main factors of immune responsiveness influenced by different types of therapy was established to be inconclusive. Based on an analysis of the clinico-paraclinical parameters it is concluded that conventional multimodality therapy including the use of immunomodulators may be administered both during disease remission and, in some cases, during its exacerbation.

[Characteristics of the course of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus occurring jointly]. / Osobennosti techeniia ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa i sakharnogo diabeta pri ikh sochetanii

Findings of research into the specific course of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) concurrent with diabetes mellitus are analysed. Diabetic patients were found to have a more severe course of IHD after myocardial infarction, which was more often complicated with arrhythmias, cardiac failure, and unstable angina. The incidence of painless IHD after myocardial infarction was found to be twice higher in diabetics. A consistent relationship between the severity of diabetes and an increase in painless IHD incidence was noted. Diabetes was found to aggravate the IHD course irrespective of the patient's age. A correlation was observed between the severity of IHD and insulinaemia. Certain functional-diagnosis methodologies are shown to be most informative in the differential diagnosis of IHD and diabetic cardiomyopathy. The high efficacy of a complex therapy including beta-blockers and angioprotectors in concurrent IHD and diabetes is demonstrated.

[The role of changes in thrombocytic hemostasis in the pathokinesis of purulent surgical infection]. / Rol' izmenenii trombotsitarnogo gemostaza v patokineze gnoinoi khirurgicheskoi infektsii.

A study of 425 patients demonstrated that a pyodestructive process, located anywhere, affects platelet functional properties, resulting in the first place, in disorders of spontaneous cell disaggregation. Impaired platelet functional properties are conducive to the development of postoperative purulent and thromboembolic complications.

[Characteristics of the course of posterior diaphragmatic myocardial infarction in patients with depression of the ST segment in precordial ECG leads]. / Osobennosti techeniia zadnediafragmal'nogo infarkta miokarda u bol'nykh so znizheniem segmenta ST v prekordial'nykh otvedeniiakh EKG.

The course of acute posterior diaphragmatic myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated in 82 in-patients, with 47 of those followed up after the discharge. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those without and with ST depression in precordial ECG leads (groups 1 and 2, respectively). MI took a more severe course in the second group. Heart failure and high-grade ventricular extrasystoles were significantly more common both in and after hospital in such patients. Atrioventricular blocks, cardiogenic shock and recurrences during hospital stay prevailed in the second group. After the discharge, they showed a higher mortality rate and significantly more frequent exacerbations of coronary disease, including all cases of repeated macrofocal MI. This suggests that patients with posterior-diaphragmatic MI and ST depression in precordial ECG leads have a poorer immediate and long-term prognosis and can be designated a high-risk group.

[Effect of heavy water on the viability of bacteria]. / Vliianie tiazheloi vody na protsessy zhiznedeiatel'nosti bakterii.

Influence of heavy water (D2O) on the membrane energization, the efflux of hydrogen ions and the respiration of bacteria E. coli M-17 was studied. As has been shown, heavy water of a low concentration (0.05-0.20% v/v) activates and of a high concentration (above 10%) inhibits the absorption of lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) and of oxygen by cells. The return of these characteristics to the initial levels after the removal of D2O points to a reversible action of D2O. A protective effect of D2O towards membrane energization and rate of respiration on dried cells was observed. This fact is in agreement with the data on viability of bacteria. The indicated protective action increases at the stage of rehydration in the presence of D2O.

[Immunoreactivity in ischemic heart disease of atherosclerotic etiology]. / Immunoreaktivnost' pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa ateroskleroticheskoi étiologii.

Using a combined immunomorphologic and clinico-immunologic approach to the analysis of section and clinical findings, the authors introduce a specific nosological form of coronary heart disease in which there is a cause-and-effect relation implying the development of sensitization to atherogenic lipoproteins, rapid advance of coronary atherosclerosis and the onset of coronary insufficiency.

[Effect of thymalin on the development of experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis]. / Vliianie timalina na razvitie éksperimental'noi giperlipidemii i ateroskleroza.

Thymalin, which is a polypeptide preparation from thymus, exhibited hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic actions in rabbits maintained on a cholesterol-containing diet during three months. At the same time, thymalin caused favourable effect on the functional activity of lymphocytes impaired in hyperlipidemic animals, i.e. it normalized the T-suppressor activity and sensitivity to atherogenic lipoproteins.