[FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE DURING THE PERIOD OF PREPARATION AND HOSTING OF THE XXII OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES AND XI PARALYMPIC WINTER GAMES IN THE RESORT CITY OF SOCHI IN 2014].

In the paper there are presented the basic principles of the organization of activities for the assurance ofthe sanitary- epidemiological welfare in the period ofpreparation and hosting of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the Resort City of Sochi. There are considered features of the organization ofepidemiological surveillance in the pre-Olympic period, the period of the games and the state of the morbidity rate in the region after the Olympics. There are presented data on certain directions of the work of organs and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the disease control of the event.

[METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE STATE MANAGEMENT UNDER ASSURANCE OF THE SANITATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELFARE OF POPULATION].

The methodology of the analysis of health risk at the present stage of development of Russian society is in-demand at all levels of government management. In conjunction with the methods of mathematical modeling, spatial-temporal analysis and economic tools the risk assessment in the analysis of the situation makes it possible to determine the level of safety of the population, workers and consumers, to select prior resources, and threat factors as a point for exertion efforts. At the planning stage risk assessment is a basis for the establishment of most effective measures for the minimization of hazard and dangers. At the realization stage the methodology allows to estimate the efficiency of measures; at the control and supervision phase it permits to select out priorities for the concentration of efforts on the objects of maximal health risk for population. Risk assessments, including the elements of evolutionary modeling, are incorporated in the system of state hygienic regulation, the formation of evidence base of harm to health, the organization of control and supervisory activities. This allows you to harmonize the domestic legal framework with ternational legal requirements and ultimately enhances the credibility of the Russian data on the safety of the environment products and services. There is seemed to be actual the further assignment of enforcement of methodology of health risk analysis in the field of assurance of sanitary and epidemiological well-being and health of employers; he development of informational and analytical base in the part of the establishment of models of dependencies "exposure-response" for different types and levels of exposure and risk contingents; the accuracy enhancement of estimations of exposure; improvement of the economic aspects of health risk analysis and forecasting of measures aimed at mitigation of the losses associated with the negative impact of manifold factors on the health of citizens.

[Operation and interaction peculiarities of diagnostic laboratories involved in providing protection from infectious diseases during the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi].

The experience of the organization and functioning of the laboratory network during the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi is considered. Efforts to establish an effective system of laboratory support, the order of work and interaction of diagnostic laboratories involved in diseases control of population during the Olympic Games are analyzed.

[Justifying expedience connected with development of Federal Law "On chemical safety"].

Based on analysis of present legal acts and regulations concerning chemicals handling in Russia, the authors necessitate development of Federal Law "On chemical safety".

[About the human health safety estimation of ractopamine intake together with the food].

The analysis of scientific data including American and European scientific communities concerning use of ractopamine as a growth factor in food animal production and the argumentation of the maximum permitted levels of ractopamine and levels of ractopamine in meat and byproducts (offal) is carried out. The position of the Russian side stated at the Codex Alimentarius commission 35th session that acceptable ractopamine daily intake is insufficiently validated and cannot be used for the determination of maximum permitted levels of ractopamine in meat and byproducts (offal) is confirmed. It is represented that residual ractopamine intake together with food on the levels which are recommended by the Codex Alimentarius commission and by taking into account the levels of animal products consumption in Russian Federation will lead to unacceptable human health risk level that will promote increasing heart diseases and life expectancy reduction. In this connection Russia states against of acceptance of maximum permitted levels of ractopamine in food.

[Modernity in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: Levitra (vardenafil) in the form of oral dispersible tablet].

Due to high efficiency, prompt action and low incidence of side effects, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are the drugs of first choice in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). One of the most widely used drugs in this group currently is vardenafil. Vardenafil has a number of properties that distinguish it from other drugs in this group: high selectivity and the highest inhibitory activity. Recently, new form of this drug, an oral-dispersible tablet (Levitra ODT) was developed. It dissolves in the mouth for a few seconds and does not required to drink water. This feature Levitra ODT enables easy administration of the drug, which provides the desired effect at any time and in any circumstances. Studies have shown that of simplicity of drug intake is one of the most important characteristics of the "ideal" treatment for erectile dysfunction from the point of view of patients. Currently, Levitra ODT is available at a dose of 10 mg. Two large, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies, POTENT I and POTENT II, with participation of more than 700 patients with erectile dysfunction divided into 2 age groups, have shown a high efficacy and good tolerability of Levitra ODT in both groups. Thus, Levitra ODT is a new and promising form of the drug vardenafil, more convenient to use. There is no doubt that Levitra ODT will occupy an important place in the arsenal of modern methods of treatment of erectile dysfunction due to its high efficacy, good tolerability and usability.

[Optimization of an approach to solving the problem of a barren marriage in secretory azoospermic men].

AIM: To compare the efficiency of using different interventional procedures for a barren marriage in case of secretory azoospermia (SAS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The trial enrolled 110 patients aged 25 to 54 years with SAS. The levels of sexual hormones were determined; ovarian punch biopsy was performed. RESULTS: Decreased volume of the ovaries was noted in 85.3% of the patients; diffuse or focal changes in their parenchyma were seen in 65.7%. There was an increase of follicle-stimulating hormone levels and a reduction in testosterone ones. Hyperestrogenemia was identified in 26.5% of the patients. The level of inhibin B was lower in all the patients. The efficiency of standard testicular sperm extraction for cryopreservation was achieved in 28.7% of the patients and that of a microsurgical technique was in 56.7%. The wives of 37 out of the 57 patients included in an assisted reproductive technology program were more than 12 weeks pregnant after 95 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. CONCLUSION: The microsurgical technique is most effective in achieving the successful treatment of patients with azoospermia in order to prevent male infertility.

[Current approach to therapy for male infertility in patients with varicocele].

AIM: To improve the results of treatment for male infertility in patients with varicocele and to evaluate the efficiency of microsurgical varicocelectomy performed by the same surgeon in a large group of patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 1127 infertile males aged 22 to 52 years (mean 29.6 +/- 9.2 years) with varicocele were examined. An analysis of the patients' presenting complaints, collection of history data, examinations, spermogram studies, mixed agglutination reaction (MAR) test, ultrasonography and Doppler study of the scrotum, estimation of blood hormone and inhibin B levels, and genetic studies (karyotype, azoospermia factor (AZF), cystic fibrosis gene) were done. The analysis excluded 193 patients with other causes of infertility. 728 patients underwent uni- and bilateral microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy according to the Marmar procedure modified by the authors, 107 had spermatogenesis stimulation (clomiphene citrate, vitamins A and E, selenium, L-carnitine, pentoxifylline, antioxidants) for 3-6 months; 56 patients were untreated. The follow-up period was 3-12 months depending on the efficiency of treatment. Control examination was made every 3 months. RESULTS: After microsurgical varicocelectomy, there were increases in the concentration of spermatozoa from 8.8 +/- 7.2 to 23.2 +/- 7.9 mln/ml and their active motility from 7.2 +/- 5.4 to 31.2 +/- 5.2% (category A); the proportion of abnormal sperm forms (Kruger morphology) reduced from 95.4 +/- 5 to 87.8 +/- 8.3%. The patients with azoospermia (n = 39), spermatozoa appeared in 46.2% of cases; 52.8% of the patients with complete teratozoospermia (n = 36) exhibited morphologically normal sperm postoperatively (unlike the results of treatment in the comparison groups). Higher sperm concentrations were observed after both microsurgical varicocele and empirical stimulation of spermatogenesis in 69.9 and 29.9% of the patients, respectively. Spontaneous conception occurred in the partners of 47.1% of the males after microsurgical varicocele, 21.5% of those after drug stimulation, and 3.6% of those untreated. CONCLUSION: Microsurgical varicocele is the most effective and safe treatment option for male infertility in patients with varicocele. Its effect far exceeds the results of drug stimulation of spermatogenesis and those of the follow-up. It lies in a rapid and significant improvement in spermatogenic parameters just 3-6 months after surgery and further continues to increase. This gives rise to spontaneous pregnancy in about 50% of the infertile couples within a year postsurgery. Microsurgical varicocele may be recommended not only as the gold standard surgical treatment for varicocele, but also for the therapy of male infertility in these patients. At the same time, prior to surgical treatment for varicocele, one should rule out all other causes of male infertility and female factor (particularly tubal one).

[Morphological characteristics of ovarian biopsy specimens in infertility].

The authors present the results of their studies and the data available in the literature on the morphological examination of ovarian biopsy specimens in fertility. They highlight the specific features of preparation of histologic specimens. The types of male infertility and impaired spermatogenesis are given and their morphological diagnostic criteria are indicated.