Older adult psychopathology: international comparisons of self-reports, collateral reports, and cross-informant agreement.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct international comparisons of self-reports, collateral reports, and cross-informant agreement regarding older adult psychopathology. PARTICIPANTS: We compared self-ratings of problems (e.g. I cry a lot) and personal strengths (e.g. I like to help others) for 10,686 adults aged 60-102 years from 19 societies and collateral ratings for 7,065 of these adults from 12 societies. MEASUREMENTS: Data were obtained via the Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) and the Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL; Achenbach et al., ). RESULTS: Cronbach's alphas were .76 (OASR) and .80 (OABCL) averaged across societies. Across societies, 27 of the 30 problem items with the highest mean ratings and 28 of the 30 items with the lowest mean ratings were the same on the OASR and the OABCL. Q correlations between the means of the 0-1-2 ratings for the 113 problem items averaged across all pairs of societies yielded means of .77 (OASR) and .78 (OABCL). For the OASR and OABCL, respectively, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) yielded effect sizes (ESs) for society of 15% and 18% for Total Problems and 42% and 31% for Personal Strengths, respectively. For 5,584 cross-informant dyads in 12 societies, cross-informant correlations averaged across societies were .68 for Total Problems and .58 for Personal Strengths. Mixed-model ANOVAs yielded large effects for society on both Total Problems (ES = 17%) and Personal Strengths (ES = 36%). CONCLUSIONS: The OASR and OABCL are efficient, low-cost, easily administered mental health assessments that can be used internationally to screen for many problems and strengths.

The generalizability of Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) syndromes of psychopathology across 20 societies.

OBJECTIVES: As the world population ages, psychiatrists will increasingly need instruments for measuring constructs of psychopathology that are generalizable to diverse elders. The study tested whether syndromes of co-occurring problems derived from self-ratings of psychopathology by US elders would fit self-ratings by elders in 19 other societies. METHODS/DESIGN: The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) was completed by 12 826 adults who were 60 to 102 years old in 19 societies from North and South America, Asia, and Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, plus the United States. Individual and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the fit of the seven-syndrome OASR model, consisting of the Anxious/Depressed, Worries, Somatic Complaints, Functional Impairment, Memory/Cognition Problems, Thought Problems, and Irritable/Disinhibited syndromes. RESULTS: In individual CFAs, the primary model fit index showed good fit for all societies, while the secondary model fit indices showed acceptable to good fit. The items loaded strongly on their respective factors, with a median item loading of .63 across 20 societies, and 98.7% of the loadings were statistically significant. In multigroup CFAs, 98% of items demonstrated approximate or full metric invariance. Fifteen percent of items demonstrated approximate or full scalar invariance, and another 59% demonstrated scalar invariance across more than half of societies. CONCLUSIONS: The findings supported the generalizability of OASR syndromes across societies. The seven syndromes offer empirically based clinical constructs that are relevant for elders of different backgrounds. They can be used to assess diverse elders and as a taxonomic framework to facilitate communication, services, research, and training in geriatric psychiatry.

Cravings, sugar and fat consumption as determinant factors of obesity in young adults in Juarez City.

INTRODUCTION: obesity is a global health epidemic and understanding its causes is essential for successful treatment and prevention. Cravings have been associated with the excessive consumption of sugars and fats, and addictive eating behavior. OBJECTIVE: to determine the strength of the relationship between cravings, the consumption of sugar and fat, and its impact on body composition as determined via body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and waist circumference (WC) in a sample of Mexicans who reside close to the México-U.S. border. METHODS: the sample was comprised of 159 young adults with a mean age of 27.96 ± 6.19, 45.9% of which were male, and all residents of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Cravings were measured using Trait and State Food Cravings Questionnaires. The consumption of sugars and fats was determined via a 24-hour recall of foods consumed and a food consumption frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: it was demonstrated that BMI and BFP were positively associated with responses to the craving questionnaires and WC with fat consumption. Additionally, higher fat consumption was positively associated with higher rates of obesity. CONCLUSIONS: the results demonstrate the need to identify the presence of cravings and integrate such measures for effective prevention and treatment of obesity.

Cravings, sugar and fat consumption as determinant factors of obesity in young adults in juarez city / Craving, ingesta de azúcares y grasas como determinantes de la obesidad en adultos jóvenes de Ciudad Juárez

Introduction: obesity is a global health epidemic and understanding its causes is essential for successful treatment and prevention. Cravings have been associated with the excessive consumption of sugars and fats, and addictive eating behavior. Objective: to determine the strength of the relationship between cravings, the consumption of sugar and fat, and its impact on body composition as determined via body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and waist circumference (WC) in a sample of Mexicans who reside close to the México-U.S. border. Methods: the sample was comprised of 159 young adults with a mean age of 27.96 ± 6.19, 45.9% of which were male, and all residents of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Cravings were measured using Trait and State Food Cravings Questionnaires. The consumption of sugars and fats was determined via a 24-hour recall of foods consumed and a food consumption frequency questionnaire. Results: it was demonstrated that BMI and BFP were positively associated with responses to the craving questionnaires and WC with fat consumption. Additionally, higher fat consumption was positively associated with higher rates of obesity. Conclusions: the results demonstrate the need to identify the presence of cravings and integrate such measures for effective prevention and treatment of obesity

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad heterogénea, por lo que reconocer su origen es esencial para el tratamiento. El craving ha sido relacionado con el consumo excesivo de azúcares y grasas y conductas alimentarias adictivas. Objetivo: investigar la relación entre el craving y la ingesta de azucares y grasas, así como su impacto sobre la composición corporal, determinada por el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC) y la circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Método: la muestra estuvo constituida por 159 adultos jóvenes, hombres (45.9%) y mujeres (54.1%), residentes de Ciudad Juárez, cuya media de edad fue de 27.96 ± 6.19. Se utilizó el Food Cravings Questionnaires Trait y State para determinar la presencia de craving. Para el análisis de la dieta se utilizaron recordatorio de 24 horas y cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que el IMC y el PGC se relacionan con conductas de craving y la CC, con el consumo de grasa. Además, el consumo de grasa se mostró como un factor de riesgo para la obesidad. Conclusiones: se sugiere la necesidad de determinar la presencia de craving y el consumo de grasas para prevenir o tratar eficazmente la obesidad

Perfiles psicopatológicos de obesos y desnutridos medidos con el CBCL/6-18 / Psychopathological profiles of obese children and malnourished measures Obesity; in CBCL/6-18

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron definir los trastornos psicopatológicos más comunes asociados a la obesidad y a la desnutrición, así como establecer el grupo de referencia normativo al cual pertenece México en la escala Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL/6-18). Este fue un estudio transversal de diseño cuasiexperiemental. Se utilizó la información de 125 niños de escuelas públicas de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, en estados de desnutrición, obesidad y normopeso, obtenida mediante las 113 preguntas relacionadas con el comportamiento de niños, que contiene el CBCL 6-18. Por medio de análisis de varianzas se estudiaron las posibles diferencias entre los grupos. Encontramos que nuestra muestra mexicana, pertenece al grupo normativo de referencia tres; las diferencias más significativas se encuentran en el grupo de obesos en la escala de problemas internalizados específicamente en ansiedad/depresión, y en el total de problemas.

This paper sought to define the most common psychopathological disorders associated with obese and malnourished children, and establish the normative group to which Mexico belongs in the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18(CBCL/6-18). This was a cross-sectional study of cuasiexperimental design. CBCL/6-18 data from 125 children from public school in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México were categorized into obese, malnourished and normal nutrition states. The 113 questions related to the behavior of children of the CBCL 6-18 through variance analysis were used to explore the possible differences between groups. Our Mexican children sample belongs to the normative group three. We found that the major differences were in internalized problems, specifically in anxiety/depression, and on Total Problems with the obese group.

Variantes genotípicas del SNP -19 del gen de la CAPN 10 y su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez, México / SNP-19 Genotypic variants of CAPN 10 gene and its relation to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of ciudad juarez, México

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 es una patología común de origen multifactorial cuyas bases genéticas exactas se desconocen aún; diversos estudios sugieren que los polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs) en el gen CAPN10 (Locus 2q37.3) podrían participar en su desarrollo, incluyendo el polimorfismo de inserción/ deleción SNP-19 (2R→3R). Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el polimorfismo SNP-19 y la presencia de DM tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 107 individuos: 43 diabéticos tipo 2 (casos) y 64 no diabéticos sin antecedentes heredo-familiares de DM tipo 2 en primer grado (control). Se realizó estudio antropométrico y perfil bioquímico de lípidos, lipoproteínas y glucosa sérica. Se extrajo ADN de linfocitos de sangre periférica y se amplificó mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Se analizaron los genotipos del polimorfismo SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 por análisis electroforético en geles de agarosa. Se calcularon las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas y se realizaronpruebas de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (GenAlEx 6.4). Resultados: El análisis mediante la prueba X² identificó diferencias en los genotipos entre casos y control, con una mayor frecuencia del genotipo homocigoto 3R del SNP-19 en el grupo de casos (0.418) respecto al grupocontrol (0.265). El genotipo 2R/3R presentó relación con valores elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal y perímetros de cintura y cadera; pero solo en el grupo de diabéticos (P=< 0.05). Conclusión: Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren la participación del SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 en el desarrollo de DM tipo 2 en la población estudiada (AU)

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a common pathology with multifactorial etiology, which exact genetic bases remain unknown. Some studies suggest that single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAPN10 gene (Locus 2q37.3) could be associated with the development of this disease, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism SNP-19 (2R→3R). Objective: The present study determined the association between the SNP-19 and the risk of developing DM type 2 in Ciudad Juarez population. Methodology: For this study 107 participants were selected: 43 diabetics type 2 (cases) and 64 non diabetics with no family history of DM type 2 in first grade (control). Anthropometric studies were realized as well as lipids, lipoproteins and serum glucose biochemical profiles. The genotypification of SNP-19 was performed using peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and electrophoretic analysis in agarose gels. Once obtained the genotypic and allelic frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (GenAlEx 6.4) was also performed. Results: Using the X² analysis it was identified the genotypic differences between cases and control with higher frequency of the homozygous genotype 3R of SNP- 19 in the cases group (0.418) compared to control group (0.265). Also, it was observed an association between genotype 2R/3R with elevated weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences, but only in the diabetic group (P=< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that SNP-19 in CAPN10 may participate in the development of DM type 2 in the studied population (AU)

Clinical significance of neuropsychological improvement after supplementation with omega-3 in 8-12 years old malnourished Mexican children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo and treatment clinical trial.

It has been shown that supplementation with omega-3 improves cognitive performance, especially in infants and toddlers, but it is unknown whether these results are effective in older malnourished children. The aims of this study, therefore, were to investigate the omega-3 supplementation effects in 8- to 12-year-old children and to know which neuropsychological functions improve after three months of intervention in a sample of Mexican children with mild to moderate malnutrition. This study was a randomized, double-blind, treatment and placebo study of 59 children aged 8-12 years who were individually allocated to 2 groups. The duration of the intervention lasted 3 months. Neuropsychological performance was measured at baseline and at 3 months. Results show that more than 50% of children in the treatment group had greater improvement in 11 of the 18 neuropsychological variables studied. Processing speed, visual-motor coordination, perceptual integration, attention and executive function showed improvement in more than 70% of the omega-3 supplemented children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01199120.

[SNP-19 genotypic variants of CAPN10 gene and its relation to diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico]. / Variantes genotípicas del SNP-19 del gen de la CAPN10 y su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez, México.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a common pathology with multifactorial etiology, which exact genetic bases remain unknown. Some studies suggest that single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAPN10 gene (Locus 2q37.3) could be associated with the development of this disease, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism SNP-19 (2R→3R). OBJECTIVE: The present study determined the association between the SNP-19 and the risk of developing DM type 2 in Ciudad Juarez population. METHODOLOGY: For this study 107 participants were selected: 43 diabetics type 2 (cases) and 64 non diabetics with no family history of DM type 2 in first grade (control). Anthropometric studies were realized as well as lipids, lipoproteins and serum glucose biochemical profiles. The genotypification of SNP-19 was performed using peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and electrophoretic analysis in agarose gels. Once obtained the genotypic and allelic frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (GenAlEx 6.4) was also performed. RESULTS: Using the X² analysis it was identified the genotypic differences between cases and control with higher frequency of the homozygous genotype 3R of SNP- 19 in the cases group (0.418) compared to control group (0.265). Also, it was observed an association between genotype 2R/3R with elevated weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences, but only in the diabetic group (P=< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings in this study suggest that SNP-19 in CAPN10 may participate in the development of DM type 2 in the studied population.

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 es una patología común de origen multifactorial cuyas bases genéticas exactas se desconocen aún; diversos estudios sugieren que los polimorfismos de nucleótido único (SNPs) en el gen CAPN10 (Locus 2q37.3) podrían participar en su desarrollo, incluyendo el polimorfismo de inserción/ deleción SNP-19 (2R→3R). Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el polimorfismo SNP-19 y la presencia de DM tipo 2 en una población de Ciudad Juárez. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 107 individuos: 43 diabéticos tipo 2 (casos) y 64 no diabéticos sin antecedentes heredo-familiares de DM tipo 2 en primer grado (control). Se realizó estudio antropométrico y perfil bioquímico de lípidos, lipoproteínas y glucosa sérica. Se extrajo ADN de linfocitos de sangre periférica y se amplificó mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Se analizaron los genotipos del polimorfismo SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 por análisis electroforético en geles de agarosa. Se calcularon las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas y se realizaron pruebas de equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (GenAlEx 6.4). Resultados: El análisis mediante la prueba X² identificó diferencias en los genotipos entre casos y control, con una mayor frecuencia del genotipo homocigoto 3R del SNP-19 en el grupo de casos (0.418) respecto al grupo control (0.265). El genotipo 2R/3R presentó relación con valores elevados de peso, índice de masa corporal y perímetros de cintura y cadera; pero solo en el grupo de diabéticos (P=< 0.05). Conclusión: Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren la participación del SNP-19 del gen CAPN10 en el desarrollo de DM tipo 2 en la población estudiada.

Producción de los profesores funcionarios de psicología en España en artículos de revistas con factor de impacto de la Web od Science / Scientific production of professors of Psychology at Spanish Universities in journals included in Web of Sciences database

El presente estudio analiza la producción científica de la Psicología española a través de los registros de artículos en revistas incluidas en la base de datos Web of Science de los Catedráticos de Universidad (CU) y Profesores Titulares de Universidad (PTU) de las distintas áreas académicas de la Psicología, para ello se realiza un estudio descriptivo mediante análisis de documentos y como unidades de análisis se utilizan: los registros de artículos en la base de datos Web of Science, los CU y PTU, las áreas académicas de la Psicología en España, y las universidades públicas españolas en donde se imparte licenciatura en Psicología. Los resultados más relevantes son: los profesores con mayor producción, que suponen el 5% del total, aportan casi el 30% de la totalidad de los artículos; existen grandes diferencias en producción en función de las áreas académicas, así mientras que Psicobiología tiene una media de 15,73 artículos por profesor, Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación tiene 1,51; las tres universidades con mayor producción (ponderada por el número de profesores) son Oviedo, Rovira i Virgili y Granada; la evolución temporal muestra un gran incremento a partir de finales de los ochenta, el cual se estabiliza desde el año 2000; finalmente, se encontró que existe una tendencia creciente e importante a publicar en revistas editadas en inglés, sin embargo, el 20% de los registros encontrados corresponde a la revista Psicothema

The present study analyzes the scientific production of Spanish Psychology throughout records of articles in journals included in Web of Science database of University Professors (Catedráticos de Universidad -CU- and Profesores Titulares de Universidad -PTU-) from the different academic areas of Psychology in Spain. A descriptive study of document analysis was carried out, and used as units of analysis: records of articles in the Web of Science database, CU and PTU, Psychology’s academic areas in Spain, and the public Spanish universities in which a Psychology Bachelor is offered. The results show that: the professors with the higher production, who represent 5% overall, contribute with 30% out of the total of articles found; differences in the production, depending on the academic areas, are found, in this way while Psychobiology has an average of 15,73 articles per professor, Developmental and Educational Psychology has an average of 1,51; weighted by professor’s number, the universities of Oviedo, Rovira i Virgili and Granada have the superior production; the temporary evolution shows a great increase that begins at the end of the eighties, which becomes stable since the 2000; finally an important trend to publish in journals printed in English was identified, nevertheless, 20% of the found records were published in Psicothema