DNA damage and aging on hematopoietic stem cells: Impact of oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice.

The effects of aging on ROS production and DNA damage were assessed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice (2-, 12- and 24-month-old), a traditional experimental model of atherogenic dyslipidemia. HSCs from aged ApoE-/- mice were associated with increased ROS levels, leading to loss quiescence, DNA damage, apoptosis and telomere shortening. The concurrence of lack of ApoE and aging result in exhaustion and senescence of HSCs accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, our data open avenues to a better understanding of age-related changes and genetic factors, which may synergistically compromise the efficacy of aged HSC recovery and/or transplantation.

Incubation variables, performance, and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submitted to different incubation temperatures and thermally challenged after hatching / [Variáveis de incubação, desempenho e morfometria da mucosa duodenal de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submetidas a diferentes temperaturas de incubação e desafiadas termicamente após eclosão]

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different temperatures on incubation variables, performance, and morphometry of the duodenal mucosa of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submitted to chronic heat stress after hatching. We distributed 540 eggs in three incubators with a temperature of 37.8°C and 60% of humidity. From the 6th day of incubation until hatching, the temperatures were adjusted to (37.8°C, 38.5°C and 39.5°C). After hatching, quails were evaluated for the quality score, weighed, and distributed in a completely randomized design with three incubation temperatures (37.8, 38.5, and 39.5°C) and two ambient temperatures (stress and thermoneutral). At 10, 20, 30, and 40 days they were weighed to determine the live weight (g) and weight gain(g). To collect the duodenum and determine morphometric parameters, we euthanized four quails of each treatment. The data were analyzed, and the differences between the means determined by the Tukey test at 5%. The incubation temperature of 39.5°C provided lower hatching rate and the live weight at birth; however, from the 10th day of age, increased live weight, weight gain, and positively influenced the morphological parameters of the duodenal mucosa in situations of chronic stress.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas de incubação sobre as variáveis de incubação, desempenho e morfometria da mucosa duodenal de codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) submetidas ao estresse térmico crônico por calor após eclosão. Foram distribuídos 540 ovos em três incubadoras, com temperatura de 37,8°C e umidade 60%. A partir do sexto dia de incubação até a eclosão, as temperaturas foram ajustadas para 37,8°C, 38,5°C e 39,5°C. Após a eclosão, as codornas foram avaliadas quanto ao escore de qualidade, pesadas e distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três temperaturas de incubação (37,8ºC, 38,5ºC e 39,5°C) e duas temperaturas ambientes (estresse e termoneutro). Aos 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias, foram pesadas para determinar o peso vivo (g) e o ganho de peso(g). Quatro codornas de cada tratamento foram eutanasiadas para coleta do duodeno, para determinar os parâmetros morfométricos. Os dados foram analisados e as diferenças entre as médias foram determinadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A temperatura de incubação de 39,5°C proporcionou menor taxa de eclosão e menor peso vivo ao nascer, entretanto, a partir do 10° dia de idade, essa temperatura aumentou o peso vivo, o ganho de peso e influenciou positivamente os parâmetros morfológicos da mucosa duodenal em situações de estresse crônico.(AU)

Efeito da manipulação térmica durante a incubação sobre as variáveis hematológicas, bioquímica sérica e morfometria da bolsa cloacal de codornas japonesas submetidas ao estresse crônico por calor / Effect of thermal manipulation during incubation on the hematological variables, serum biochemistry and morphometry of cloacal bursa of Japanese quails submitted to chronic heat stress

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da manipulação da temperatura de incubação sobre a resposta imune de codornas desafiadas termicamente após eclosão. Para isso, foram utilizados 540 ovos, distribuídos em três incubadoras, com temperatura de 37,8°C e umidade de 60%. A partir do sexto dia de incubação até a eclosão, as temperaturas foram ajustadas em 37,8°C (padrão), 38,5°C (intermediária) e 39,5°C (alta). Após a eclosão as codornas foram pesadas e distribuídas, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três temperaturas de incubação (37,8, 38,5 e 39,5°C) e duas temperaturas de ambiente (estresse e termoneutro). Aos 10, 20, 30 e 40 dias, quatro codornas por tratamento foram eutanasiadas para coleta da bolsa cloacal, do fígado e do coração, para se determinar o peso absoluto (g), o peso relativo (%) e a área dos folículos bursais. Sangue foi coletado para realização do hemograma, do leucograma e da bioquímica sérica. Os dados foram analisados e as diferenças entre as médias foram determinadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. O estresse térmico por calor, a partir dos 20 dias, promove redução no peso absoluto do fígado, do coração, da bolsa cloacal e na área dos folículos bursais, além de heterofilia, linfopenia e aumento da relação heterófilo/linfócito. Em conclusão, o estresse térmico por calor após 10 dias de idade pode causar imunossupressão.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of manipulation of the incubation temperature on the immune response of quails challenged thermally after hatching. For this, 540 eggs were distributed in three incubators, with temperature of 37.8°C and 60% humidity. From the 6th day of incubation to hatching the temperatures were adjusted to 37.8°C (standard), 38.5°C (intermediate) and 39.5°C (high). After hatching the quails were weighed and distributed in a completely randomized design with three incubation temperatures (37.8, 38.5 and 39.5°C) and two ambient temperatures (stress and thermoneutral). At 10, 20, 30 and 40 days four quail per treatment were euthanized to collect the cloacal burse, liver and heart to determine the absolute weight (g), relative weight (%) and area of the bursal follicles. Blood was sampled for determination of hemogram, leukogram and serum biochemistry. The data were analyzed and the differences between the means were determined by the Tukey test at 5%. Heat stress from 20 days onwards promotes a reduction in the absolute weight of the liver, heart, cloacal sac and in the area of the follicles. In addition, there was heterofilia, lymphopenia and increased heterophile/lymphocyte ratio. In conclusion, heat stress after 10 days of age can cause immunosuppression.(AU)

Presence of two suctorian ciliate species of the genera Acineta and Pelagacineta, epibionts on marine copepod crustaceans.

Acineta arcachoniensis sp. nov., a new species of protist suctorian epibiont on the copepod Chiridius gracilis is described. The individuals show two well-developed actinophores, with two fascicles of capitate tentacles, an irregular nucleus, a cup-shaped lorica and a short stalk. Reproduction of A. arcachoniensis is by endogenous budding. The suctorians are located on the base of the antennae, the final abdominal segments or on the last pereiopod pair of the copepod. In addition, a new registration of the suctorian Pelagacineta euchaetae on the copepod Calanus helgolandicus is recorded.

Uterine activity characteristics in multiple gestations.

The frequency of uterine contractions has been shown to be increased during the 24-48 hours before the diagnosis of preterm labor in singleton gestations. Experience has indicated that there is also an increase in baseline uterine activity in twin gestations beyond that seen in women with singleton pregnancies. In this study, patients with twin gestations (39), triplet pregnancies (20), and quadruplets (ten) were monitored in the home daily for uterine activity. The results indicate that uterine activity was increased slightly within 48 hours of the onset of their initial preterm labor episode and significantly increased over baseline during the 24 hours preceding the diagnosis of preterm labor. This uterine activity led to evaluation for preterm labor before advanced dilatation occurred so that the majority of patients continued their pregnancy for more than 48 hours after diagnosis. Tocolytics did not have an effect on the crescendo of uterine activity preceding preterm labor. In this study, the crescendo of uterine activity occurred in multifetal gestations within 24 hours of preterm labor, as has been described for singleton pregnancies.