Increased variance in second electrode accuracy during deep brain stimulation and its relationship to pneumocephalus, brain shift, and clinical outcomes: A retrospective cohort study.

•Overall electrode accuracy was 0.22+/-0.4 â€‹mm with only 3 (4%) electrodes out with 2 â€‹mm from the intended target.•Accuracy was significantly worse in the GPi versus the STN and on the second side implanted.•Inaccuracy occurred in the X (lateral) plane but was not related to pneumocephalus or brain shift.

Docking-based analysis and modeling of the activity of bile acids and their synthetic analogues on large conductance Ca2+ activated K channels in smooth muscle cells.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform docking-based analysis of bile acid binding on the protein complex of channels and to derive neural network that predicts the influence of bile acids and their synthetic analogues on the activity of BK(Ca) channels in smooth muscle cells based on descriptors for bile acids and their synthetic analogues and on their already published activities using patch-clamp techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ligands for molecular docking were optimized using computer routine for minimization of energy by using the force field MMFF94 via Chem3D 15.0 and ligands and protein channel complex were prepared in AutoDockTools 1.5.6. AutoDock Vina 4.0 software was used for blind docking; processing and verification of the obtained results was performed via Discovery Studio 4.0. Neural network was derived using descriptors for bile acids and their synthetic analogues and their already published activities on calcium-activated K+ channels in smooth muscle cells (ChemDraw Professional 15.0, Dragon 6 software). RESULTS: Molecular docking was performed for: lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, 5ß-cholanoic acid, 3ß-hydroxi-5ß-cholanoic acid, henodeoxycholic acid, ursocholic acid and α-muricholic acid. Neural network model Multiple layer perceptron is derived, having 0.9259 training performances and 0.3673 test performances, training error 0.0073 and test error 0,1607. Model was tested for henodeoxycholic, ursocholic and α-muricholic acid, and internal validation of the model is performed. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular docking suggested that the pharmacophore for maximizing the activity of BK(Ca) channels in the steroid skeleton of bile acids is the C3 quasi-axial α-OH group and the C24 carboxyl function. Derived neural network model successfully predicted activities of tested bile acids on Ca2+ activated K+ channels in smooth muscle cells.

[Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis]. / Manifestations pulmonaires de la sclérodermie systémique.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a protean disorder in which prognosis and treatment are tailored on the basis of organ involvement. Among SSc lung manifestations, interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or the combination of both, are the first cause of SSc mortality and impact heavily on patient quality of life. ILD may begin early in disease and usually progresses slowly. However, approximately 10% of patients with ILD may reach terminal respiratory insufficiency. PAH may be an early or late complication of SSc in which increased blood pressure in pulmonary arteries leads to right heart failure. Current treatments provide some benefit, but both SSc-ILD and PAH still represent an enormous unmet need of more efficacious therapeutic strategies.

Quantifying the role of online news in linking conservation research to Facebook and Twitter.

Conservation science needs to engage the general public to ensure successful conservation interventions. Although online technologies such as Twitter and Facebook offer new opportunities to accelerate communication between conservation scientists and the online public, factors influencing the spread of conservation news in online media are not well understood. We explored transmission of conservation research through online news articles with generalized linear mixed-effects models and an information theoretic approach. In particular, we assessed differences in the frequency conservation research is featured on online news sites and the impact of online conservation news content and delivery on Facebook likes and shares and Twitter tweets. Five percent of articles in conservation journals are reported in online news, and the probability of reporting depended on the journal. There was weak evidence that articles on climate change and mammals were more likely to be featured. Online news articles about charismatic mammals with illustrations were more likely to be shared or liked on Facebook and Twitter, but the effect of news sites was much larger. These results suggest journals have the greatest impact on which conservation research is featured and that news site has the greatest impact on how popular an online article will be on Facebook and Twitter.