Report of a rare human variation: absence of the radial artery.

A case of unilateral absence of the radial artery is reported. The arterial system of the specimen was developmentally primitive with the anterior interosseous artery the chief blood supply to the forearm and hand. A "superficial ulnar artery" of small caliber supplemented the supply of the hand. Three large branches of the anterior interosseous artery supplied the hand with the lateral terminal branch replacing the radial artery distal to the wrist. The superficial palmar arch was formed by an anastomosis of the media and lateral terminal branches of the anterior interosseous artery. No deep palmar arch was present, but three palmar metacarpal arteries arose from a perforating artery which branched from a large dorsal branch of the anterior interosseous artery. The median artery was of small caliber and could not be traced beyond the midforearm. Based on this specimen and a review of other forearm and hand arterial variations, it is postulated that the ulnar artery may developmentally precede the median artery.

Uterine morphology and glycogen deposition of pregnant rats after clomiphene citrate treatment during preimplantation stages.

Clomiphene citrate did not induce glycogen deposition in the uterine luminal epithelium of pregnant rats as it did in ovariectomized rats. However, the drug did alter the epithelial morphology which may be a factor in its postcoital contraceptive action.

The effect of clomiphene citrate and estradiol on body weight, vaginal cornification, and uterine weight after chronic treatment of ovariectomized rats.

Clomiphene reduced the body weight gain of ovariectomized rats to a much greater degree than extradiol did. Estradiol had a more pronounced effect on vaginal cornification and uterine weight than clomiphene did.

The interaction of clomiphene, estradiol, and progesterone in the control of rat uterine glycogen metabolism.

Uterine glycogen accumulation was studied in ovariectomized rats treated with all combinations of clomiphene citrate (0.25 mg/kg) estradiol (1.0 micron g) and progesterone (5.0 mg). The rats were given three consecutive daily dosages and killed 24 hours after the final dosage. Based on biochemical data, either estradiol or clomiphene increased uterine glycogen concentration and total glycogen, but progesterone did not. Progesterone significantly suppressed both the estradiol and clomiphene-induced glycogen increases. Based on the histochemical results, progesterone also suppressed the estradiol and clomiphene-induced glycogen responses, but the tissue affected differed. Clomiphene markedly increased luminal epithelial glycogen whereas estradiol induced primarily myometrial glycogenesis. Progesterone completely suppressed the clomiphene-induced epithelial effect and partially suppressed the estradiol-induced myometrial effect. Clomiphene also suppressed the estradiol-induced myometrial response. The results indicate that progesterone does have a significant interaction with clomiphene in the control of uterine morphology and biochemistry. The results also stress the importance of correlated histochemical and biochemical studies in the study of clomiphene-induced uterine glycognesis.

PIP: The interaction of clomiphene citrate (CL), estradiol-17 (E2), and progesterone (P) in the control of rat uterine glycogen metabolism was studied by histochemical and biochemical techniques. Bilaterally ovariectomized rats were given CL (.25 mg/kg), E2 dipropionate (1.0 mcg/rat), or P (5.0 mg/rat) alone or in combination with 1 or more. Rats were treated for 3 days. Uterine horns were examined and analyzed for glycogen levels. E2 and CL alone increased uterine glycogen concentration and total glycogen while P was ineffective. P, however, significantly suppressed E2- and CL-induced glycogen increases (p .05). P partially suppressed E2 induced myometrial response and completely suppressed CL epithelial response. Results indicate an important interaction between P and CL in the control of uterine morphology and biochemistry. It is recommended that histochemical and biochemical analysis of CL-induced uterine glycolysis be considered in any study.