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1.
Curr Biol ; 33(11): R442-R444, 2023 06 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37279665

RESUMEN

The piRNA pathway represses transposon activity to protect the germline genome for future generations. A new study shows how germline sex determination influences the production of different piRNAs in male and female germ cells.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila , Femenino , Masculino , Animales , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , ARN de Interacción con Piwi , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Proteínas Argonautas/genética
2.
Sex Dev ; 16(5-6): 323-328, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35259743

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The establishment of male or female identity (sex determination) is essential for creating the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral differences between 2 sexes of the same species (sexual dimorphism). In many organisms, including mammals and Drosophila, sex is determined by inheritance of sex chromosomes, while in other animals, sex is determined by environmental factors. Arguably the most important consequence of sex determination is the production of healthy gametes necessary for reproduction: female oocytes and male spermatids. SUMMARY: The generation of sperm and oocytes requires cooperation between 2 different cell types within the gonad: germ cells and somatic cells. Defects in sex determination in either the somatic gonad or germline lead to disorders of sexual development and infertility. In Drosophila, the gene Sex lethal (Sxl) is the key determinant of sex in both the soma and the germline. However, how Sxl controls sex determination is much more well understood in the soma than the germline. Key Mesage: This review will focus on Sxl in the germline, how it is activated specifically in female germ cells, and how it regulates germline sex determination and sexual development.

3.
PLoS Genet ; 17(3): e1009468, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33788836

RESUMEN

Doublesex (Dsx) and Fruitless (Fru) are the two downstream transcription factors that actuate Drosophila sex determination. While Dsx assists Fru to regulate sex-specific behavior, whether Fru collaborates with Dsx in regulating other aspects of sexual dimorphism remains unknown. One important aspect of sexual dimorphism is found in the gonad stem cell (GSC) niches, where male and female GSCs are regulated to create large numbers of sperm and eggs. Here we report that Fru is expressed male-specifically in the GSC niche and plays important roles in the development and maintenance of these cells. Unlike previously-studied aspects of sex-specific Fru expression, which are regulated by Transformer (Tra)-mediated alternative splicing, we show that male-specific expression of fru in the gonad is regulated downstream of dsx, and is independent of tra. fru genetically interacts with dsx to support maintenance of the niche throughout development. Ectopic expression of fru inhibited female niche formation and partially masculinized the ovary. fru is also required autonomously for cyst stem cell maintenance and cyst cell survival. Finally, we identified a conserved Dsx binding site upstream of fru promoter P4 that regulates fru expression in the niche, indicating that fru is likely a direct target for transcriptional regulation by Dsx. These findings demonstrate that fru acts outside the nervous system to influence sexual dimorphism and reveal a new mechanism for regulating sex-specific expression of fru that is regulated at the transcriptional level by Dsx, rather than by alternative splicing by Tra.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Gónadas/citología , Gónadas/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Caracteres Sexuales , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo/genética , Nicho de Células Madre/genética , Células Madre/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Animales , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Evolución Molecular , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Orden Génico , Sitios Genéticos , Masculino , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Testículo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo
4.
PLoS Genet ; 15(7): e1007617, 2019 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31329582

RESUMEN

For sexually reproducing organisms, production of male or female gametes depends on specifying the correct sexual identity in the germline. In D. melanogaster, Sex lethal (Sxl) is the key gene that controls sex determination in both the soma and the germline, but how it does so in the germline is unknown, other than that it is different than in the soma. We conducted an RNA expression profiling experiment to identify direct and indirect germline targets of Sxl specifically in the undifferentiated germline. We find that, in these cells, Sxl loss does not lead to a global masculinization observed at the whole-genome level. In contrast, Sxl appears to affect a discrete set of genes required in the male germline, such as Phf7. We also identify Tudor domain containing protein 5-like (Tdrd5l) as a target for Sxl regulation that is important for male germline identity. Tdrd5l is repressed by Sxl in female germ cells, but is highly expressed in male germ cells where it promotes proper male fertility and germline differentiation. Additionally, Tdrd5l localizes to cytoplasmic granules with some characteristics of RNA Processing (P-) Bodies, suggesting that it promotes male identity in the germline by regulating post-transcriptional gene expression.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/fisiología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN/métodos , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Gránulos Citoplasmáticos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Dominio Tudor
5.
Cell ; 163(4): 920-33, 2015 Nov 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26522592

RESUMEN

A long-standing question concerns how stem cells maintain their identity through multiple divisions. Previously, we reported that pre-existing and newly synthesized histone H3 are asymmetrically distributed during Drosophila male germline stem cell (GSC) asymmetric division. Here, we show that phosphorylation at threonine 3 of H3 (H3T3P) distinguishes pre-existing versus newly synthesized H3. Converting T3 to the unphosphorylatable residue alanine (H3T3A) or to the phosphomimetic aspartate (H3T3D) disrupts asymmetric H3 inheritance. Expression of H3T3A or H3T3D specifically in early-stage germline also leads to cellular defects, including GSC loss and germline tumors. Finally, compromising the activity of the H3T3 kinase Haspin enhances the H3T3A but suppresses the H3T3D phenotypes. These studies demonstrate that H3T3P distinguishes sister chromatids enriched with distinct pools of H3 in order to coordinate asymmetric segregation of "old" H3 into GSCs and that tight regulation of H3T3 phosphorylation is required for male germline activity.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis , Animales , Proteínas de Drosophila/química , Drosophila melanogaster/citología , Células Germinativas/citología , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Histonas/química , Masculino , Mitosis , Fosforilación , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Células Madre/citología , Células Madre/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Treonina/metabolismo
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